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split inode_wb_list_lock into bdi_writeback.list_lock

PATCH In review Wu Fengguang 3 participants 8 messages Apr 26, 2011 – May 4, 2011

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#0 lore raw

PATCH 1/2 split inode_wb_list_lock into bdi_writeback.list_lock

From: Christoph Hellwig <[email protected]>

Split the global inode_wb_list_lock into a per-bdi_writeback list_lock, as it's currently the most contended lock in the system for metadata heavy workloads. I won't help for single-filesystem workloads for which we'll need the I/O-less balance_dirty_pages, but at least we can dedicate a cpu to spinning on each bdi now for larger systems.

Based on earlier patches from Nick Piggin and Dave Chinner.

It reduces lock contentions to 1/4 in this test case:
10 HDD JBOD, 100 dd on each disk, XFS, 6GB ram.

lock_stat version 0.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class name con-bounces contentions waittime-min waittime-max waittime-total acq-bounces acquisitions holdtime-min holdtime-max holdtime-total
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vanilla 2.6.39-rc3:

                      inode_wb_list_lock:         42590          44433           0.12         147.74      144127.35         252274         886792           0.08         121.34      917211.23
                      ------------------
                      inode_wb_list_lock              2          [<ffffffff81165da5>] bdev_inode_switch_bdi+0x29/0x85
                      inode_wb_list_lock             34          [<ffffffff8115bd0b>] inode_wb_list_del+0x22/0x49
                      inode_wb_list_lock          12893          [<ffffffff8115bb53>] __mark_inode_dirty+0x170/0x1d0
                      inode_wb_list_lock          10702          [<ffffffff8115afef>] writeback_single_inode+0x16d/0x20a
                      ------------------
                      inode_wb_list_lock              2          [<ffffffff81165da5>] bdev_inode_switch_bdi+0x29/0x85
                      inode_wb_list_lock             19          [<ffffffff8115bd0b>] inode_wb_list_del+0x22/0x49
                      inode_wb_list_lock           5550          [<ffffffff8115bb53>] __mark_inode_dirty+0x170/0x1d0
                      inode_wb_list_lock           8511          [<ffffffff8115b4ad>] writeback_sb_inodes+0x10f/0x157

2.6.39-rc3 + patch:

                &(&wb->list_lock)->rlock:         11383          11657           0.14         151.69       40429.51          90825         527918           0.11         145.90      556843.37
                ------------------------
                &(&wb->list_lock)->rlock             10          [<ffffffff8115b189>] inode_wb_list_del+0x5f/0x86
                &(&wb->list_lock)->rlock           1493          [<ffffffff8115b1ed>] writeback_inodes_wb+0x3d/0x150
                &(&wb->list_lock)->rlock           3652          [<ffffffff8115a8e9>] writeback_sb_inodes+0x123/0x16f
                &(&wb->list_lock)->rlock           1412          [<ffffffff8115a38e>] writeback_single_inode+0x17f/0x223
                ------------------------
                &(&wb->list_lock)->rlock              3          [<ffffffff8110b5af>] bdi_lock_two+0x46/0x4b
                &(&wb->list_lock)->rlock              6          [<ffffffff8115b189>] inode_wb_list_del+0x5f/0x86
                &(&wb->list_lock)->rlock           2061          [<ffffffff8115af97>] __mark_inode_dirty+0x173/0x1cf
                &(&wb->list_lock)->rlock           2629          [<ffffffff8115a8e9>] writeback_sb_inodes+0x123/0x16f
---
 fs/block_dev.c              |    7 +-
 fs/fs-writeback.c           |   97 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 fs/inode.c                  |    5 -
 include/linux/backing-dev.h |    2 
 include/linux/writeback.h   |    2 
 mm/backing-dev.c            |   21 +++++--
 mm/filemap.c                |    6 +-
 mm/rmap.c                   |    4 -
 8 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)
fs/block_dev.c +5 -2
@@ -55,13 +55,16 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(I_BDEV);
 static void bdev_inode_switch_bdi(struct inode *inode,
 			struct backing_dev_info *dst)
 {
-	spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+	struct backing_dev_info *old = inode->i_data.backing_dev_info;
+
+	bdi_lock_two(&old->wb, &dst->wb);
 	spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
 	inode->i_data.backing_dev_info = dst;
 	if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY)
 		list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &dst->wb.b_dirty);
 	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-	spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&old->wb.list_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&dst->wb.list_lock);
 }
 
 static sector_t max_block(struct block_device *bdev)
fs/fs-writeback.c +49 -48

301 lines not on this page · raw message

fs/inode.c +2 -3
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
  *   inode_lru, inode->i_lru
  * inode_sb_list_lock protects:
  *   sb->s_inodes, inode->i_sb_list
- * inode_wb_list_lock protects:
+ * bdi->wb.list_lock protects:
  *   bdi->wb.b_{dirty,io,more_io}, inode->i_wb_list
  * inode_hash_lock protects:
  *   inode_hashtable, inode->i_hash
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
  *   inode->i_lock
  *     inode_lru_lock
  *
- * inode_wb_list_lock
+ * bdi->wb.list_lock
  *   inode->i_lock
  *
  * inode_hash_lock
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@ static LIST_HEAD(inode_lru);
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(inode_lru_lock);
 
 __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(inode_sb_list_lock);
-__cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(inode_wb_list_lock);
 
 /*
  * iprune_sem provides exclusion between the icache shrinking and the
include/linux/backing-dev.h +2 -0
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ struct bdi_writeback {
 	struct list_head b_dirty;	/* dirty inodes */
 	struct list_head b_io;		/* parked for writeback */
 	struct list_head b_more_io;	/* parked for more writeback */
+	spinlock_t list_lock;		/* protects the b_* lists */
 };
 
 struct backing_dev_info {
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ int bdi_writeback_thread(void *data);
 int bdi_has_dirty_io(struct backing_dev_info *bdi);
 void bdi_arm_supers_timer(void);
 void bdi_wakeup_thread_delayed(struct backing_dev_info *bdi);
+void bdi_lock_two(struct bdi_writeback *wb1, struct bdi_writeback *wb2);
 
 extern spinlock_t bdi_lock;
 extern struct list_head bdi_list;
include/linux/writeback.h +0 -2
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
 
 struct backing_dev_info;
 
-extern spinlock_t inode_wb_list_lock;
-
 /*
  * fs/fs-writeback.c
  */
mm/backing-dev.c +17 -4
@@ -45,6 +45,17 @@ static struct timer_list sync_supers_tim
 static int bdi_sync_supers(void *);
 static void sync_supers_timer_fn(unsigned long);
 
+void bdi_lock_two(struct bdi_writeback *wb1, struct bdi_writeback *wb2)
+{
+	if (wb1 < wb2) {
+		spin_lock(&wb1->list_lock);
+		spin_lock_nested(&wb2->list_lock, 1);
+	} else {
+		spin_lock(&wb2->list_lock);
+		spin_lock_nested(&wb1->list_lock, 1);
+	}
+}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
@@ -67,14 +78,14 @@ static int bdi_debug_stats_show(struct s
 	struct inode *inode;
 
 	nr_wb = nr_dirty = nr_io = nr_more_io = 0;
-	spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+	spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
 	list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_dirty, i_wb_list)
 		nr_dirty++;
 	list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_io, i_wb_list)
 		nr_io++;
 	list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_more_io, i_wb_list)
 		nr_more_io++;
-	spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
 
 	global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
 	bdi_thresh = bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, dirty_thresh);
@@ -628,6 +639,7 @@ static void bdi_wb_init(struct bdi_write
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_dirty);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_io);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_more_io);
+	spin_lock_init(&wb->list_lock);
 	setup_timer(&wb->wakeup_timer, wakeup_timer_fn, (unsigned long)bdi);
 }
 
@@ -676,11 +688,12 @@ void bdi_destroy(struct backing_dev_info
 	if (bdi_has_dirty_io(bdi)) {
 		struct bdi_writeback *dst = &default_backing_dev_info.wb;
 
-		spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+		bdi_lock_two(&bdi->wb, dst);
 		list_splice(&bdi->wb.b_dirty, &dst->b_dirty);
 		list_splice(&bdi->wb.b_io, &dst->b_io);
 		list_splice(&bdi->wb.b_more_io, &dst->b_more_io);
-		spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+		spin_unlock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
+		spin_unlock(&dst->list_lock);
 	}
 
 	bdi_unregister(bdi);
mm/filemap.c +3 -3
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
  *  ->i_mutex
  *    ->i_alloc_sem             (various)
  *
- *  inode_wb_list_lock
+ *  bdi->wb.list_lock
  *    sb_lock			(fs/fs-writeback.c)
  *    ->mapping->tree_lock	(__sync_single_inode)
  *
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@
  *    ->zone.lru_lock		(check_pte_range->isolate_lru_page)
  *    ->private_lock		(page_remove_rmap->set_page_dirty)
  *    ->tree_lock		(page_remove_rmap->set_page_dirty)
- *    inode_wb_list_lock	(page_remove_rmap->set_page_dirty)
+ *    bdi.wb->list_lock		(page_remove_rmap->set_page_dirty)
  *    ->inode->i_lock		(page_remove_rmap->set_page_dirty)
- *    inode_wb_list_lock	(zap_pte_range->set_page_dirty)
+ *    bdi.wb->list_lock		(zap_pte_range->set_page_dirty)
  *    ->inode->i_lock		(zap_pte_range->set_page_dirty)
  *    ->private_lock		(zap_pte_range->__set_page_dirty_buffers)
  *
mm/rmap.c +2 -2
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@
  *               mmlist_lock (in mmput, drain_mmlist and others)
  *               mapping->private_lock (in __set_page_dirty_buffers)
  *               inode->i_lock (in set_page_dirty's __mark_inode_dirty)
- *               inode_wb_list_lock (in set_page_dirty's __mark_inode_dirty)
+ *               bdi.wb->list_lock (in set_page_dirty's __mark_inode_dirty)
  *                 sb_lock (within inode_lock in fs/fs-writeback.c)
  *                 mapping->tree_lock (widely used, in set_page_dirty,
  *                           in arch-dependent flush_dcache_mmap_lock,
- *                           within inode_wb_list_lock in __sync_single_inode)
+ *                           within bdi.wb->list_lock in __sync_single_inode)
  *
  * (code doesn't rely on that order so it could be switched around)
  * ->tasklist_lock

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#1 lore raw

PATCH 2/2 writeback: elevate queue_io() into wb_writeback()

Code refactor for more logical code layout.
No behavior change.

- remove the mis-named __writeback_inodes_sb()

- wb_writeback()/writeback_inodes_wb() will decide when to queue_io() before calling __writeback_inodes_wb()

---
 fs/fs-writeback.c |   27 ++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
fs/fs-writeback.c +12 -15
@@ -570,17 +570,13 @@ static int writeback_sb_inodes(struct su
 	return 1;
 }
 
-void writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
-		struct writeback_control *wbc)
+static void __writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
+				  struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (!wbc->wb_start)
 		wbc->wb_start = jiffies; /* livelock avoidance */
-	spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
-
-	if (list_empty(&wb->b_io))
-		queue_io(wb, wbc);
 
 	while (!list_empty(&wb->b_io)) {
 		struct inode *inode = wb_inode(wb->b_io.prev);
@@ -596,19 +592,16 @@ void writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writ
 		if (ret)
 			break;
 	}
-	spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
 	/* Leave any unwritten inodes on b_io */
 }
 
-static void __writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb,
-		struct bdi_writeback *wb, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+void writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
+		struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
-	WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
-
 	spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
 	if (list_empty(&wb->b_io))
 		queue_io(wb, wbc);
-	writeback_sb_inodes(sb, wb, wbc, true);
+	__writeback_inodes_wb(wb, wbc);
 	spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
 }
 
@@ -674,7 +667,7 @@ static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writ
 	 * The intended call sequence for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback is:
 	 *
 	 *      wb_writeback()
-	 *          __writeback_inodes_sb()     <== called only once
+	 *          writeback_sb_inodes()       <== called only once
 	 *              write_cache_pages()     <== called once for each inode
 	 *                   (quickly) tag currently dirty pages
 	 *                   (maybe slowly) sync all tagged pages
@@ -722,10 +715,14 @@ static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writ
 
 retry:
 		trace_wbc_writeback_start(&wbc, wb->bdi);
+		spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
+		if (list_empty(&wb->b_io))
+			queue_io(wb, &wbc);
 		if (work->sb)
-			__writeback_inodes_sb(work->sb, wb, &wbc);
+			writeback_sb_inodes(work->sb, wb, &wbc, true);
 		else
-			writeback_inodes_wb(wb, &wbc);
+			__writeback_inodes_wb(wb, &wbc);
+		spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
 		trace_wbc_writeback_written(&wbc, wb->bdi);
 
 		work->nr_pages -= write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
#2 lore raw

Re: [PATCH 2/2] writeback: elevate queue_io() into wb_writeback()

fs/fs-writeback.c static int writeback_sb_inodes(struct su · line 579

Quoted 12 lines
fs/fs-writeback.c +2 -2
 	return 1;
 }
 
-void writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
-		struct writeback_control *wbc)
+static void __writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
+				  struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (!wbc->wb_start)
 		wbc->wb_start = jiffies; /* livelock avoidance */

This should move to writeback_inodes_wb and be unconditional as wb_writeback already always initializes it.

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#3 lore raw

Re: [PATCH 2/2] writeback: elevate queue_io() into wb_writeback()

Quoted 10 lines · Christoph Hellwig
Quoted 10 lines
fs/fs-writeback.c +2 -2
 	return 1;
 }
 
-void writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
-		struct writeback_control *wbc)
+static void __writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
+				  struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
Quoted 5 lines

fs/fs-writeback.c static int writeback_sb_inodes(struct su · line 579

Quoted 2 lines
fs/fs-writeback.c +0 -0
 	if (!wbc->wb_start)
 		wbc->wb_start = jiffies; /* livelock avoidance */

This should move to writeback_inodes_wb and be unconditional as wb_writeback already always initializes it.

Never mind :) wbc->wb_start has been killed in a later patch named "writeback: avoid extra sync work at enqueue time".

Thanks,
Fengguang

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#4 lore raw

Re: [PATCH 2/2] writeback: elevate queue_io() into wb_writeback()

Quoted 5 lines · Wu Fengguang
Quoted 2 lines

This should move to writeback_inodes_wb and be unconditional as wb_writeback already always initializes it.

Never mind :) wbc->wb_start has been killed in a later patch named "writeback: avoid extra sync work at enqueue time".

Even better. I was already wondering why we'd need two different jiffies and jiffies + offset value in the writeback code.

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maintainer
#5 lore raw
In reply to Wu Fengguang
Quoted 7 lines · On Tue, 26 Apr 2011 22:42:19 +0800 Wu Fengguang <[email protected]> wrote:
fs/block_dev.c +2 -1
@@ -55,13 +55,16 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(I_BDEV);
 static void bdev_inode_switch_bdi(struct inode *inode,
 			struct backing_dev_info *dst)
 {
-	spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+	struct backing_dev_info *old = inode->i_data.backing_dev_info;
+

fs/block_dev.c EXPORT_SYMBOL(I_BDEV); · line 68

Quoted 10 lines
fs/block_dev.c +3 -1
+	bdi_lock_two(&old->wb, &dst->wb);
 	spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
 	inode->i_data.backing_dev_info = dst;
 	if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY)
 		list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &dst->wb.b_dirty);
 	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-	spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&old->wb.list_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&dst->wb.list_lock);
 }

Has this patch been well tested under lockdep?

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#6 lore raw
Quoted 14 lines · Andrew Morton
Quoted 11 lines · On Tue, 26 Apr 2011 22:42:19 +0800 Wu Fengguang <[email protected]> wrote:
fs/block_dev.c +3 -1
@@ -55,13 +55,16 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(I_BDEV);
 static void bdev_inode_switch_bdi(struct inode *inode,
 			struct backing_dev_info *dst)
 {
-	spin_lock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+	struct backing_dev_info *old = inode->i_data.backing_dev_info;
+
+	bdi_lock_two(&old->wb, &dst->wb);
 	spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
 	inode->i_data.backing_dev_info = dst;
 	if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY)
Quoted 8 lines

fs/block_dev.c EXPORT_SYMBOL(I_BDEV); · line 68

Quoted 6 lines
fs/block_dev.c +2 -1
 		list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &dst->wb.b_dirty);
 	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
-	spin_unlock(&inode_wb_list_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&old->wb.list_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&dst->wb.list_lock);
 }

Has this patch been well tested under lockdep?

Yes, it runs OK on concurrent dd and dd+tar workloads over all major filesystems, including NFS. Lockdep is always enabled in my kernels, no warnings are found in dmesg.

Thanks,
Fengguang

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#7 lore raw
In reply to Andrew Morton
Quoted 1 line · Andrew Morton

Has this patch been well tested under lockdep?

Yes. There's only two places locking two bdis, and both use the bdi_lock_two helper which imposes an ordering, and tells lockdep about it.

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