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i386 gdt and percpu cleanups

PATCH In review Jeremy Fitzhardinge 3 participants 13 messages Mar 31, 2007

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Arm (32-bit) PowerPC MIPS s390 +7 more subsystems
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#0 lore raw

cover i386 gdt and percpu cleanups

Hi Andi,

This is a series of patches based on your latest queue (as of the other day, at least).

It includes:
- the most recent patch to compute the appropriate amount of percpu space to allocate, using a separate reservation for modules where needed.
- make the percpu sections page-aligned, so that percpu variables can be page aligned if needed (which is used by gdt_page)
- page-align the gdt
- remove the pda and convert all pda usages into percpu variables (percpu variables still use the %fs prefix mechanism the pda used)
- some improvements to asm-i386/percpu.h to make asm access to percpu variables easy
- define per_cpu_offset in asm-i386/percpu.h, to match asm-generic/

Thanks,
J

#1 lore raw

PATCH 1/6 i386: Account for module percpu space separately from kernel percpu

Rather than using a single constant PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM, compute it as the sum of kernel_percpu + PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE. This is now common to all architectures; if an architecture wants to set PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM to something special, then it may do so (ia64 is the only one which does).

Cc Rusty Russell <[email protected]>
Cc Eric W. Biederman <[email protected]>
Cc Andi Kleen <[email protected]>
---
 include/asm-alpha/percpu.h   |   14 --------------
 include/asm-sparc64/percpu.h |   10 ----------
 include/asm-x86_64/percpu.h  |   10 ----------
 include/linux/percpu.h       |    9 ++++++++-
 init/main.c                  |    7 ++-----
 kernel/module.c              |    2 +-
 6 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)

===================================================================

include/asm-alpha/percpu.h +0 -14
@@ -1,19 +1,5 @@
 #ifndef __ALPHA_PERCPU_H
 #define __ALPHA_PERCPU_H
-
-/*
- * Increase the per cpu area for Alpha so that
- * modules using percpu area can load.
- */
-#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
-# define PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE 8192
-#else
-# define PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE 0
-#endif
-
-#define PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM \
-	(ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES) + \
-	 PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE)
 
 #include <asm-generic/percpu.h>
 

===================================================================

include/asm-sparc64/percpu.h +0 -10
@@ -4,16 +4,6 @@
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
-# define PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE 8192
-#else
-# define PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE 0
-#endif
-
-#define PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM \
-	(ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES) + \
-	 PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE)
 
 extern void setup_per_cpu_areas(void);
 

===================================================================

include/asm-x86_64/percpu.h +0 -10
@@ -10,16 +10,6 @@
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 
 #include <asm/pda.h>
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
-# define PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE 8192
-#else
-# define PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE 0
-#endif
-
-#define PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM \
-	(ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES) + \
-	 PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE)
 
 #define __per_cpu_offset(cpu) (cpu_pda(cpu)->data_offset)
 #define __my_cpu_offset() read_pda(data_offset)

===================================================================

include/linux/percpu.h +8 -1
@@ -11,8 +11,15 @@
 
 /* Enough to cover all DEFINE_PER_CPUs in kernel, including modules. */
 #ifndef PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM
-#define PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM 32768
+#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
+#define PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE	8192
+#else
+#define PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE	0
 #endif
+
+#define PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM						\
+	(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start + PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE)
+#endif	/* PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM */
 
 /*
  * Must be an lvalue. Since @var must be a simple identifier,

===================================================================

init/main.c +2 -5
@@ -369,11 +369,8 @@ static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(v
 	unsigned long nr_possible_cpus = num_possible_cpus();
 
 	/* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
-	size = ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
-#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
-	if (size < PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM)
-		size = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM;
-#endif
+
+	size = ALIGN(PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
 	ptr = alloc_bootmem(size * nr_possible_cpus);
 
 	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {

===================================================================

kernel/module.c +1 -1
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ static int percpu_modinit(void)
 	pcpu_size = kmalloc(sizeof(pcpu_size[0]) * pcpu_num_allocated,
 			    GFP_KERNEL);
 	/* Static in-kernel percpu data (used). */
-	pcpu_size[0] = -ALIGN(__per_cpu_end-__per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
+	pcpu_size[0] = -(__per_cpu_end-__per_cpu_start);
 	/* Free room. */
 	pcpu_size[1] = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM + pcpu_size[0];
 	if (pcpu_size[1] < 0) {
#2 lore raw

PATCH 2/6 Allow percpu variables to be page-aligned

In reply to Jeremy Fitzhardinge

Let's allow page-alignment in general for per-cpu data (wanted by Xen, and Ingo suggested KVM as well).

Because larger alignments can use more room, we increase the max per-cpu memory to 64k rather than 32k: it's getting a little tight.

---
 arch/alpha/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S   |    2 +-
 arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S     |    2 +-
 arch/cris/arch-v32/vmlinux.lds.S  |    1 +
 arch/frv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S     |    1 +
 arch/i386/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S    |    2 +-
 arch/m32r/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S    |    2 +-
 arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S    |    2 +-
 arch/parisc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S  |    2 +-
 arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c    |    4 ++--
 arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S |    6 +-----
 arch/ppc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S     |    2 +-
 arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S    |    2 +-
 arch/sh/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S      |    2 +-
 arch/sh64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S    |    2 +-
 arch/sparc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S   |    2 +-
 arch/sparc64/kernel/smp.c         |    6 +++---
 arch/x86_64/kernel/setup64.c      |    4 ++--
 arch/x86_64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S  |    2 +-
 arch/xtensa/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S  |    2 +-
 init/main.c                       |    4 ++--
 kernel/module.c                   |    8 ++++----
 21 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

===================================================================

arch/alpha/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ SECTIONS
   . = ALIGN(8);
   SECURITY_INIT
 
-  . = ALIGN(64);
+  . = ALIGN(8192);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ SECTIONS
 			usr/built-in.o(.init.ramfs)
 		__initramfs_end = .;
 #endif
-		. = ALIGN(64);
+		. = ALIGN(4096);
 		__per_cpu_start = .;
 			*(.data.percpu)
 		__per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/cris/arch-v32/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -0
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ SECTIONS
 	}
 	SECURITY_INIT
 
+	. =  ALIGN (8192);
 	__per_cpu_start = .;
 	.data.percpu  : { *(.data.percpu) }
 	__per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/frv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -0
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ SECTIONS
   __alt_instructions_end = .;
  .altinstr_replacement : { *(.altinstr_replacement) }
 
+  . = ALIGN(4096);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu  : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ SECTIONS
 	__initramfs_end = .;
   }
 #endif
-  . = ALIGN(L1_CACHE_BYTES);
+  . = ALIGN(4096);
   .data.percpu  : AT(ADDR(.data.percpu) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
 	__per_cpu_start = .;
 	*(.data.percpu)

===================================================================

arch/m32r/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ SECTIONS
   __initramfs_end = .;
 #endif
 
-  . = ALIGN(32);
+  . = ALIGN(4096);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu  : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ SECTIONS
   .init.ramfs : { *(.init.ramfs) }
   __initramfs_end = .;
 #endif
-  . = ALIGN(32);
+  . = ALIGN(_PAGE_SIZE);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu  : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/parisc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ SECTIONS
   .init.ramfs : { *(.init.ramfs) }
   __initramfs_end = .;
 #endif
-  . = ALIGN(32);
+  . = ALIGN(ASM_PAGE_SIZE);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu  : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c +2 -2
@@ -583,14 +583,14 @@ void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
 	char *ptr;
 
 	/* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
-	size = ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
+	size = ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, PAGE_SIZE);
 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
 	if (size < PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM)
 		size = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM;
 #endif
 
 	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
-		ptr = alloc_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(cpu_to_node(i)), size);
+		ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages_node(NODE_DATA(cpu_to_node(i)), size);
 		if (!ptr)
 			panic("Cannot allocate cpu data for CPU %d\n", i);
 

===================================================================

arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -5
@@ -139,11 +139,7 @@ SECTIONS
 		__initramfs_end = .;
 	}
 #endif
-#ifdef CONFIG_PPC32
-	. = ALIGN(32);
-#else
-	. = ALIGN(128);
-#endif
+	. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
 	.data.percpu : {
 		__per_cpu_start = .;
 		*(.data.percpu)

===================================================================

arch/ppc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ SECTIONS
   __ftr_fixup : { *(__ftr_fixup) }
   __stop___ftr_fixup = .;
 
-  . = ALIGN(32);
+  . = ALIGN(4096);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu  : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ SECTIONS
   . = ALIGN(2);
   __initramfs_end = .;
 #endif
-  . = ALIGN(256);
+  . = ALIGN(4096);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu  : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/sh/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ SECTIONS
   . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
   .data.page_aligned : { *(.data.page_aligned) }
 
-  . = ALIGN(L1_CACHE_BYTES);
+  . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/sh64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ SECTIONS
   . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
   .data.page_aligned : C_PHYS(.data.page_aligned) { *(.data.page_aligned) }
 
-  . = ALIGN(L1_CACHE_BYTES);
+  . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu : C_PHYS(.data.percpu) { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = . ;

===================================================================

arch/sparc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ SECTIONS
   __initramfs_end = .;
 #endif
 
-  . = ALIGN(32);
+  . = ALIGN(4096);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu  : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/sparc64/kernel/smp.c +3 -3
@@ -1449,11 +1449,11 @@ void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
 	/* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
 	goal = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM;
 
-	__per_cpu_shift = 0;
-	for (size = 1UL; size < goal; size <<= 1UL)
+	__per_cpu_shift = PAGE_SHIFT;
+	for (size = PAGE_SIZE; size < goal; size <<= 1UL)
 		__per_cpu_shift++;
 
-	ptr = alloc_bootmem(size * NR_CPUS);
+	ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(size * NR_CPUS);
 
 	__per_cpu_base = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
 

===================================================================

arch/x86_64/kernel/setup64.c +2 -2
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
 		if (!NODE_DATA(cpu_to_node(i))) {
 			printk("cpu with no node %d, num_online_nodes %d\n",
 			       i, num_online_nodes());
-			ptr = alloc_bootmem(size);
+			ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(size);
 		} else { 
-			ptr = alloc_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(cpu_to_node(i)), size);
+			ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages_node(NODE_DATA(cpu_to_node(i)), size);
 		}
 		if (!ptr)
 			panic("Cannot allocate cpu data for CPU %d\n", i);

===================================================================

arch/x86_64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ SECTIONS
   __initramfs_end = .;
 #endif
 
-    . = ALIGN(CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_BYTES);
+  . = ALIGN(4096);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu  : AT(ADDR(.data.percpu) - LOAD_OFFSET) { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

arch/xtensa/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +1 -1
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ SECTIONS
   __ftr_fixup : { *(__ftr_fixup) }
   __stop___ftr_fixup = .;
 
-  . = ALIGN(32);
+  . = ALIGN(4096);
   __per_cpu_start = .;
   .data.percpu  : { *(.data.percpu) }
   __per_cpu_end = .;

===================================================================

init/main.c +2 -2
@@ -370,8 +370,8 @@ static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(v
 
 	/* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
 
-	size = ALIGN(PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
-	ptr = alloc_bootmem(size * nr_possible_cpus);
+	size = ALIGN(PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM, PAGE_SIZE);
+	ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(size * nr_possible_cpus);
 
 	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
 		__per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;

===================================================================

kernel/module.c +4 -4
@@ -346,10 +346,10 @@ static void *percpu_modalloc(unsigned lo
 	unsigned int i;
 	void *ptr;
 
-	if (align > SMP_CACHE_BYTES) {
-		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: per-cpu alignment %li > %i\n",
-		       name, align, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
-		align = SMP_CACHE_BYTES;
+	if (align > PAGE_SIZE) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: per-cpu alignment %li > %li\n",
+		       name, align, PAGE_SIZE);
+		align = PAGE_SIZE;
 	}
 
 	ptr = __per_cpu_start;
#3 lore raw

PATCH 3/6 Page-align the GDT

In reply to Jeremy Fitzhardinge

Xen wants a dedicated page for the GDT. I believe VMI likes it too. lguest, KVM and native don't care.

Simple transformation to page-aligned "struct gdt_page".

---
 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/common.c |    6 +++---
 arch/i386/kernel/entry.S      |    2 +-
 arch/i386/kernel/head.S       |    2 +-
 arch/i386/kernel/traps.c      |    2 +-
 include/asm-i386/desc.h       |    9 +++++++--
 5 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/cpu/common.c +3 -3
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "cpu.h"
 
-DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct desc_struct, cpu_gdt[GDT_ENTRIES]) = {
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct gdt_page, gdt_page) = { .gdt = {
 	[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_CS] = { 0x0000ffff, 0x00cf9a00 },
 	[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_DS] = { 0x0000ffff, 0x00cf9200 },
 	[GDT_ENTRY_DEFAULT_USER_CS] = { 0x0000ffff, 0x00cffa00 },
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct desc_struct, cpu_g
 
 	[GDT_ENTRY_ESPFIX_SS] = { 0x00000000, 0x00c09200 },
 	[GDT_ENTRY_PDA] = { 0x00000000, 0x00c09200 }, /* set in setup_pda */
-};
-EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL_GPL(cpu_gdt);
+} };
+EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL_GPL(gdt_page);
 
 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct i386_pda, _cpu_pda) = {
 	._pda = &per_cpu___cpu_pda,

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/entry.S +1 -1
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ END(syscall_badsys)
 #define FIXUP_ESPFIX_STACK \
 	/* since we are on a wrong stack, we cant make it a C code :( */ \
 	movl %fs:PDA_cpu, %ebx; \
-	PER_CPU(cpu_gdt, %ebx); \
+	PER_CPU(gdt_page, %ebx); \
 	GET_DESC_BASE(GDT_ENTRY_ESPFIX_SS, %ebx, %eax, %ax, %al, %ah); \
 	addl %esp, %eax; \
 	pushl $__KERNEL_DS; \

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/head.S +1 -1
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ idt_descr:
 	.word 0				# 32 bit align gdt_desc.address
 ENTRY(early_gdt_descr)
 	.word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
-	.long per_cpu__cpu_gdt		/* Overwritten for secondary CPUs */
+	.long per_cpu__gdt_page		/* Overwritten for secondary CPUs */
 
 /*
  * The boot_gdt_table must mirror the equivalent in setup.S and is

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/traps.c +1 -1
@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ fastcall unsigned long patch_espfix_desc
 fastcall unsigned long patch_espfix_desc(unsigned long uesp,
 					  unsigned long kesp)
 {
-	struct desc_struct *gdt = __get_cpu_var(cpu_gdt);
+	struct desc_struct *gdt = __get_cpu_var(gdt_page).gdt;
 	unsigned long base = (kesp - uesp) & -THREAD_SIZE;
 	unsigned long new_kesp = kesp - base;
 	unsigned long lim_pages = (new_kesp | (THREAD_SIZE - 1)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/desc.h +7 -2
@@ -18,10 +18,15 @@ struct Xgt_desc_struct {
 	unsigned short pad;
 } __attribute__ ((packed));
 
-DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct desc_struct, cpu_gdt[GDT_ENTRIES]);
+struct gdt_page
+{
+	struct desc_struct gdt[GDT_ENTRIES];
+} __attribute__((aligned(PAGE_SIZE)));
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct gdt_page, gdt_page);
+
 static inline struct desc_struct *get_cpu_gdt_table(unsigned int cpu)
 {
-	return per_cpu(cpu_gdt, cpu);
+	return per_cpu(gdt_page, cpu).gdt;
 }
 
 extern struct Xgt_desc_struct idt_descr;
#4 lore raw

PATCH 4/6 Convert PDA into the percpu section

In reply to Jeremy Fitzhardinge

Currently x86 (similar to x84-64) has a special per-cpu structure called "i386_pda" which can be easily and efficiently referenced via the %fs register. An ELF section is more flexible than a structure, allowing any piece of code to use this area. Indeed, such a section already exists: the per-cpu area.

So this patch:
(1) Removes the PDA and uses per-cpu variables for each current member.
(2) Replaces the __KERNEL_PDA segment with __KERNEL_PERCPU.
(3) Creates a per-cpu mirror of __per_cpu_offset called this_cpu_off, which can be used to calculate addresses for this CPU's variables.
(4) Simplifies startup, because %fs doesn't need to be loaded with a special segment at early boot; it can be deferred until the first percpu area is allocated (or never for UP).

The result is less code and one less x86-specific concept.

---
 arch/i386/kernel/asm-offsets.c |    5 -
 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/common.c  |   17 -----
 arch/i386/kernel/entry.S       |    5 -
 arch/i386/kernel/head.S        |   31 +--------
 arch/i386/kernel/i386_ksyms.c  |    2 
 arch/i386/kernel/irq.c         |    3 
 arch/i386/kernel/process.c     |   12 ++-
 arch/i386/kernel/smpboot.c     |   34 ++++------
 arch/i386/kernel/vmi.c         |    6 -
 arch/i386/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S |    1 
 include/asm-i386/current.h     |    5 -
 include/asm-i386/irq_regs.h    |   12 ++-
 include/asm-i386/pda.h         |   99 ------------------------------
 include/asm-i386/percpu.h      |  132 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 include/asm-i386/processor.h   |    2 
 include/asm-i386/segment.h     |    6 -
 include/asm-i386/smp.h         |    4 -
 17 files changed, 179 insertions(+), 197 deletions(-)

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/asm-offsets.c +0 -5
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include <asm/processor.h>
 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
 #include <asm/elf.h>
-#include <asm/pda.h>
 
 #define DEFINE(sym, val) \
         asm volatile("\n->" #sym " %0 " #val : : "i" (val))
@@ -101,10 +100,6 @@ void foo(void)
 
 	OFFSET(crypto_tfm_ctx_offset, crypto_tfm, __crt_ctx);
 
-	BLANK();
- 	OFFSET(PDA_cpu, i386_pda, cpu_number);
-	OFFSET(PDA_pcurrent, i386_pda, pcurrent);
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
 	BLANK();
 	OFFSET(PARAVIRT_enabled, paravirt_ops, paravirt_enabled);

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/cpu/common.c +3 -14
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include <asm/apic.h>
 #include <mach_apic.h>
 #endif
-#include <asm/pda.h>
 
 #include "cpu.h"
 
@@ -47,12 +46,9 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct gdt_page, gdt_page
 	[GDT_ENTRY_APMBIOS_BASE+2] = { 0x0000ffff, 0x00409200 }, /* data */
 
 	[GDT_ENTRY_ESPFIX_SS] = { 0x00000000, 0x00c09200 },
-	[GDT_ENTRY_PDA] = { 0x00000000, 0x00c09200 }, /* set in setup_pda */
+	[GDT_ENTRY_PERCPU] = { 0x00000000, 0x00000000 },
 } };
 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL_GPL(gdt_page);
-
-DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct i386_pda, _cpu_pda);
-EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(_cpu_pda);
 
 static int cachesize_override __cpuinitdata = -1;
 static int disable_x86_fxsr __cpuinitdata;
@@ -627,20 +623,13 @@ void __init early_cpu_init(void)
 #endif
 }
 
-/* Make sure %gs is initialized properly in idle threads */
+/* Make sure %fs is initialized properly in idle threads */
 struct pt_regs * __devinit idle_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
 	memset(regs, 0, sizeof(struct pt_regs));
-	regs->xfs = __KERNEL_PDA;
+	regs->xfs = __KERNEL_PERCPU;
 	return regs;
 }
-
-/* Initial PDA used by boot CPU */
-struct i386_pda boot_pda = {
-	._pda = &boot_pda,
-	.cpu_number = 0,
-	.pcurrent = &init_task,
-};
 
 /*
  * cpu_init() initializes state that is per-CPU. Some data is already

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/entry.S +2 -3
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ 1:
 	movl $(__USER_DS), %edx; \
 	movl %edx, %ds; \
 	movl %edx, %es; \
-	movl $(__KERNEL_PDA), %edx; \
+	movl $(__KERNEL_PERCPU), %edx; \
 	movl %edx, %fs
 
 #define RESTORE_INT_REGS \
@@ -560,7 +560,6 @@ END(syscall_badsys)
 
 #define FIXUP_ESPFIX_STACK \
 	/* since we are on a wrong stack, we cant make it a C code :( */ \
-	movl %fs:PDA_cpu, %ebx; \
 	PER_CPU(gdt_page, %ebx); \
 	GET_DESC_BASE(GDT_ENTRY_ESPFIX_SS, %ebx, %eax, %ax, %al, %ah); \
 	addl %esp, %eax; \
@@ -685,7 +684,7 @@ error_code:
 	pushl %fs
 	CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET 4
 	/*CFI_REL_OFFSET fs, 0*/
-	movl $(__KERNEL_PDA), %ecx
+	movl $(__KERNEL_PERCPU), %ecx
 	movl %ecx, %fs
 	UNWIND_ESPFIX_STACK
 	popl %ecx

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/head.S +6 -25
@@ -317,12 +317,12 @@ 2:	movl %cr0,%eax
 	movl %eax,%cr0
 
 	call check_x87
-	call setup_pda
 	lgdt early_gdt_descr
 	lidt idt_descr
 	ljmp $(__KERNEL_CS),$1f
 1:	movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax	# reload all the segment registers
 	movl %eax,%ss			# after changing gdt.
+	movl %eax,%fs			# gets reset once there's real percpu
 
 	movl $(__USER_DS),%eax		# DS/ES contains default USER segment
 	movl %eax,%ds
@@ -331,9 +331,6 @@ 1:	movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax	# reload all
 	xorl %eax,%eax			# Clear GS and LDT
 	movl %eax,%gs
 	lldt %ax
-
-	movl $(__KERNEL_PDA),%eax
-	mov  %eax,%fs
 
 	cld			# gcc2 wants the direction flag cleared at all times
 	pushl $0		# fake return address for unwinder
@@ -341,7 +338,11 @@ 1:	movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax	# reload all
 	movb ready, %cl
 	movb $1, ready
 	cmpb $0,%cl		# the first CPU calls start_kernel
-	jne initialize_secondary # all other CPUs call initialize_secondary
+	je   1f
+	movl $(__KERNEL_PERCPU), %eax
+	movl %eax,%fs		# set this cpu's percpu
+	jmp initialize_secondary # all other CPUs call initialize_secondary
+1:
 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
 	jmp start_kernel
 
@@ -362,23 +363,6 @@ check_x87:
 	ALIGN
 1:	movb $1,X86_HARD_MATH
 	.byte 0xDB,0xE4		/* fsetpm for 287, ignored by 387 */
-	ret
-
-/*
- * Point the GDT at this CPU's PDA.  On boot this will be
- * cpu_gdt_table and boot_pda; for secondary CPUs, these will be
- * that CPU's GDT and PDA.
- */
-ENTRY(setup_pda)
-	/* get the PDA pointer */
-	movl start_pda, %eax
-
-	/* slot the PDA address into the GDT */
-	mov early_gdt_descr+2, %ecx
-	mov %ax, (__KERNEL_PDA+0+2)(%ecx)		/* base & 0x0000ffff */
-	shr $16, %eax
-	mov %al, (__KERNEL_PDA+4+0)(%ecx)		/* base & 0x00ff0000 */
-	mov %ah, (__KERNEL_PDA+4+3)(%ecx)		/* base & 0xff000000 */
 	ret
 
 /*
@@ -553,9 +537,6 @@ ENTRY(empty_zero_page)
  * This starts the data section.
  */
 .data
-ENTRY(start_pda)
-	.long boot_pda
-
 ENTRY(stack_start)
 	.long init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE
 	.long __BOOT_DS

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/i386_ksyms.c +0 -2
@@ -28,5 +28,3 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(__read_lock_failed);
 #endif
 
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(csum_partial);
-
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(_proxy_pda);

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/irq.c +3 -0
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@
 
 DEFINE_PER_CPU(irq_cpustat_t, irq_stat) ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(irq_stat);
+
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct pt_regs *, irq_regs);
+EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(irq_regs);
 
 /*
  * 'what should we do if we get a hw irq event on an illegal vector'.

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/process.c +9 -3
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #include <linux/random.h>
 #include <linux/personality.h>
 #include <linux/tick.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
 
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
@@ -57,7 +58,6 @@
 
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 #include <asm/cpu.h>
-#include <asm/pda.h>
 
 asmlinkage void ret_from_fork(void) __asm__("ret_from_fork");
 
@@ -65,6 +65,12 @@ static int hlt_counter;
 
 unsigned long boot_option_idle_override = 0;
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_option_idle_override);
+
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct task_struct *, current_task) = &init_task;
+EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(current_task);
+
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, cpu_number);
+EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(cpu_number);
 
 /*
  * Return saved PC of a blocked thread.
@@ -343,7 +349,7 @@ int kernel_thread(int (*fn)(void *), voi
 
 	regs.xds = __USER_DS;
 	regs.xes = __USER_DS;
-	regs.xfs = __KERNEL_PDA;
+	regs.xfs = __KERNEL_PERCPU;
 	regs.orig_eax = -1;
 	regs.eip = (unsigned long) kernel_thread_helper;
 	regs.xcs = __KERNEL_CS | get_kernel_rpl();
@@ -712,7 +718,7 @@ struct task_struct fastcall * __switch_t
 	if (prev->gs | next->gs)
 		loadsegment(gs, next->gs);
 
-	write_pda(pcurrent, next_p);
+	x86_write_percpu(current_task, next_p);
 
 	return prev_p;
 }

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/smpboot.c +16 -18
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
 #include <asm/desc.h>
 #include <asm/arch_hooks.h>
 #include <asm/nmi.h>
-#include <asm/pda.h>
 
 #include <mach_apic.h>
 #include <mach_wakecpu.h>
@@ -98,6 +97,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(x86_cpu_to_apicid);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(x86_cpu_to_apicid);
 
 u8 apicid_2_node[MAX_APICID];
+
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, this_cpu_off);
+EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(this_cpu_off);
 
 /*
  * Trampoline 80x86 program as an array.
@@ -456,7 +458,6 @@ extern struct {
 	void * esp;
 	unsigned short ss;
 } stack_start;
-extern struct i386_pda *start_pda;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
 
@@ -784,20 +785,17 @@ static inline struct task_struct * alloc
 /* Initialize the CPU's GDT.  This is either the boot CPU doing itself
    (still using the master per-cpu area), or a CPU doing it for a
    secondary which will soon come up. */
-static __cpuinit void init_gdt(int cpu, struct task_struct *idle)
+static __cpuinit void init_gdt(int cpu)
 {
 	struct desc_struct *gdt = get_cpu_gdt_table(cpu);
-	struct i386_pda *pda = &per_cpu(_cpu_pda, cpu);
-
-	pack_descriptor((u32 *)&gdt[GDT_ENTRY_PDA].a,
-			(u32 *)&gdt[GDT_ENTRY_PDA].b,
-			(unsigned long)pda, sizeof(*pda) - 1,
-			0x80 | DESCTYPE_S | 0x2, 0); /* present read-write data segment */
-
-	memset(pda, 0, sizeof(*pda));
-	pda->_pda = pda;
-	pda->cpu_number = cpu;
-	pda->pcurrent = idle;
+
+	pack_descriptor((u32 *)&gdt[GDT_ENTRY_PERCPU].a,
+			(u32 *)&gdt[GDT_ENTRY_PERCPU].b,
+			__per_cpu_offset[cpu], 0xFFFFF,
+			0x80 | DESCTYPE_S | 0x2, 0x8);
+
+	per_cpu(this_cpu_off, cpu) = __per_cpu_offset[cpu];
+	per_cpu(cpu_number, cpu) = cpu;
 }
 
 /* Defined in head.S */
@@ -824,9 +822,9 @@ static int __cpuinit do_boot_cpu(int api
 	if (IS_ERR(idle))
 		panic("failed fork for CPU %d", cpu);
 
-	init_gdt(cpu, idle);
+	init_gdt(cpu);
+ 	per_cpu(current_task, cpu) = idle;
 	early_gdt_descr.address = (unsigned long)get_cpu_gdt_table(cpu);
-	start_pda = cpu_pda(cpu);
 
 	idle->thread.eip = (unsigned long) start_secondary;
 	/* start_eip had better be page-aligned! */
@@ -1188,14 +1186,14 @@ static inline void switch_to_new_gdt(voi
 	gdt_descr.address = (long)get_cpu_gdt_table(smp_processor_id());
 	gdt_descr.size = GDT_SIZE - 1;
 	load_gdt(&gdt_descr);
-	asm volatile ("mov %0, %%fs" : : "r" (__KERNEL_PDA) : "memory");
+	asm("mov %0, %%fs" : : "r" (__KERNEL_PERCPU) : "memory");
 }
 
 void __init native_smp_prepare_boot_cpu(void)
 {
 	unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 
-	init_gdt(cpu, current);
+	init_gdt(cpu);
 	switch_to_new_gdt();
 
 	cpu_set(cpu, cpu_online_map);

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/vmi.c +1 -5
@@ -524,8 +524,6 @@ static void vmi_pmd_clear(pmd_t *pmd)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-extern void setup_pda(void);
-
 static void __devinit
 vmi_startup_ipi_hook(int phys_apicid, unsigned long start_eip,
 		     unsigned long start_esp)
@@ -550,12 +548,10 @@ vmi_startup_ipi_hook(int phys_apicid, un
 
 	ap.ds = __USER_DS;
 	ap.es = __USER_DS;
-	ap.fs = __KERNEL_PDA;
+	ap.fs = __KERNEL_PERCPU;
 	ap.gs = 0;
 
 	ap.eflags = 0;
-
-	setup_pda();
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
 	/* efer should match BSP efer. */

===================================================================

arch/i386/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +0 -1
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
 OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
 ENTRY(phys_startup_32)
 jiffies = jiffies_64;
-_proxy_pda = 0;
 
 PHDRS {
 	text PT_LOAD FLAGS(5);	/* R_E */

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/current.h +3 -2
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 #ifndef _I386_CURRENT_H
 #define _I386_CURRENT_H
 
-#include <asm/pda.h>
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
+#include <asm/percpu.h>
 
 struct task_struct;
 
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct task_struct *, current_task);
 static __always_inline struct task_struct *get_current(void)
 {
-	return read_pda(pcurrent);
+	return x86_read_percpu(current_task);
 }
  
 #define current get_current()

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/irq_regs.h +7 -5
@@ -1,25 +1,27 @@
 /*
  * Per-cpu current frame pointer - the location of the last exception frame on
- * the stack, stored in the PDA.
+ * the stack, stored in the per-cpu area.
  *
  * Jeremy Fitzhardinge <[email protected]>
  */
 #ifndef _ASM_I386_IRQ_REGS_H
 #define _ASM_I386_IRQ_REGS_H
 
-#include <asm/pda.h>
+#include <asm/percpu.h>
+
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct pt_regs *, irq_regs);
 
 static inline struct pt_regs *get_irq_regs(void)
 {
-	return read_pda(irq_regs);
+	return x86_read_percpu(irq_regs);
 }
 
 static inline struct pt_regs *set_irq_regs(struct pt_regs *new_regs)
 {
 	struct pt_regs *old_regs;
 
-	old_regs = read_pda(irq_regs);
-	write_pda(irq_regs, new_regs);
+	old_regs = get_irq_regs();
+	x86_write_percpu(irq_regs, new_regs);
 
 	return old_regs;
 }

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/pda.h deleted +0 -99

99 lines not on this page · raw message

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/percpu.h +123 -9

146 lines not on this page · raw message

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/processor.h +1 -1
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ struct thread_struct {
 	.vm86_info = NULL,						\
 	.sysenter_cs = __KERNEL_CS,					\
 	.io_bitmap_ptr = NULL,						\
-	.fs = __KERNEL_PDA,						\
+	.fs = __KERNEL_PERCPU,						\
 }
 
 /*

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/segment.h +3 -3
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
  *  25 - APM BIOS support 
  *
  *  26 - ESPFIX small SS
- *  27 - PDA				[ per-cpu private data area ]
+ *  27 - per-cpu			[ offset to per-cpu data area ]
  *  28 - unused
  *  29 - unused
  *  30 - unused
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@
 #define GDT_ENTRY_ESPFIX_SS		(GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_BASE + 14)
 #define __ESPFIX_SS (GDT_ENTRY_ESPFIX_SS * 8)
 
-#define GDT_ENTRY_PDA			(GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_BASE + 15)
-#define __KERNEL_PDA (GDT_ENTRY_PDA * 8)
+#define GDT_ENTRY_PERCPU			(GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_BASE + 15)
+#define __KERNEL_PERCPU (GDT_ENTRY_PERCPU * 8)
 
 #define GDT_ENTRY_DOUBLEFAULT_TSS	31
 

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/smp.h +2 -2
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/threads.h>
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
-#include <asm/pda.h>
 #endif
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC) && !defined(__ASSEMBLY__)
@@ -112,7 +111,8 @@ do { } while (0)
  * from the initial startup. We map APIC_BASE very early in page_setup(),
  * so this is correct in the x86 case.
  */
-#define raw_smp_processor_id() (read_pda(cpu_number))
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(int, cpu_number);
+#define raw_smp_processor_id() (x86_read_percpu(cpu_number))
 
 extern cpumask_t cpu_callout_map;
 extern cpumask_t cpu_callin_map;
#5 lore raw

Re: [patch 4/6] Convert PDA into the percpu section

Quoted 5 lines · Jeremy Fitzhardinge

Currently x86 (similar to x84-64) has a special per-cpu structure called "i386_pda" which can be easily and efficiently referenced via the %fs register. An ELF section is more flexible than a structure, allowing any piece of code to use this area. Indeed, such a section already exists: the per-cpu area.

Hmm, I'm a little reluctant. This moves i386 more away from x86-64 again. If we ever merge them it would mean more work. Do you really need it?

-Andi

#6 lore raw

Re: [patch 4/6] Convert PDA into the percpu section

Quoted 9 lines · Andi Kleen
Quoted 5 lines · Jeremy Fitzhardinge

Currently x86 (similar to x84-64) has a special per-cpu structure called "i386_pda" which can be easily and efficiently referenced via the %fs register. An ELF section is more flexible than a structure, allowing any piece of code to use this area. Indeed, such a section already exists: the per-cpu area.

Hmm, I'm a little reluctant. This moves i386 more away from x86-64 again. If we ever merge them it would mean more work. Do you really need it?

Well, I think the merge should go the other way in this case: this really does simplify things.

The only thing stopping x86-64 from doing the same as i386 is the stack-protector stuff. And that can be fixed (unfortunately requires a gcc patch to change the %gs:40 to %gs:__gcc_stack_protector_offset and emit a weak absolute symbol __gss_stack_protector_offset = 40).

I shall prepare a patch for that next week; I've been busy Kleening up lguest 8)

Rusty.

#7 lore raw

Re: [patch 4/6] Convert PDA into the percpu section

In reply to Andi Kleen
Quoted 11 lines · Andi Kleen
Quoted 6 lines · Jeremy Fitzhardinge

Currently x86 (similar to x84-64) has a special per-cpu structure called "i386_pda" which can be easily and efficiently referenced via the %fs register. An ELF section is more flexible than a structure, allowing any piece of code to use this area. Indeed, such a section already exists: the per-cpu area.

Hmm, I'm a little reluctant. This moves i386 more away from x86-64 again. If we ever merge them it would mean more work. Do you really need it?

It cleans things up a fair bit:

1. At initialization, it doesn't require %fs to be loaded before being able to use per-cpu variables, since you can use percpu with %fs set to a plain 0-based 4G segment; you can defer initialization until SMP bringup (which is never on a UP kernel). PDA requires %fs to be specially set up to point to an initial PDA, which includes setting up a gdt entry, generally before C code is run. For paravirtualized boot, this setup needs to be replicated by each hypervisor startup sequence; without the PDA, it becomes a non-issue (especially since hypervisors typically start up with %fs as a flat segment anyway). Overall, both UP and SMP boot is simpler and less fragile.
2. Adding things to the pda requires changing <asm/pda.h>, which often means including extra headers to allow added definitions. Since pda.h is used to implement things like "current" and "smp_processor_id", it gets included everywhere. Any header included in <asm/pda.h> effectively gets included everywhere in the kernel. Also, it turns pda.h into a concentrated nest of patch conflicts. percpu requires no central modifications to add a new percpu variable.
3. There's no disadvantage to using a percpu at all, especially if you can use the x86_*_percpu functions which allow direct access to the variable via %fs. If one construct will do, why have two? Removing the pda removes quite a bit of unnecessary code.
4. I think, ultimately, it would be better to migrate x86_64 away from using the pda to all percpu too, though this has some tricky bits for now.

Certainly, not having this patch at this stage will require me to rework quite a few of the later patches. I was going to put off sending out this patch until later, but reworking everything to work both with pda and percpu was so fragile and tricky-bug-prone that I decided to push it early and save myself a lot of work.

J

#8 lore raw

PATCH 5/6 cleanups to help using per-cpu variables from asm

In reply to Jeremy Fitzhardinge

This patch does a few small cleanups:
- use PER_CPU_NAME to generate the names of per-cpu variables
- use lea to add the per_cpu offset in PER_CPU(), because it doesn't affect condition flags
- add PER_CPU_VAR which allows direct access to pre-cpu variables with the %fs: prefix on SMP.

---
 include/asm-i386/percpu.h |   12 +++++++-----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/percpu.h +7 -5
@@ -16,12 +16,14 @@
  *    PER_CPU(cpu_gdt_descr, %ebx)
  */
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+#define PER_CPU(var, reg)				\
+	movl %fs:per_cpu__##this_cpu_off, reg;		\
+	lea per_cpu__##var(reg), reg
+#define PER_CPU_VAR(var)	%fs:per_cpu__##var
+#else /* ! SMP */
 #define PER_CPU(var, reg)			\
-	movl %fs:per_cpu__this_cpu_off, reg;		\
-	addl $per_cpu__##var, reg
-#else /* ! SMP */
-#define PER_CPU(var, reg) \
-	movl $per_cpu__##var, reg;
+	movl $per_cpu__##var, reg
+#define PER_CPU_VAR(var)	per_cpu__##var
 #endif	/* SMP */
 
 #else /* ...!ASSEMBLY */
#9 lore raw

PATCH 6/6 Define per_cpu_offset

In reply to Jeremy Fitzhardinge

Define per_cpu_offset in asm-i386/percpu.h when SMP defined, like asm-generic/percpu.h does for UP.

---
 include/asm-i386/percpu.h |    2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

===================================================================

include/asm-i386/percpu.h +2 -0
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
 
 /* This is used for other cpus to find our section. */
 extern unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[];
+
+#define per_cpu_offset(x) (__per_cpu_offset[x])
 
 /* Separate out the type, so (int[3], foo) works. */
 #define DECLARE_PER_CPU(type, name) extern __typeof__(type) per_cpu__##name
#10 lore raw
In reply to Jeremy Fitzhardinge
Quoted 2 lines

- some improvements to asm-i386/percpu.h to make asm access to percpu variables easy

One nitpick: I'd really like PER_CPU() renamed to PER_CPU_ADDR(). That's a separate patch, but I think would be far clearer.

Thanks,
Rusty.

#11 lore raw
Quoted 3 lines · Rusty Russell

One nitpick: I'd really like PER_CPU() renamed to PER_CPU_ADDR(). That's a separate patch, but I think would be far clearer.

Seems pretty simple, given that it has precisely one use.

J

#12 lore raw
In reply to Jeremy Fitzhardinge
Quoted 3 lines · Jeremy Fitzhardinge

This is a series of patches based on your latest queue (as of the other day, at least).

BTW, the From: line attributions got dropped from a few of these. These:

Allow percpu variables to be page-aligned
Page-align the GDT

should be From: Rusty. He did most of the work on the others, but I changed them enough that he shouldn't be saddled with the blame when things break ;)

J