From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
To: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	patches@lists.linux.dev,
	syzbot+7b47f87674e9a1569110@syzkaller.appspotmail.com,
	Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>,
	Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>,
	Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH 6.12 0700/1102] bpf: Reject non-scalar bpf_loop iteration counts
Date: Thu, 17 Sep 2026 16:10:43 +0100
Message-ID: <20260917151557.874629166@linuxfoundation.org>
In-Reply-To: <20260917151539.408551884@linuxfoundation.org>
References: <20260917151539.408551884@linuxfoundation.org>
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6.12-stable review patch.  If anyone has any objections, please let me know.

------------------

From: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>

[ Upstream commit c3fd8e5fd100f122bad503bdc0e9277219533253 ]

bpf_loop() declares its nr_loops argument as ARG_ANYTHING. Privileged
programs may pass pointer values to such arguments, so check_func_arg()
lets a pointer-valued R1 reach the helper-specific checks.

Since commit bb124da69c47 ("bpf: keep track of max number of bpf_loop
callback iterations"), the verifier marks R1 precise and reads its upper
bound to limit callback simulation. Precision backtracking only accepts
scalar registers, so passing a pointer instead triggers the "backtracking
misuse" verifier warning. Kernels with panic_on_warn enabled subsequently
panic.

Introduce ARG_SCALAR for helper arguments that only accept scalar values
and use it for bpf_loop() nr_loops. Generic helper argument validation then
rejects pointers before loop inlining and precision processing.

Fixes: bb124da69c47 ("bpf: keep track of max number of bpf_loop callback iterations")
Reported-by: syzbot+7b47f87674e9a1569110@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260905014735.1452988-2-memxor@gmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/6a9ad24c.b5d4176b.238c3e.0001.GAE@google.com/
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/bpf.h   | 1 +
 kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c | 2 +-
 kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 1 +
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
index 47fdbf13abe16..a63fd54ac6b4f 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -762,6 +762,7 @@ enum bpf_arg_type {
 
 	ARG_PTR_TO_CTX,		/* pointer to context */
 	ARG_ANYTHING,		/* any (initialized) argument is ok */
+	ARG_SCALAR,		/* scalar argument */
 	ARG_PTR_TO_SPIN_LOCK,	/* pointer to bpf_spin_lock */
 	ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON,	/* pointer to sock_common */
 	ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET,	/* pointer to bpf_sock (fullsock) */
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c b/kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c
index 106735145948b..d5c30594c40a0 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/bpf_iter.c
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_loop_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_loop,
 	.gpl_only	= false,
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
-	.arg1_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_SCALAR,
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_FUNC,
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_STACK_OR_NULL,
 	.arg4_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index d6ab9b57f0135..8af06f02ac44a 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -8647,6 +8647,7 @@ static const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible_reg_types[__BPF_ARG_TYPE_MAX] = {
 	[ARG_CONST_SIZE]		= &scalar_types,
 	[ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO]	= &scalar_types,
 	[ARG_CONST_ALLOC_SIZE_OR_ZERO]	= &scalar_types,
+	[ARG_SCALAR]			= &scalar_types,
 	[ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR]		= &const_map_ptr_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_CTX]		= &context_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON]	= &sock_types,
-- 
2.53.0