idle memory tracking

PATCH Superseded Vladimir Davydov 1 participant 6 messages May 7, 2015 – May 8, 2015

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Vladimir Davydov

author

2015-05-07 14:09 UTC #0 lore raw

v4 cover idle memory tracking

Hi,

This patch set introduces a new user API for tracking user memory pages that have not been used for a given period of time. The purpose of this is to provide the userspace with the means of tracking a workload's working set, i.e. the set of pages that are actively used by the workload. Knowing the working set size can be useful for partitioning the system more efficiently, e.g. by tuning memory cgroup limits appropriately, or for job placement within a compute cluster.

---- USE CASES ----

The unified cgroup hierarchy has memory.low and memory.high knobs, which are defined as the low and high boundaries for the workload working set size. However, the working set size of a workload may be unknown or change in time. With this patch set, one can periodically estimate the amount of memory unused by each cgroup and tune their memory.low and memory.high parameters accordingly, therefore optimizing the overall memory utilization.

Another use case is balancing workloads within a compute cluster. Knowing how much memory is not really used by a workload unit may help take a more optimal decision when considering migrating the unit to another node within the cluster.

Also, as noted by Minchan, this would be useful for per-process reclaim
(https://lwn.net/Articles/545668/). With idle tracking, we could reclaim idle pages only by smart user memory manager.

---- USER API ----

The user API consists of two new proc files:

* /proc/kpageidle. This file implements a bitmap where each bit corresponds to a page, indexed by PFN. When the bit is set, the corresponding page is idle. A page is considered idle if it has not been accessed since it was marked idle. To mark a page idle one should set the bit corresponding to the page by writing to the file. A value written to the file is OR-ed with the current bitmap value. Only user memory pages can be marked idle, for other page types input is silently ignored. Writing to this file beyond max PFN results in the ENXIO error. Only available when CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING is set.

This file can be used to estimate the amount of pages that are not used by a particular workload as follows:

1. mark all pages of interest idle by setting corresponding bits in the /proc/kpageidle bitmap
2. wait until the workload accesses its working set
3. read /proc/kpageidle and count the number of bits set

* /proc/kpagecgroup. This file contains a 64-bit inode number of the memory cgroup each page is charged to, indexed by PFN. Only available when CONFIG_MEMCG is set.

This file can be used to find all pages (including unmapped file pages) accounted to a particular cgroup. Using /proc/kpageidle, one can then estimate the cgroup working set size.

For an example of using these files for estimating the amount of unused memory pages per each memory cgroup, please see the script attached below.

---- REASONING ----

The reason to introduce the new user API instead of using /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps} is that the latter has two serious drawbacks:

- it does not count unmapped file pages
- it affects the reclaimer logic

The new API attempts to overcome them both. For more details on how it is achieved, please see the comment to patch 3.

---- CHANGE LOG ----

Changes in v4:

This iteration primarily addresses Minchan's comments to v3:

- Implement /proc/kpageidle as a bitmap instead of using u64 per each page, because there does not seem to be any future uses for the other 63 bits.
- Do not double-increase pra->referenced in page_referenced_one() if the page was young and referenced recently.
- Remove the pointless (page_count == 0) check from kpageidle_get_page().
- Rename kpageidle_clear_refs() to kpageidle_clear_pte_refs().
- Improve comments to kpageidle-related functions.
- Rebase on top of 4.1-rc2.

Note it does not address Minchan's concern of possible __page_set_anon_rmap vs page_referenced race (see https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/5/3/220) since it is still unclear if this race can really happen (see https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/5/4/160)

Changes in v3:

- Enable CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING for 32 bit. Since this feature requires two extra page flags and there is no space for them on 32 bit, page ext is used (thanks to Minchan Kim).
- Minor code cleanups and comments improved.
- Rebase on top of 4.1-rc1.

Changes in v2:

- The main difference from v1 is the API change. In v1 the user can only set the idle flag for all pages at once, and for clearing the Idle flag on pages accessed via page tables /proc/PID/clear_refs should be used.
The main drawback of the v1 approach, as noted by Minchan, is that on big machines setting the idle flag for each pages can result in CPU bursts, which would be especially frustrating if the user only wanted to estimate the amount of idle pages for a particular process or VMA. With the new API a more fine-grained approach is possible: one can read a process's /proc/PID/pagemap and set/check the Idle flag only for those pages of the process's address space he or she is interested in.
Another good point about the v2 API is that it is possible to limit /proc/kpage* scanning rate when the user wants to estimate the total number of idle pages, which is unachievable with the v1 approach.
- Make /proc/kpagecgroup return the ino of the closest online ancestor in case the cgroup a page is charged to is offline.
- Fix /proc/PID/clear_refs not clearing Young page flag.
- Rebase on top of v4.0-rc6-mmotm-2015-04-01-14-54

v3: https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/4/28/224
v2: https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/4/7/260
v1: https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/3/18/794

---- PATCH SET STRUCTURE ----

The patch set is organized as follows:

- patch 1 adds page_cgroup_ino() helper for the sake of /proc/kpagecgroup
- patch 2 adds /proc/kpagecgroup, which reports cgroup ino each page is charged to
- patch 3 implements the idle page tracking feature, including the userspace API, /proc/kpageidle

---- SIMILAR WORKS ----

Originally, the patch for tracking idle memory was proposed back in 2011 by Michel Lespinasse (see http://lwn.net/Articles/459269/). The main difference between Michel's patch and this one is that Michel implemented a kernel space daemon for estimating idle memory size per cgroup while this patch only provides the userspace with the minimal API for doing the job, leaving the rest up to the userspace. However, they both share the same idea of Idle/Young page flags to avoid affecting the reclaimer logic.

---- SCRIPT FOR COUNTING IDLE PAGES PER CGROUP ---- #! /usr/bin/python
#

import os
import stat
import errno
import struct

CGROUP_MOUNT = "/sys/fs/cgroup/memory"

def set_idle():

    f = open("/proc/kpageidle", "wb")
    while True:
        try:
            f.write(struct.pack("Q", pow(2, 64) - 1))
        except IOError as err:
            if err.errno == errno.ENXIO:
                break
            raise
    f.close()

def count_idle():

    f_idle = open("/proc/kpageidle", "rb")
    f_flags = open("/proc/kpageflags", "rb")
    f_cgroup = open("/proc/kpagecgroup", "rb")

    pfn = 0
    nr_idle = {}
    while True:
        if not pfn % 64:
            s = f_idle.read(8)
            if not s:
                break
            idle_bitmap = struct.unpack('Q', s)[0]

        idle = idle_bitmap & 1
        idle_bitmap >>= 1
        pfn += 1

        flags = struct.unpack('Q', f_flags.read(8))[0]
        cgino = struct.unpack('Q', f_cgroup.read(8))[0]

        unevictable = flags >> 18 & 1
        huge = flags >> 22 & 1

        if idle and not unevictable:
            nr_idle[cgino] = nr_idle.get(cgino, 0) + (512 if huge else 1)

    f_flags.close()
    f_cgroup.close()
    f_idle.close()
    return nr_idle

print "Setting the idle flag for each page..."
set_idle()

raw_input("Wait until the workload accesses its working set, then press Enter")

print "Counting idle pages..."
nr_idle = count_idle()

for dir, subdirs, files in os.walk(CGROUP_MOUNT):

    ino = os.stat(dir)[stat.ST_INO]
    print dir + ": " + str(nr_idle.get(ino, 0) * 4) + " KB"

---- END SCRIPT ----

Comments are more than welcome.

Thanks,

Vladimir Davydov (3):
memcg: add page_cgroup_ino helper
proc: add kpagecgroup file
proc: add kpageidle file

 Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt |   16 ++-
 fs/proc/Kconfig              |    5 +-
 fs/proc/page.c               |  224 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 fs/proc/task_mmu.c           |    4 +-
 include/linux/memcontrol.h   |    8 +-
 include/linux/mm.h           |   88 +++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/page-flags.h   |    9 ++
 include/linux/page_ext.h     |    4 +
 mm/Kconfig                   |   12 +++
 mm/debug.c                   |    4 +
 mm/hwpoison-inject.c         |    5 +-
 mm/memcontrol.c              |   73 +++++++-------
 mm/memory-failure.c          |   16 +--
 mm/page_ext.c                |    3 +
 mm/rmap.c                    |    8 ++
 mm/swap.c                    |    2 +
 16 files changed, 417 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)

Signature · 1 line

1.7.10.4

Vladimir Davydov

author

2015-05-07 14:09 UTC #1 lore raw

PATCH v4 1/3 memcg: add page_cgroup_ino helper

Hwpoison allows to filter pages by memory cgroup ino. To ahieve that, it calls try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page(), then mem_cgroup_css(), and finally cgroup_ino() on the cgroup returned. This looks bulky. Since in the next patch I need to get the ino of the memory cgroup a page is charged to too, in this patch I introduce the page_cgroup_ino() helper.

Note that page_cgroup_ino() only considers those pages that are charged to mem_cgroup->memory (i.e. page->mem_cgroup != NULL), and for others it returns 0, while try_get_mem_cgroup_page(), used by hwpoison before, may extract the cgroup from a swapcache readahead page too. Ignoring swapcache readahead pages allows to call page_cgroup_ino() on unlocked pages, which is nice. Hwpoison users will hardly see any difference.

Another difference between try_get_mem_cgroup_page() and page_cgroup_ino() is that the latter works on pages charged to offline memory cgroups, returning the inode number of the closest online ancestor in this case, while the former does not, which is crucial for the next patch.

Since try_get_mem_cgroup_page() is not used by anyone else, this patch removes this function. Also, it makes hwpoison memcg filter depend on CONFIG_MEMCG instead of CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP (I've no idea why it was made dependant on CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP initially).

Signed-off-by Vladimir Davydov <[email protected]>

---
 include/linux/memcontrol.h |    8 ++---
 mm/hwpoison-inject.c       |    5 +--
 mm/memcontrol.c            |   73 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 mm/memory-failure.c        |   16 ++--------
 4 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

include/linux/memcontrol.h +2 -6

index 72dff5fb0d0c..9262a8407af7 100644
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ bool mem_cgroup_is_descendant(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 			      struct mem_cgroup *root);
 bool task_in_mem_cgroup(struct task_struct *task, struct mem_cgroup *memcg);
 
-extern struct mem_cgroup *try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page(struct page *page);
 extern struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_from_task(struct task_struct *p);
 
 extern struct mem_cgroup *parent_mem_cgroup(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);

@@ -192,6 +191,8 @@ static inline void mem_cgroup_count_vm_event(struct mm_struct *mm,
 void mem_cgroup_split_huge_fixup(struct page *head);
 #endif
 
+unsigned long page_cgroup_ino(struct page *page);
+
 #else /* CONFIG_MEMCG */
 struct mem_cgroup;

@@ -252,11 +253,6 @@ static inline struct lruvec *mem_cgroup_page_lruvec(struct page *page,
 	return &zone->lruvec;
 }
 
-static inline struct mem_cgroup *try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page(struct page *page)
-{
-	return NULL;
-}
-
 static inline bool mm_match_cgroup(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
 {

mm/hwpoison-inject.c +1 -4

index 329caf56df22..df63c3133d70 100644
@@ -45,12 +45,9 @@ static int hwpoison_inject(void *data, u64 val)
 	/*
 	 * do a racy check with elevated page count, to make sure PG_hwpoison
 	 * will only be set for the targeted owner (or on a free page).
-	 * We temporarily take page lock for try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page().
 	 * memory_failure() will redo the check reliably inside page lock.
 	 */
-	lock_page(hpage);
 	err = hwpoison_filter(hpage);
-	unlock_page(hpage);
 	if (err)
 		return 0;

@@ -123,7 +120,7 @@ static int pfn_inject_init(void)
 	if (!dentry)
 		goto fail;
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
+#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
 	dentry = debugfs_create_u64("corrupt-filter-memcg", 0600,
 				    hwpoison_dir, &hwpoison_filter_memcg);
 	if (!dentry)

mm/memcontrol.c +37 ~~-36~~

91 lines not on this page · raw message

mm/memory-failure.c +2 ~~-14~~

index d9359b770cd9..64cd565fd4f8 100644
@@ -128,27 +128,15 @@ static int hwpoison_filter_flags(struct page *p)
  * can only guarantee that the page either belongs to the memcg tasks, or is
  * a freed page.
  */
-#ifdef	CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
+#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
 u64 hwpoison_filter_memcg;
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_memcg);
 static int hwpoison_filter_task(struct page *p)
 {
-	struct mem_cgroup *mem;
-	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
-	unsigned long ino;
-
 	if (!hwpoison_filter_memcg)
 		return 0;
 
-	mem = try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page(p);
-	if (!mem)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	css = mem_cgroup_css(mem);
-	ino = cgroup_ino(css->cgroup);
-	css_put(css);
-
-	if (ino != hwpoison_filter_memcg)
+	if (page_cgroup_ino(p) != hwpoison_filter_memcg)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	return 0;

Signature · 7 lines

1.7.10.4

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Vladimir Davydov

author

2015-05-07 14:09 UTC #2 lore raw

PATCH v4 2/3 proc: add kpagecgroup file

In reply to Vladimir Davydov

/proc/kpagecgroup contains a 64-bit inode number of the memory cgroup each page is charged to, indexed by PFN. Having this information is useful for estimating a cgroup working set size.

The file is present if CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR && CONFIG_MEMCG.

Signed-off-by Vladimir Davydov <[email protected]>

---
 Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt |    6 ++++-
 fs/proc/Kconfig              |    5 ++--
 fs/proc/page.c               |   53 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt +5 -1

index 6bfbc172cdb9..a9b7afc8fbc6 100644
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pagemap is a new (as of 2.6.25) set of interfaces in the kernel that allow
 userspace programs to examine the page tables and related information by
 reading files in /proc.
 
-There are three components to pagemap:
+There are four components to pagemap:
 
  * /proc/pid/pagemap.  This file lets a userspace process find out which
    physical frame each virtual page is mapped to.  It contains one 64-bit

@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ There are three components to pagemap:
     23. BALLOON
     24. ZERO_PAGE
 
+ * /proc/kpagecgroup.  This file contains a 64-bit inode number of the
+   memory cgroup each page is charged to, indexed by PFN. Only available when
+   CONFIG_MEMCG is set.
+
 Short descriptions to the page flags:
 
  0. LOCKED

fs/proc/Kconfig +3 -2

index 2183fcf41d59..5021a2935bb9 100644
@@ -69,5 +69,6 @@ config PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
  	help
 	  Various /proc files exist to monitor process memory utilization:
 	  /proc/pid/smaps, /proc/pid/clear_refs, /proc/pid/pagemap,
-	  /proc/kpagecount, and /proc/kpageflags. Disabling these
-          interfaces will reduce the size of the kernel by approximately 4kb.
+	  /proc/kpagecount, /proc/kpageflags, and /proc/kpagecgroup.
+	  Disabling these interfaces will reduce the size of the kernel
+	  by approximately 4kb.

fs/proc/page.c +53 -0

69 lines not on this page · raw message

Signature · 7 lines

1.7.10.4

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Vladimir Davydov

author

2015-05-07 14:09 UTC #3 lore raw

PATCH v4 3/3 proc: add kpageidle file

In reply to Vladimir Davydov

Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings:

- it does not count unmapped file pages
- it affects the reclaimer logic

To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new proc file, /proc/kpageidle. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /proc/kpageidle at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the kpageidle file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload.

The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to kpageidle. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared.

Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit.

Signed-off-by Vladimir Davydov <[email protected]>

---
 Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt |   12 ++-
 fs/proc/page.c               |  171 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 fs/proc/task_mmu.c           |    4 +-
 include/linux/mm.h           |   88 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/page-flags.h   |    9 +++
 include/linux/page_ext.h     |    4 +
 mm/Kconfig                   |   12 +++
 mm/debug.c                   |    4 +
 mm/page_ext.c                |    3 +
 mm/rmap.c                    |    8 ++
 mm/swap.c                    |    2 +
 11 files changed, 315 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt +11 -1

index a9b7afc8fbc6..c9266340852c 100644
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pagemap is a new (as of 2.6.25) set of interfaces in the kernel that allow
 userspace programs to examine the page tables and related information by
 reading files in /proc.
 
-There are four components to pagemap:
+There are five components to pagemap:
 
  * /proc/pid/pagemap.  This file lets a userspace process find out which
    physical frame each virtual page is mapped to.  It contains one 64-bit

@@ -69,6 +69,16 @@ There are four components to pagemap:
    memory cgroup each page is charged to, indexed by PFN. Only available when
    CONFIG_MEMCG is set.
 
+ * /proc/kpageidle.  This file implements a bitmap where each bit corresponds
+   to a page, indexed by PFN. When the bit is set, the corresponding page is
+   idle. A page is considered idle if it has not been accessed since it was
+   marked idle. To mark a page idle one should set the bit corresponding to the
+   page by writing to the file. A value written to the file is OR-ed with the
+   current bitmap value. Only user memory pages can be marked idle, for other
+   page types input is silently ignored. Writing to this file beyond max PFN
+   results in the ENXIO error. Only available when CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING is
+   set.
+
 Short descriptions to the page flags:
 
  0. LOCKED

fs/proc/page.c +171 -0

183 lines not on this page · raw message

fs/proc/task_mmu.c +3 -1

index 6dee68d013ff..ab04846f7dd5 100644
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ static void smaps_account(struct mem_size_stats *mss, struct page *page,
 
 	mss->resident += size;
 	/* Accumulate the size in pages that have been accessed. */
-	if (young || PageReferenced(page))
+	if (young || page_is_young(page) || PageReferenced(page))
 		mss->referenced += size;
 	mapcount = page_mapcount(page);
 	if (mapcount >= 2) {

@@ -808,6 +808,7 @@ static int clear_refs_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
 
 		/* Clear accessed and referenced bits. */
 		pmdp_test_and_clear_young(vma, addr, pmd);
+		clear_page_young(page);
 		ClearPageReferenced(page);
 out:
 		spin_unlock(ptl);

@@ -835,6 +836,7 @@ out:
 
 		/* Clear accessed and referenced bits. */
 		ptep_test_and_clear_young(vma, addr, pte);
+		clear_page_young(page);
 		ClearPageReferenced(page);
 	}
 	pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);

include/linux/mm.h +88 -0

93 lines not on this page · raw message

include/linux/page-flags.h +9 -0

index f34e040b34e9..5e7c4f50a644 100644
@@ -109,6 +109,10 @@ enum pageflags {
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
 	PG_compound_lock,
 #endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+	PG_young,
+	PG_idle,
+#endif
 	__NR_PAGEFLAGS,
 
 	/* Filesystems */

@@ -289,6 +293,11 @@ PAGEFLAG_FALSE(HWPoison)
 #define __PG_HWPOISON 0
 #endif
 
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+PAGEFLAG(Young, young)
+PAGEFLAG(Idle, idle)
+#endif
+
 /*
  * On an anonymous page mapped into a user virtual memory area,
  * page->mapping points to its anon_vma, not to a struct address_space;

include/linux/page_ext.h +4 -0

index c42981cd99aa..17f118a82854 100644
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ enum page_ext_flags {
 	PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_POISON,		/* Page is poisoned */
 	PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_GUARD,
 	PAGE_EXT_OWNER,
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && !defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+	PAGE_EXT_YOUNG,
+	PAGE_EXT_IDLE,
+#endif
 };
 
 /*

mm/Kconfig +12 -0

index 390214da4546..3600eace4774 100644
@@ -635,3 +635,15 @@ config MAX_STACK_SIZE_MB
 	  changed to a smaller value in which case that is used.
 
 	  A sane initial value is 80 MB.
+
+config IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING
+	bool "Enable idle page tracking"
+	select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
+	select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT
+	help
+	  This feature allows to estimate the amount of user pages that have
+	  not been touched during a given period of time. This information can
+	  be useful to tune memory cgroup limits and/or for job placement
+	  within a compute cluster.
+
+	  See Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt for more details.

mm/debug.c +4 -0

index 3eb3ac2fcee7..bb66f9ccec03 100644
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ static const struct trace_print_flags pageflag_names[] = {
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
 	{1UL << PG_compound_lock,	"compound_lock"	},
 #endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+	{1UL << PG_young,		"young"		},
+	{1UL << PG_idle,		"idle"		},
+#endif
 };
 
 static void dump_flags(unsigned long flags,

mm/page_ext.c +3 -0

index d86fd2f5353f..e4b3af054bf2 100644
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ static struct page_ext_operations *page_ext_ops[] = {
 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER
 	&page_owner_ops,
 #endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && !defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+	&page_idle_ops,
+#endif
 };
 
 static unsigned long total_usage;

mm/rmap.c +8 -0

index 24dd3f9fee27..eca7416f55d7 100644
@@ -781,6 +781,14 @@ static int page_referenced_one(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
 	}
 
+	if (referenced && page_is_idle(page))
+		clear_page_idle(page);
+
+	if (page_is_young(page)) {
+		clear_page_young(page);
+		referenced++;
+	}
+
 	if (referenced) {
 		pra->referenced++;
 		pra->vm_flags |= vma->vm_flags;

mm/swap.c +2 -0

index a7251a8ed532..6bf6f293a9ea 100644
@@ -623,6 +623,8 @@ void mark_page_accessed(struct page *page)
 	} else if (!PageReferenced(page)) {
 		SetPageReferenced(page);
 	}
+	if (page_is_idle(page))
+		clear_page_idle(page);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mark_page_accessed);

Signature · 1 line

1.7.10.4

Vladimir Davydov

author

2015-05-08 13:20 UTC #4 lore raw

Re: [PATCH v4 3/3] proc: add kpageidle file

Oops, this patch is stale, the correct one is here:
---
From: Vladimir Davydov <[email protected]>
Subject: [PATCH] proc: add kpageidle file

- it does not count unmapped file pages
- it affects the reclaimer logic

Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit.

Signed-off-by Vladimir Davydov <[email protected]>

Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt +11 -1

index a9b7afc8fbc6..c9266340852c 100644
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pagemap is a new (as of 2.6.25) set of interfaces in the kernel that allow
 userspace programs to examine the page tables and related information by
 reading files in /proc.
 
-There are four components to pagemap:
+There are five components to pagemap:
 
  * /proc/pid/pagemap.  This file lets a userspace process find out which
    physical frame each virtual page is mapped to.  It contains one 64-bit

@@ -69,6 +69,16 @@ There are four components to pagemap:
    memory cgroup each page is charged to, indexed by PFN. Only available when
    CONFIG_MEMCG is set.
 
+ * /proc/kpageidle.  This file implements a bitmap where each bit corresponds
+   to a page, indexed by PFN. When the bit is set, the corresponding page is
+   idle. A page is considered idle if it has not been accessed since it was
+   marked idle. To mark a page idle one should set the bit corresponding to the
+   page by writing to the file. A value written to the file is OR-ed with the
+   current bitmap value. Only user memory pages can be marked idle, for other
+   page types input is silently ignored. Writing to this file beyond max PFN
+   results in the ENXIO error. Only available when CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING is
+   set.
+
 Short descriptions to the page flags:
 
  0. LOCKED

fs/proc/page.c +172 -0

190 lines not on this page · raw message

fs/proc/task_mmu.c +3 -1

index 6dee68d013ff..ab04846f7dd5 100644
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ static void smaps_account(struct mem_size_stats *mss, struct page *page,
 
 	mss->resident += size;
 	/* Accumulate the size in pages that have been accessed. */
-	if (young || PageReferenced(page))
+	if (young || page_is_young(page) || PageReferenced(page))
 		mss->referenced += size;
 	mapcount = page_mapcount(page);
 	if (mapcount >= 2) {

@@ -808,6 +808,7 @@ static int clear_refs_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
 
 		/* Clear accessed and referenced bits. */
 		pmdp_test_and_clear_young(vma, addr, pmd);
+		clear_page_young(page);
 		ClearPageReferenced(page);
 out:
 		spin_unlock(ptl);

@@ -835,6 +836,7 @@ out:
 
 		/* Clear accessed and referenced bits. */
 		ptep_test_and_clear_young(vma, addr, pte);
+		clear_page_young(page);
 		ClearPageReferenced(page);
 	}
 	pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);

include/linux/mm.h +88 -0

93 lines not on this page · raw message

include/linux/page-flags.h +9 -0

index f34e040b34e9..5e7c4f50a644 100644
@@ -109,6 +109,10 @@ enum pageflags {
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
 	PG_compound_lock,
 #endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+	PG_young,
+	PG_idle,
+#endif
 	__NR_PAGEFLAGS,
 
 	/* Filesystems */

@@ -289,6 +293,11 @@ PAGEFLAG_FALSE(HWPoison)
 #define __PG_HWPOISON 0
 #endif
 
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+PAGEFLAG(Young, young)
+PAGEFLAG(Idle, idle)
+#endif
+
 /*
  * On an anonymous page mapped into a user virtual memory area,
  * page->mapping points to its anon_vma, not to a struct address_space;

include/linux/page_ext.h +4 -0

index c42981cd99aa..17f118a82854 100644
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ enum page_ext_flags {
 	PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_POISON,		/* Page is poisoned */
 	PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_GUARD,
 	PAGE_EXT_OWNER,
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && !defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+	PAGE_EXT_YOUNG,
+	PAGE_EXT_IDLE,
+#endif
 };
 
 /*

mm/Kconfig +12 -0

index 390214da4546..3600eace4774 100644
@@ -635,3 +635,15 @@ config MAX_STACK_SIZE_MB
 	  changed to a smaller value in which case that is used.
 
 	  A sane initial value is 80 MB.
+
+config IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING
+	bool "Enable idle page tracking"
+	select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
+	select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT
+	help
+	  This feature allows to estimate the amount of user pages that have
+	  not been touched during a given period of time. This information can
+	  be useful to tune memory cgroup limits and/or for job placement
+	  within a compute cluster.
+
+	  See Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt for more details.

mm/debug.c +4 -0

index 3eb3ac2fcee7..bb66f9ccec03 100644
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ static const struct trace_print_flags pageflag_names[] = {
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
 	{1UL << PG_compound_lock,	"compound_lock"	},
 #endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+	{1UL << PG_young,		"young"		},
+	{1UL << PG_idle,		"idle"		},
+#endif
 };
 
 static void dump_flags(unsigned long flags,

mm/page_ext.c +3 -0

index d86fd2f5353f..e4b3af054bf2 100644
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ static struct page_ext_operations *page_ext_ops[] = {
 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER
 	&page_owner_ops,
 #endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) && !defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
+	&page_idle_ops,
+#endif
 };
 
 static unsigned long total_usage;

mm/rmap.c +8 -0

index 24dd3f9fee27..eca7416f55d7 100644
@@ -781,6 +781,14 @@ static int page_referenced_one(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
 	}
 
+	if (referenced && page_is_idle(page))
+		clear_page_idle(page);
+
+	if (page_is_young(page)) {
+		clear_page_young(page);
+		referenced++;
+	}
+
 	if (referenced) {
 		pra->referenced++;
 		pra->vm_flags |= vma->vm_flags;

mm/swap.c +2 -0

index a7251a8ed532..6bf6f293a9ea 100644
@@ -623,6 +623,8 @@ void mark_page_accessed(struct page *page)
 	} else if (!PageReferenced(page)) {
 		SetPageReferenced(page);
 	}
+	if (page_is_idle(page))
+		clear_page_idle(page);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mark_page_accessed);

Vladimir Davydov

author

2015-05-08 13:22 UTC #5 lore raw

In reply to Vladimir Davydov

Quoted 1 line · Vladimir Davydov

---- SCRIPT FOR COUNTING IDLE PAGES PER CGROUP ----

Oops, this script is stale. The correct one is here:
---
#! /usr/bin/python
#

import os
import stat
import errno
import struct

CGROUP_MOUNT = "/sys/fs/cgroup/memory"
BUFSIZE = 8 * 1024 # must be multiple of 8

def set_idle():

    f = open("/proc/kpageidle", "wb", BUFSIZE)
    while True:
        try:
            f.write(struct.pack("Q", pow(2, 64) - 1))
        except IOError as err:
            if err.errno == errno.ENXIO:
                break
            raise
    f.close()

def count_idle():

    f_flags = open("/proc/kpageflags", "rb", BUFSIZE)
    f_cgroup = open("/proc/kpagecgroup", "rb", BUFSIZE)
    f_idle = open("/proc/kpageidle", "rb", BUFSIZE)

    pfn = 0
    nr_idle = {}
    while True:
        s = f_flags.read(8)
        if not s:
            break

        flags, = struct.unpack('Q', s)
        cgino, = struct.unpack('Q', f_cgroup.read(8))

        bit = pfn % 64
        if not bit:
            idle_bitmap, = struct.unpack('Q', f_idle.read(8))

        idle = idle_bitmap >> bit & 1
        pfn += 1

        unevictable = flags >> 18 & 1
        huge = flags >> 22 & 1

        if idle and not unevictable:
            nr_idle[cgino] = nr_idle.get(cgino, 0) + (512 if huge else 1)

    f_flags.close()
    f_cgroup.close()
    f_idle.close()
    return nr_idle

print "Setting the idle flag for each page..."
set_idle()

raw_input("Wait until the workload accesses its working set, then press Enter")

print "Counting idle pages..."
nr_idle = count_idle()

for dir, subdirs, files in os.walk(CGROUP_MOUNT):

    ino = os.stat(dir)[stat.ST_INO]
    print dir + ": " + str(nr_idle.get(ino, 0) * 4) + " KB"