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Reading an entire cacheline

DISCUSSION Kim, Jong-Sung 3 participants 7 messages Apr 24, 2006 – Apr 27, 2006 MIPS

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#0 lore raw

Dear Mr. Kissell and the others,

I apologize for my rude question if you felt like. I was first in this mailing list and I didn't think I had to describe the background of my problem such in depth. I have an application stored in an onboard block device and it sometimes makes bus error or segmentation fault during do_page_fault().
When the application is stored in and executed from an nfs device or an ramfs or any other device, it works without any problem. So I think the problem comes from the device driver or something below.
In some experiments, the cache invalidation in a point reduces the frequency of abnormal terminations. (I don't know it's a walk-around or just reduction yet) When the application was copied from the device onto the other (ram or network) device, it works well. So I guess the problem is related to the cache and not from just d-cache incoherency. I targeted the consistency between d- and i-cache as first. If you have any idea, please let me know. For the device driver for the block device is very large and not my work, I'm still in the dark. ^^;

Thank you for your hints about the interrupt disabling and the variable cachability. They could be very helpful for me. For the tag, I meant the physical address field of the valid tag. Thank you again.

Regards,
JS.

-----Original Message-----
From: Kevin D. Kissell [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Monday, April 24, 2006 4:41 PM
To: Kim, Jong-Sung; [email protected]
Subject: Re: Reading an entire cacheline

Yes, your question was too brief the first time around - I couldn't tell what you were really asking. I'm still not 100% sure of what
you're doing, though. I don't want to sound insulting, but you're
disabling interrupts during this operation, right? And if you're copying the values into variables in memory, you're doing nothing but non-cached references, right? When you see the tags changing on you, which bits are changing, and what are they defined to mean?

Regards,

Kevin K.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Kim, Jong-Sung" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, April 24, 2006 9:23 AM
Subject: RE: Reading an entire cacheline

Quoted 8 lines

Hi all,

Was my question too brief? I'm using MIPS5Kf core included in a Broadcom implemented processor and it has a 32kB d-cache and a same sized i-cache. Cache configuration is 2-way, 32-byte cacheline for both d- and i-cache without L2 cache. Of course, MIPS-port Linux as the kernel for it. And, a onboard block device has problem in its operation. I don't think it's a kernel problem. So I wanna inspect the contents of cache RAMs at the

device

Quoted 18 lines

driver's context. I've added some lines of codes look like follow:

__asm__ __volatile__(
".set noreorder\n\t"
".set mips3\n\t"
"cache 5, 0x00(%3)\n\t" // load d-cache tag ".set mips0\n\t" // by index
".set mips32\n\t"
"mfc0 %0, $28, 0\n\t"
"mfc0 %1, $28, 1\n\t"
"mfc0 %2, $29, 1\n\t"
.set mips0\n\t"
.set reorder"
: "=r" (tag), "=r" (data_lo), "=r" (data_hi)
: "r" (0x80000000 | (way << 14) | (index << 5) | (word << 3))
);

Quoted 1 line

This is executed for every index, every way, and every word. The thing

aches

Quoted 2 lines

my head is the tags from a single cacheline differs. (very often for d-cache) So I modified the code to reread the cacheline from the first

word

Quoted 1 line

when the tag was modified before reading all four words. Then the code

never

Quoted 31 lines

return. I couldn't find any related information from manual.

Please give me a hint for reading whole cacheline safely.

-----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Kim, Jong-Sung
Sent: Tuesday, April 18, 2006 9:37 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Reading an entire cacheline

Hi,

Is there any way to read an entire cacheline from the MIPS5Kf? Four sequential cache instructions do similarly, but sometimes the tags from a same cacheline differ. How can I read a consistent cacheline safely?

Thanks.

#1 lore raw

Hi all,

Please look at following codes:

save_flags(flags);
cli();
__asm__ __volatile__(

	"	.set	noreorder\n"
	"	.set	mips32\n"
	"2:	.set	mips3\n"
	"	cache	5, 0x00(%12)\n"
	"	.set	mips0\n"
	"	mfc0	%0, $28, 0\n"
	"	mfc0	%1, $28, 1\n"
	"	mfc0	%2, $29, 1\n"
	"	.set	mips3\n"
	"	cache	5, 0x08(%12)\n"
	"	.set	mips0\n"
	"	mfc0	%3, $28, 0\n"
	"	mfc0	%4, $28, 1\n"
	"	mfc0	%5, $29, 1\n"
	//"	bne	%0, %3, 2b\n"
	"	.set	mips3\n"
	"	cache	5, 0x10(%12)\n"
	"	.set	mips0\n"
	"	mfc0	%6, $28, 0\n"
	"	mfc0	%7, $28, 1\n"
	"	mfc0	%8, $29, 1\n"
	//"	bne	%0, %6, 2b\n"
	"	.set	mips3\n"
	"	cache	5, 0x18(%12)\n"
	"	.set	mips0\n"
	"	mfc0	%9, $28, 0\n"
	"	mfc0	%10, $28, 1\n"
	"	mfc0	%11, $29, 1\n"
	//"	bne	%0, %9, 2b\n"
	"	.set	mips0\n"
	"	.set	reorder"
	: "=r" (tag[1][way][0]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][0]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][0]),
	  "=r" (tag[1][way][1]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][1]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][1]),
	  "=r" (tag[1][way][2]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][2]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][2]),
	  "=r" (tag[1][way][3]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][3]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][3])
	: "r" (0x80000000 | (way << 14) | (line << 5))

);
restore_flags(flags);

Interrupt is disabled and no memory variable is touched while reading four words in a cacheline. When bne instructions're activated, this code still makes a infinitive loop. I don't know what does make changes in the d-cache. Or.. am I doing something wrong? Any idea'll be welcomed. Thanks.

Regards,
JS.

PS. if you think my question is not proper in this mailing list, please let me know.

-----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Kim, Jong-Sung
Sent: Monday, April 24, 2006 6:52 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: RE: Reading an entire cacheline

Dear Mr. Kissell and the others,

I apologize for my rude question if you felt like. I was first in this mailing list and I didn't think I had to describe the background of my problem such in depth. I have an application stored in an onboard block device and it sometimes makes bus error or segmentation fault during do_page_fault().
When the application is stored in and executed from an nfs device or an ramfs or any other device, it works without any problem. So I think the problem comes from the device driver or something below.
In some experiments, the cache invalidation in a point reduces the frequency of abnormal terminations. (I don't know it's a walk-around or just reduction yet) When the application was copied from the device onto the other (ram or network) device, it works well. So I guess the problem is related to the cache and not from just d-cache incoherency. I targeted the consistency between d- and i-cache as first. If you have any idea, please let me know. For the device driver for the block device is very large and not my work, I'm still in the dark. ^^;

Thank you for your hints about the interrupt disabling and the variable cachability. They could be very helpful for me. For the tag, I meant the physical address field of the valid tag. Thank you again.

Regards,
JS.

-----Original Message-----
From: Kevin D. Kissell [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Monday, April 24, 2006 4:41 PM
To: Kim, Jong-Sung; [email protected]
Subject: Re: Reading an entire cacheline

Yes, your question was too brief the first time around - I couldn't tell what you were really asking. I'm still not 100% sure of what
you're doing, though. I don't want to sound insulting, but you're
disabling interrupts during this operation, right? And if you're copying the values into variables in memory, you're doing nothing but non-cached references, right? When you see the tags changing on you, which bits are changing, and what are they defined to mean?

Regards,

Kevin K.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Kim, Jong-Sung" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, April 24, 2006 9:23 AM
Subject: RE: Reading an entire cacheline

Quoted 8 lines

Hi all,

Was my question too brief? I'm using MIPS5Kf core included in a Broadcom implemented processor and it has a 32kB d-cache and a same sized i-cache. Cache configuration is 2-way, 32-byte cacheline for both d- and i-cache without L2 cache. Of course, MIPS-port Linux as the kernel for it. And, a onboard block device has problem in its operation. I don't think it's a kernel problem. So I wanna inspect the contents of cache RAMs at the

device

Quoted 18 lines

driver's context. I've added some lines of codes look like follow:

__asm__ __volatile__(
".set noreorder\n\t"
".set mips3\n\t"
"cache 5, 0x00(%3)\n\t" // load d-cache tag ".set mips0\n\t" // by index
".set mips32\n\t"
"mfc0 %0, $28, 0\n\t"
"mfc0 %1, $28, 1\n\t"
"mfc0 %2, $29, 1\n\t"
.set mips0\n\t"
.set reorder"
: "=r" (tag), "=r" (data_lo), "=r" (data_hi)
: "r" (0x80000000 | (way << 14) | (index << 5) | (word << 3))
);

Quoted 1 line

This is executed for every index, every way, and every word. The thing

aches

Quoted 2 lines

my head is the tags from a single cacheline differs. (very often for d-cache) So I modified the code to reread the cacheline from the first

word

Quoted 1 line

when the tag was modified before reading all four words. Then the code

never

Quoted 31 lines

return. I couldn't find any related information from manual.

Please give me a hint for reading whole cacheline safely.

-----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Kim, Jong-Sung
Sent: Tuesday, April 18, 2006 9:37 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Reading an entire cacheline

Hi,

Is there any way to read an entire cacheline from the MIPS5Kf? Four sequential cache instructions do similarly, but sometimes the tags from a same cacheline differ. How can I read a consistent cacheline safely?

Thanks.

#2 lore raw

There are some things that look a little suspicious in you code below. Please disassemble(mips{el}-linux-objdump --disassemble) the resulting binary and look at what *really* gets generated. Pay special attention to branch delay slots - you've set noreorder, so it's your responsibility to make sure they're handled correctly.

Regards,

Kevin K.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Kim, Jong-Sung" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Wednesday, April 26, 2006 10:47 AM
Subject: RE: Reading an entire cacheline

Quoted 176 lines

Hi all,

Please look at following codes:

save_flags(flags);
cli();
__asm__ __volatile__(
" .set noreorder\n"
" .set mips32\n"
"2: .set mips3\n"
" cache 5, 0x00(%12)\n"
" .set mips0\n"
" mfc0 %0, $28, 0\n"
" mfc0 %1, $28, 1\n"
" mfc0 %2, $29, 1\n"
" .set mips3\n"
" cache 5, 0x08(%12)\n"
" .set mips0\n"
" mfc0 %3, $28, 0\n"
" mfc0 %4, $28, 1\n"
" mfc0 %5, $29, 1\n"
//" bne %0, %3, 2b\n"
" .set mips3\n"
" cache 5, 0x10(%12)\n"
" .set mips0\n"
" mfc0 %6, $28, 0\n"
" mfc0 %7, $28, 1\n"
" mfc0 %8, $29, 1\n"
//" bne %0, %6, 2b\n"
" .set mips3\n"
" cache 5, 0x18(%12)\n"
" .set mips0\n"
" mfc0 %9, $28, 0\n"
" mfc0 %10, $28, 1\n"
" mfc0 %11, $29, 1\n"
//" bne %0, %9, 2b\n"
" .set mips0\n"
" .set reorder"
: "=r" (tag[1][way][0]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][0]),
"=r" (datahi[1][way][0]),
"=r" (tag[1][way][1]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][1]), "=r" (datahi[1][way][1]),
"=r" (tag[1][way][2]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][2]), "=r" (datahi[1][way][2]),
"=r" (tag[1][way][3]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][3]), "=r" (datahi[1][way][3])
: "r" (0x80000000 | (way << 14) | (line << 5)) );
restore_flags(flags);

Interrupt is disabled and no memory variable is touched while reading four words in a cacheline. When bne instructions're activated, this code still makes a infinitive loop. I don't know what does make changes in the d-cache. Or.. am I doing something wrong? Any idea'll be welcomed. Thanks.

Regards,
JS.

PS. if you think my question is not proper in this mailing list, please let me know.

-----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Kim, Jong-Sung
Sent: Monday, April 24, 2006 6:52 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: RE: Reading an entire cacheline

Dear Mr. Kissell and the others,

I apologize for my rude question if you felt like. I was first in this mailing list and I didn't think I had to describe the background of my problem such in depth. I have an application stored in an onboard block device and it sometimes makes bus error or segmentation fault during do_page_fault().
When the application is stored in and executed from an nfs device or an ramfs or any other device, it works without any problem. So I think the problem comes from the device driver or something below.
In some experiments, the cache invalidation in a point reduces the frequency of abnormal terminations. (I don't know it's a walk-around or just reduction yet) When the application was copied from the device onto the other (ram or network) device, it works well. So I guess the problem is related to the cache and not from just d-cache incoherency. I targeted the consistency between d- and i-cache as first. If you have any idea, please let me know. For the device driver for the block device is very large and not my work, I'm still in the dark. ^^;

Thank you for your hints about the interrupt disabling and the variable cachability. They could be very helpful for me. For the tag, I meant the physical address field of the valid tag. Thank you again.

Regards,
JS.

-----Original Message-----
From: Kevin D. Kissell [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Monday, April 24, 2006 4:41 PM
To: Kim, Jong-Sung; [email protected]
Subject: Re: Reading an entire cacheline

Yes, your question was too brief the first time around - I couldn't tell what you were really asking. I'm still not 100% sure of what
you're doing, though. I don't want to sound insulting, but you're
disabling interrupts during this operation, right? And if you're copying the values into variables in memory, you're doing nothing but non-cached references, right? When you see the tags changing on you, which bits are changing, and what are they defined to mean?

Regards,

Kevin K.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Kim, Jong-Sung" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, April 24, 2006 9:23 AM
Subject: RE: Reading an entire cacheline

Quoted 8 lines

Hi all,

Was my question too brief? I'm using MIPS5Kf core included in a Broadcom implemented processor and it has a 32kB d-cache and a same sized i-cache. Cache configuration is 2-way, 32-byte cacheline for both d- and i-cache without L2 cache. Of course, MIPS-port Linux as the kernel for it. And, a onboard block device has problem in its operation. I don't think it's a kernel problem. So I wanna inspect the contents of cache RAMs at the

device

Quoted 18 lines

driver's context. I've added some lines of codes look like follow:

__asm__ __volatile__(
".set noreorder\n\t"
".set mips3\n\t"
"cache 5, 0x00(%3)\n\t" // load d-cache tag ".set mips0\n\t" // by index
".set mips32\n\t"
"mfc0 %0, $28, 0\n\t"
"mfc0 %1, $28, 1\n\t"
"mfc0 %2, $29, 1\n\t"
.set mips0\n\t"
.set reorder"
: "=r" (tag), "=r" (data_lo), "=r" (data_hi)
: "r" (0x80000000 | (way << 14) | (index << 5) | (word << 3))
);

Quoted 1 line

This is executed for every index, every way, and every word. The thing

aches

Quoted 2 lines

my head is the tags from a single cacheline differs. (very often for d-cache) So I modified the code to reread the cacheline from the first

word

Quoted 1 line

when the tag was modified before reading all four words. Then the code

never

Quoted 19 lines

return. I couldn't find any related information from manual.

Please give me a hint for reading whole cacheline safely.

-----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Kim, Jong-Sung
Sent: Tuesday, April 18, 2006 9:37 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Reading an entire cacheline

Hi,

Is there any way to read an entire cacheline from the MIPS5Kf? Four sequential cache instructions do similarly, but sometimes the tags from a same cacheline differ. How can I read a consistent cacheline safely?

Thanks.

#3 lore raw
In reply to Kim, Jong-Sung
Quoted 4 lines · Jong-Sung

Hi all,

Please look at following codes:

Quoted 8 lines

save_flags(flags);
cli();
__asm__ __volatile__(

	"	.set	noreorder\n"
	"	.set	mips32\n"
	"2:	.set	mips3\n"
	"	cache	5, 0x00(%12)\n"
	"	.set	mips0\n"

Irrelevant sidemark:
.set mips0 resets to the original value, not to mips32. You probably want

	.set	push
	.set	noreorder
	.set 	mips32

	... <the whole code sequence>

	.set	pop

[snip]

Quoted 12 lines
	//"	bne	%0, %9, 2b\n"
	"	.set	mips0\n"
	"	.set	reorder"
	: "=r" (tag[1][way][0]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][0]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][0]),
	  "=r" (tag[1][way][1]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][1]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][1]),
	  "=r" (tag[1][way][2]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][2]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][2]),
	  "=r" (tag[1][way][3]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][3]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][3])
	: "r" (0x80000000 | (way << 14) | (line << 5))
Quoted 1 line

);

And this part may cause the problem you are seeing, I presume datalo/datahi live in memory, and accesses of it change the dcache.

As Kevin mentioned, disassembling the binary might be helpful.

Thiemo

#4 lore raw
Quoted 15 lines

[snip]

Quoted 5 lines

//" bne %0, %9, 2b\n"
" .set mips0\n"
" .set reorder"
: "=r" (tag[1][way][0]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][0]),
"=r" (datahi[1][way][0]),

Quoted 8 lines

"=r" (tag[1][way][1]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][1]), "=r" (datahi[1][way][1]),
"=r" (tag[1][way][2]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][2]), "=r" (datahi[1][way][2]),
"=r" (tag[1][way][3]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][3]), "=r" (datahi[1][way][3])
: "r" (0x80000000 | (way << 14) | (line << 5)) );

Quoted 2 lines

And this part may cause the problem you are seeing, I presume datalo/datahi live in memory, and accesses of it change the dcache.

As I was hoping disassembly would demonstrate for you, declaring "=r" doesn't mean that the variable has no life outside a register.

Regards,

Kevin K.

#5 lore raw

Dear Mr. Kissell,

Thank you for your advices about disassembling. Please see:

1380: ...
1384: 00431025 or v0,v0,v1
1388: 00441025 or v0,v0,a0
138c: bc450000 cache 0x5,0(v0)
1390: 4002e000 mfc0 v0,c0_taglo
1394: 4003e001 mfc0 v1,c0_datalo
1398: 4004e801 mfc0 a0,c0_datahi
139c: bc450008 cache 0x5,8(v0)
13a0: 4005e000 mfc0 a1,c0_taglo
13a4: 4006e001 mfc0 a2,c0_datalo
13a8: 4007e801 mfc0 a3,c0_datahi
13ac: bc450010 cache 0x5,16(v0)
13b0: 4008e000 mfc0 t0,c0_taglo
13b4: 4009e001 mfc0 t1,c0_datalo
13b8: 400ae801 mfc0 t2,c0_datahi
13bc: bc450010 cache 0x5,16(v0)
13c0: 400be000 mfc0 t3,c0_taglo
13c4: 400ee001 mfc0 t6,c0_datalo
13c8: 400ce801 mfc0 t4,c0_datahi
13cc: ae020020 sw v0,32(s0)
13d0: ae030060 sw v1,96(s0)
13d4: ...

It seems no memory variable is accessed during the sequence. The obviously unexpected thing is the use of register v0. It should have the value of the index and should not be touched before the execution of the last cache instruction. In this way, tags read are doomed to be different.

It's my fault. So, I corrected the "=r" to be "=&r", and it seems work. Thank you again.

Regards,
JS.

-----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Kevin D. Kissell
Sent: Wednesday, April 26, 2006 8:25 PM
To: Kim, Jong-Sung; Thiemo Seufer
Cc: [email protected]
Subject: Re: Reading an entire cacheline

Quoted 15 lines

[snip]

Quoted 5 lines

//" bne %0, %9, 2b\n"
" .set mips0\n"
" .set reorder"
: "=r" (tag[1][way][0]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][0]),
"=r" (datahi[1][way][0]),

Quoted 8 lines

"=r" (tag[1][way][1]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][1]), "=r" (datahi[1][way][1]),
"=r" (tag[1][way][2]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][2]), "=r" (datahi[1][way][2]),
"=r" (tag[1][way][3]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][3]), "=r" (datahi[1][way][3])
: "r" (0x80000000 | (way << 14) | (line << 5)) );

Quoted 2 lines

And this part may cause the problem you are seeing, I presume datalo/datahi live in memory, and accesses of it change the dcache.

As I was hoping disassembly would demonstrate for you, declaring "=r" doesn't mean that the variable has no life outside a register.

Regards,

Kevin K.

#6 lore raw
In reply to Thiemo Seufer

Dear Mr. Seufer,

Thank you for your advice about directives. That's exactly what I meant. I have confused them with push/pop style operations. Thanks.

Regards,
JS.

-----Original Message-----
From: Thiemo Seufer [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Wednesday, April 26, 2006 7:16 PM
To: Kim, Jong-Sung
Cc: [email protected]
Subject: Re: Reading an entire cacheline

Quoted 4 lines · Jong-Sung

Hi all,

Please look at following codes:

Quoted 8 lines

save_flags(flags);
cli();
__asm__ __volatile__(

	"	.set	noreorder\n"
	"	.set	mips32\n"
	"2:	.set	mips3\n"
	"	cache	5, 0x00(%12)\n"
	"	.set	mips0\n"

Irrelevant sidemark:
.set mips0 resets to the original value, not to mips32. You probably want

	.set	push
	.set	noreorder
	.set 	mips32

	... <the whole code sequence>

	.set	pop

[snip]

Quoted 12 lines
	//"	bne	%0, %9, 2b\n"
	"	.set	mips0\n"
	"	.set	reorder"
	: "=r" (tag[1][way][0]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][0]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][0]),
	  "=r" (tag[1][way][1]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][1]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][1]),
	  "=r" (tag[1][way][2]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][2]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][2]),
	  "=r" (tag[1][way][3]), "=r" (datalo[1][way][3]),
	  "=r" (datahi[1][way][3])
	: "r" (0x80000000 | (way << 14) | (line << 5))
Quoted 1 line

);

And this part may cause the problem you are seeing, I presume datalo/datahi live in memory, and accesses of it change the dcache.

As Kevin mentioned, disassembling the binary might be helpful.

Thiemo