scope GFP_NOFS api

Hi,
I have posted the previous version here [1]. There are no real changes in the implementation since then. Few acks added and one new user of memalloc_noio_flags (in alloc_contig_range) converted. I have decided to drop the last two ext4 related patches. One of them will be picked up by Ted [2] and the other one will probably need more time to settle down. I believe it is OK as is but let's not block the whole thing just because of it.

There didn't seem to be any real objections and so I think we should go and merge this to mmotm tree and target the next merge window. The risk of regressions is really small because we do not remove any real GFP_NOFS users yet.

I hope to get ext4 parts resolved in the follow up patches as well as pull other filesystems in. There is still a lot work to do but having the infrastructure in place should be very useful already.

The patchset is based on next-20170206

Diffstat says

 fs/jbd2/journal.c         |  7 +++++++
 fs/jbd2/transaction.c     | 11 +++++++++++
 fs/xfs/kmem.c             | 12 ++++++------
 fs/xfs/kmem.h             |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c         |  6 +++---
 fs/xfs/xfs_buf.c          |  8 ++++----
 fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c        | 12 ++++++------
 include/linux/gfp.h       | 18 +++++++++++++++++-
 include/linux/jbd2.h      |  2 ++
 include/linux/sched.h     | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 kernel/locking/lockdep.c  |  6 +++++-
 lib/radix-tree.c          |  2 ++
 mm/page_alloc.c           | 10 ++++++----
 mm/vmscan.c               |  6 +++---
 15 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

Shortlog:
Michal Hocko (6):
lockdep: allow to disable reclaim lockup detection
xfs: abstract PF_FSTRANS to PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS
mm: introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API
xfs: use memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} instead of memalloc_noio*
jbd2: mark the transaction context with the scope GFP_NOFS context
jbd2: make the whole kjournald2 kthread NOFS safe

[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170106141107.23953-1-mhocko-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org
[2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117030118.727jqyamjhojzajb-AKGzg7BKzIDYtjvyW6yDsg@public.gmane.org

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From: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>

The current implementation of the reclaim lockup detection can lead to false positives and those even happen and usually lead to tweak the code to silence the lockdep by using GFP_NOFS even though the context can use __GFP_FS just fine. See
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160512080321.GA18496@dastard as an example.

=================================
[ INFO: inconsistent lock state ]
4.5.0-rc2+ #4 Tainted: G O
---------------------------------
inconsistent {RECLAIM_FS-ON-R} -> {IN-RECLAIM_FS-W} usage. kswapd0/543 [HC0[0]:SC0[0]:HE1:SE1] takes:

(&xfs_nondir_ilock_class){++++-+}, at: [<ffffffffa00781f7>] xfs_ilock+0x177/0x200 [xfs]

{RECLAIM_FS-ON-R} state was registered at:

  [<ffffffff8110f369>] mark_held_locks+0x79/0xa0
  [<ffffffff81113a43>] lockdep_trace_alloc+0xb3/0x100
  [<ffffffff81224623>] kmem_cache_alloc+0x33/0x230
  [<ffffffffa008acc1>] kmem_zone_alloc+0x81/0x120 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa005456e>] xfs_refcountbt_init_cursor+0x3e/0xa0 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa0053455>] __xfs_refcount_find_shared+0x75/0x580 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa00539e4>] xfs_refcount_find_shared+0x84/0xb0 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa005dcb8>] xfs_getbmap+0x608/0x8c0 [xfs]
  [<ffffffffa007634b>] xfs_vn_fiemap+0xab/0xc0 [xfs]
  [<ffffffff81244208>] do_vfs_ioctl+0x498/0x670
  [<ffffffff81244459>] SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90
  [<ffffffff81847cd7>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x6f

       CPU0
       ----
  lock(&xfs_nondir_ilock_class);
  <Interrupt>
    lock(&xfs_nondir_ilock_class);

*** DEADLOCK ***

3 locks held by kswapd0/543:

stack backtrace:
CPU: 0 PID: 543 Comm: kswapd0 Tainted: G           O    4.5.0-rc2+ #4

Hardware name: innotek GmbH VirtualBox/VirtualBox, BIOS VirtualBox 12/01/2006

ffffffff82a34f10 ffff88003aa078d0 ffffffff813a14f9 ffff88003d8551c0 ffff88003aa07920 ffffffff8110ec65 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 ffff880000000001 000000000000000b 0000000000000008 ffff88003d855aa0

Call Trace:
 [<ffffffff813a14f9>] dump_stack+0x4b/0x72
 [<ffffffff8110ec65>] print_usage_bug+0x215/0x240
 [<ffffffff8110ee85>] mark_lock+0x1f5/0x660
 [<ffffffff8110e100>] ? print_shortest_lock_dependencies+0x1a0/0x1a0
 [<ffffffff811102e0>] __lock_acquire+0xa80/0x1e50
 [<ffffffff8122474e>] ? kmem_cache_alloc+0x15e/0x230
 [<ffffffffa008acc1>] ? kmem_zone_alloc+0x81/0x120 [xfs]
 [<ffffffff811122e8>] lock_acquire+0xd8/0x1e0
 [<ffffffffa00781f7>] ? xfs_ilock+0x177/0x200 [xfs]
 [<ffffffffa0083a70>] ? xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_range+0x150/0x300 [xfs]
 [<ffffffff8110aace>] down_write_nested+0x5e/0xc0
 [<ffffffffa00781f7>] ? xfs_ilock+0x177/0x200 [xfs]
 [<ffffffffa00781f7>] xfs_ilock+0x177/0x200 [xfs]
 [<ffffffffa0083a70>] xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_range+0x150/0x300 [xfs]
 [<ffffffffa0085bdc>] xfs_fs_evict_inode+0xdc/0x1e0 [xfs]
 [<ffffffff8124d7d5>] evict+0xc5/0x190
 [<ffffffff8124d8d9>] dispose_list+0x39/0x60
 [<ffffffff8124eb2b>] prune_icache_sb+0x4b/0x60
 [<ffffffff8123317f>] super_cache_scan+0x14f/0x1a0
 [<ffffffff811e0d19>] shrink_slab.part.63.constprop.79+0x1e9/0x4e0
 [<ffffffff811e50ee>] shrink_zone+0x15e/0x170
 [<ffffffff811e5ef1>] kswapd+0x4f1/0xa80
 [<ffffffff811e5a00>] ? zone_reclaim+0x230/0x230
 [<ffffffff810e6882>] kthread+0xf2/0x110
 [<ffffffff810e6790>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x220/0x220
 [<ffffffff8184803f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
 [<ffffffff810e6790>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x220/0x220

To quote Dave:
"
Ignoring whether reflink should be doing anything or not, that's a "xfs_refcountbt_init_cursor() gets called both outside and inside transactions" lockdep false positive case. The problem here is lockdep has seen this allocation from within a transaction, hence a GFP_NOFS allocation, and now it's seeing it in a GFP_KERNEL context. Also note that we have an active reference to this inode.

So, because the reclaim annotations overload the interrupt level detections and it's seen the inode ilock been taken in reclaim ("interrupt") context, this triggers a reclaim context warning where it thinks it is unsafe to do this allocation in GFP_KERNEL context holding the inode ilock...
"

This sounds like a fundamental problem of the reclaim lock detection. It is really impossible to annotate such a special usecase IMHO unless the reclaim lockup detection is reworked completely. Until then it is much better to provide a way to add "I know what I am doing flag" and mark problematic places. This would prevent from abusing GFP_NOFS flag which has a runtime effect even on configurations which have lockdep disabled.

Introduce __GFP_NOLOCKDEP flag which tells the lockdep gfp tracking to skip the current allocation request.

While we are at it also make sure that the radix tree doesn't accidentaly override tags stored in the upper part of the gfp_mask.

---
 include/linux/gfp.h      | 10 +++++++++-
 kernel/locking/lockdep.c |  4 ++++
 lib/radix-tree.c         |  2 ++
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

index db373b9d3223..978232a3b4ae 100644
@@ -40,6 +40,11 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
 #define ___GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM	0x400000u
 #define ___GFP_WRITE		0x800000u
 #define ___GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM	0x1000000u
+#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
+#define ___GFP_NOLOCKDEP	0x4000000u
+#else
+#define ___GFP_NOLOCKDEP	0
+#endif
 /* If the above are modified, __GFP_BITS_SHIFT may need updating */
 
 /*

@@ -179,8 +184,11 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
 #define __GFP_NOTRACK	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_NOTRACK)
 #define __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE (__GFP_NOTRACK)
 
+/* Disable lockdep for GFP context tracking */
+#define __GFP_NOLOCKDEP ((__force gfp_t)___GFP_NOLOCKDEP)
+
 /* Room for N __GFP_FOO bits */
-#define __GFP_BITS_SHIFT 25
+#define __GFP_BITS_SHIFT (25 + IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_LOCKDEP))
 #define __GFP_BITS_MASK ((__force gfp_t)((1 << __GFP_BITS_SHIFT) - 1))
 
 /*

index 45acb86d3f56..7dc2375c3ec7 100644
@@ -2879,6 +2879,10 @@ static void __lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long flags)
 	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(irqs_disabled_flags(flags)))
 		return;
 
+	/* Disable lockdep if explicitly requested */
+	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOLOCKDEP)
+		return;
+
 	mark_held_locks(curr, RECLAIM_FS);
 }
 

index 9dc093d5ef39..7550be09f9d6 100644
@@ -2274,6 +2274,8 @@ static int radix_tree_cpu_dead(unsigned int cpu)
 void __init radix_tree_init(void)
 {
 	int ret;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT > 32);
 	radix_tree_node_cachep = kmem_cache_create("radix_tree_node",
 			sizeof(struct radix_tree_node), 0,
 			SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT,

2.11.0

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This part is not needed for the patch, strictly speaking but I wanted to make the code more future proof.

Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs

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Understood. I took an extra bit myself for marking the radix tree as being used for an IDR (so the radix tree now uses 4 bits). I see you already split out the address space GFP mask from the other flags :-) I would prefer not to do that with the radix tree, but I understand your desire for more GFP bits. I'm not entirely sure that an implicit gfpmask makes a lot of sense for the radix tree, but it'd be a big effort to change all the callers. Anyway, I'm going to update your line here for my current tree and add the build bug so we'll know if we ever hit any problems.

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OK, do I get it right that the patch can stay as is and go to Andrew? I would really like to not rebase the patch again for something that is not merged yet. I really hope for getting this merged finally...

Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs

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From: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>

xfs has defined PF_FSTRANS to declare a scope GFP_NOFS semantic quite some time ago. We would like to make this concept more generic and use it for other filesystems as well. Let's start by giving the flag a more generic name PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS which is in line with an exiting PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO already used for the same purpose for GFP_NOIO contexts. Replace all PF_FSTRANS usage from the xfs code in the first step before we introduce a full API for it as xfs uses the flag directly anyway.

This patch doesn't introduce any functional change.

---
 fs/xfs/kmem.c             |  4 ++--
 fs/xfs/kmem.h             |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_btree.c |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c         |  6 +++---
 fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c        | 12 ++++++------
 include/linux/sched.h     |  2 ++
 6 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

index 339c696bbc01..a76a05dae96b 100644
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ kmem_zalloc_large(size_t size, xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 	 * context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO to prevent memory reclaim re-entering
 	 * the filesystem here and potentially deadlocking.
 	 */
-	if ((current->flags & PF_FSTRANS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
+	if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
 		noio_flag = memalloc_noio_save();
 
 	lflags = kmem_flags_convert(flags);
 	ptr = __vmalloc(size, lflags | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_ZERO, PAGE_KERNEL);
 
-	if ((current->flags & PF_FSTRANS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
+	if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
 		memalloc_noio_restore(noio_flag);
 
 	return ptr;

index 689f746224e7..d973dbfc2bfa 100644
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ kmem_flags_convert(xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 		lflags = GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN;
 	} else {
 		lflags = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN;
-		if ((current->flags & PF_FSTRANS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
+		if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
 			lflags &= ~__GFP_FS;
 	}
 

index 21e6a6ab6b9a..a2672ba4dc33 100644
@@ -2866,7 +2866,7 @@ xfs_btree_split_worker(
 	struct xfs_btree_split_args	*args = container_of(work,
 						struct xfs_btree_split_args, work);
 	unsigned long		pflags;
-	unsigned long		new_pflags = PF_FSTRANS;
+	unsigned long		new_pflags = PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS;
 
 	/*
 	 * we are in a transaction context here, but may also be doing work

index 3a4434297697..b3d41c1d67ab 100644
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ xfs_setfilesize_trans_alloc(
 	 * We hand off the transaction to the completion thread now, so
 	 * clear the flag here.
 	 */
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 	return 0;
 }
 

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ xfs_setfilesize_ioend(
 	 * thus we need to mark ourselves as being in a transaction manually.
 	 * Similarly for freeze protection.
 	 */
-	current_set_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_set_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 	__sb_writers_acquired(VFS_I(ip)->i_sb, SB_FREEZE_FS);
 
 	/* we abort the update if there was an IO error */

@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ xfs_do_writepage(
 	 * Given that we do not allow direct reclaim to call us, we should
 	 * never be called while in a filesystem transaction.
 	 */
-	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(current->flags & PF_FSTRANS))
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS))
 		goto redirty;
 
 	/*

index 70f42ea86dfb..f5969c8274fc 100644
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ xfs_trans_reserve(
 	bool		rsvd = (tp->t_flags & XFS_TRANS_RESERVE) != 0;
 
 	/* Mark this thread as being in a transaction */
-	current_set_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_set_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 
 	/*
 	 * Attempt to reserve the needed disk blocks by decrementing

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ xfs_trans_reserve(
 	if (blocks > 0) {
 		error = xfs_mod_fdblocks(tp->t_mountp, -((int64_t)blocks), rsvd);
 		if (error != 0) {
-			current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+			current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 			return -ENOSPC;
 		}
 		tp->t_blk_res += blocks;

@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ xfs_trans_reserve(
 		tp->t_blk_res = 0;
 	}
 
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 
 	return error;
 }

@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ __xfs_trans_commit(
 
 	xfs_log_commit_cil(mp, tp, &commit_lsn, regrant);
 
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 	xfs_trans_free(tp);
 
 	/*

@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ __xfs_trans_commit(
 		if (commit_lsn == -1 && !error)
 			error = -EIO;
 	}
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 	xfs_trans_free_items(tp, NULLCOMMITLSN, !!error);
 	xfs_trans_free(tp);
 

@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@ xfs_trans_cancel(
 		xfs_log_done(mp, tp->t_ticket, NULL, false);
 
 	/* mark this thread as no longer being in a transaction */
-	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_FSTRANS);
+	current_restore_flags_nested(&tp->t_pflags, PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS);
 
 	xfs_trans_free_items(tp, NULLCOMMITLSN, dirty);
 	xfs_trans_free(tp);

index 9159a1e4e838..5be9818e9bd9 100644
@@ -2312,6 +2312,8 @@ extern void thread_group_cputime_adjusted(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut,
 #define PF_FREEZER_SKIP	0x40000000	/* Freezer should not count it as freezable */
 #define PF_SUSPEND_TASK 0x80000000      /* this thread called freeze_processes and should not be frozen */
 
+#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS PF_FSTRANS	/* Transition to a more generic GFP_NOFS scope semantic */
+
 /*
  * Only the _current_ task can read/write to tsk->flags, but other
  * tasks can access tsk->flags in readonly mode for example

2.11.0

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From: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>

GFP_NOFS context is used for the following 5 reasons currently
- to prevent from deadlocks when the lock held by the allocation context would be needed during the memory reclaim
- to prevent from stack overflows during the reclaim because the allocation is performed from a deep context already
- to prevent lockups when the allocation context depends on other reclaimers to make a forward progress indirectly
- just in case because this would be safe from the fs POV
- silence lockdep false positives

Unfortunately overuse of this allocation context brings some problems to the MM. Memory reclaim is much weaker (especially during heavy FS metadata workloads), OOM killer cannot be invoked because the MM layer doesn't have enough information about how much memory is freeable by the FS layer.

In many cases it is far from clear why the weaker context is even used and so it might be used unnecessarily. We would like to get rid of those as much as possible. One way to do that is to use the flag in scopes rather than isolated cases. Such a scope is declared when really necessary, tracked per task and all the allocation requests from within the context will simply inherit the GFP_NOFS semantic.

Not only this is easier to understand and maintain because there are much less problematic contexts than specific allocation requests, this also helps code paths where FS layer interacts with other layers (e.g. crypto, security modules, MM etc...) and there is no easy way to convey the allocation context between the layers.

Introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API to control the scope of GFP_NOFS allocation context. This is basically copying memalloc_noio_{save,restore} API we have for other restricted allocation context GFP_NOIO. The PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS flag already exists and it is just an alias for PF_FSTRANS which has been xfs specific until recently. There are no more PF_FSTRANS users anymore so let's just drop it.

PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS is now checked in the MM layer and drops __GFP_FS implicitly same as PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO drops __GFP_IO. memalloc_noio_flags is renamed to current_gfp_context because it now cares about both PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS and PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO contexts. Xfs code paths preserve their semantic. kmem_flags_convert() doesn't need to evaluate the flag anymore.

This patch shouldn't introduce any functional changes.

Let's hope that filesystems will drop direct GFP_NOFS (resp. ~__GFP_FS) usage as much as possible and only use a properly documented memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} checkpoints where they are appropriate.

---
 fs/xfs/kmem.h            |  2 +-
 include/linux/gfp.h      |  8 ++++++++
 include/linux/sched.h    | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 kernel/locking/lockdep.c |  2 +-
 mm/page_alloc.c          | 10 ++++++----
 mm/vmscan.c              |  6 +++---
 6 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

index d973dbfc2bfa..ae08cfd9552a 100644
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ kmem_flags_convert(xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 		lflags = GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN;
 	} else {
 		lflags = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN;
-		if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
+		if (flags & KM_NOFS)
 			lflags &= ~__GFP_FS;
 	}
 

index 978232a3b4ae..2bfcfd33e476 100644
@@ -210,8 +210,16 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
  *
  * GFP_NOIO will use direct reclaim to discard clean pages or slab pages
  *   that do not require the starting of any physical IO.
+ *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
+ *   memalloc_noio_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot
+ *   perform any IO with a short explanation why. All allocation requests
+ *   will inherit GFP_NOIO implicitly.
  *
  * GFP_NOFS will use direct reclaim but will not use any filesystem interfaces.
+ *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
+ *   memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot/shouldn't
+ *   recurse into the FS layer with a short explanation why. All allocation
+ *   requests will inherit GFP_NOFS implicitly.
  *
  * GFP_USER is for userspace allocations that also need to be directly
  *   accessibly by the kernel or hardware. It is typically used by hardware

index 5be9818e9bd9..6573e9f04aed 100644
@@ -2299,9 +2299,9 @@ extern void thread_group_cputime_adjusted(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut,
 #define PF_USED_ASYNC	0x00004000	/* used async_schedule*(), used by module init */
 #define PF_NOFREEZE	0x00008000	/* this thread should not be frozen */
 #define PF_FROZEN	0x00010000	/* frozen for system suspend */
-#define PF_FSTRANS	0x00020000	/* inside a filesystem transaction */
-#define PF_KSWAPD	0x00040000	/* I am kswapd */
-#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO 0x00080000	/* Allocating memory without IO involved */
+#define PF_KSWAPD	0x00020000	/* I am kswapd */
+#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS 0x00040000	/* All allocation requests will inherit GFP_NOFS */
+#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO 0x00080000	/* All allocation requests will inherit GFP_NOIO */
 #define PF_LESS_THROTTLE 0x00100000	/* Throttle me less: I clean memory */
 #define PF_KTHREAD	0x00200000	/* I am a kernel thread */
 #define PF_RANDOMIZE	0x00400000	/* randomize virtual address space */

@@ -2312,8 +2312,6 @@ extern void thread_group_cputime_adjusted(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut,
 #define PF_FREEZER_SKIP	0x40000000	/* Freezer should not count it as freezable */
 #define PF_SUSPEND_TASK 0x80000000      /* this thread called freeze_processes and should not be frozen */
 
-#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS PF_FSTRANS	/* Transition to a more generic GFP_NOFS scope semantic */
-
 /*
  * Only the _current_ task can read/write to tsk->flags, but other
  * tasks can access tsk->flags in readonly mode for example

@@ -2339,13 +2337,21 @@ extern void thread_group_cputime_adjusted(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut,
 #define tsk_used_math(p) ((p)->flags & PF_USED_MATH)
 #define used_math() tsk_used_math(current)
 
-/* __GFP_IO isn't allowed if PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO is set in current->flags
- * __GFP_FS is also cleared as it implies __GFP_IO.
+/*
+ * Applies per-task gfp context to the given allocation flags.
+ * PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO implies GFP_NOIO
+ * PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS implies GFP_NOFS
  */
-static inline gfp_t memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_t flags)
+static inline gfp_t current_gfp_context(gfp_t flags)
 {
+	/*
+	 * NOIO implies both NOIO and NOFS and it is a weaker context
+	 * so always make sure it makes precendence
+	 */
 	if (unlikely(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO))
 		flags &= ~(__GFP_IO | __GFP_FS);
+	else if (unlikely(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS))
+		flags &= ~__GFP_FS;
 	return flags;
 }
 

@@ -2361,6 +2367,18 @@ static inline void memalloc_noio_restore(unsigned int flags)
 	current->flags = (current->flags & ~PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO) | flags;
 }
 
+static inline unsigned int memalloc_nofs_save(void)
+{
+	unsigned int flags = current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS;
+	current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS;
+	return flags;
+}
+
+static inline void memalloc_nofs_restore(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	current->flags = (current->flags & ~PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) | flags;
+}
+
 /* Per-process atomic flags. */
 #define PFA_NO_NEW_PRIVS 0	/* May not gain new privileges. */
 #define PFA_SPREAD_PAGE  1      /* Spread page cache over cpuset */

index 7dc2375c3ec7..8ab2319dc398 100644
@@ -2870,7 +2870,7 @@ static void __lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long flags)
 		return;
 
 	/* We're only interested __GFP_FS allocations for now */
-	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_FS))
+	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_FS) || (curr->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS))
 		return;
 
 	/*

index c3358d4f7932..e35f3a750fb9 100644
@@ -3964,10 +3964,12 @@ __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
 		goto out;
 
 	/*
-	 * Runtime PM, block IO and its error handling path can deadlock
-	 * because I/O on the device might not complete.
+	 * Apply scoped allocation constrains. This is mainly about
+	 * GFP_NOFS resp. GFP_NOIO which has to be inherited for all
+	 * allocation requests from a particular context which has
+	 * been marked by memalloc_no{fs,io}_{save,restore}
 	 */
-	alloc_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
+	alloc_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask);
 	ac.spread_dirty_pages = false;
 
 	/*

@@ -7425,7 +7427,7 @@ int alloc_contig_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 		.zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start)),
 		.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC,
 		.ignore_skip_hint = true,
-		.gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask),
+		.gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask),
 	};
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.migratepages);
 

index e60b58f37033..5119b8d983b2 100644
@@ -2947,7 +2947,7 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist, int order,
 	unsigned long nr_reclaimed;
 	struct scan_control sc = {
 		.nr_to_reclaim = SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX,
-		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask)),
+		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask)),
 		.reclaim_idx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask),
 		.order = order,
 		.nodemask = nodemask,

@@ -3027,7 +3027,7 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 	int nid;
 	struct scan_control sc = {
 		.nr_to_reclaim = max(nr_pages, SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX),
-		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK) |
+		.gfp_mask = (current_gfp_context(gfp_mask) & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK) |
 				(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE & ~GFP_RECLAIM_MASK),
 		.reclaim_idx = MAX_NR_ZONES - 1,
 		.target_mem_cgroup = memcg,

@@ -3721,7 +3721,7 @@ static int __node_reclaim(struct pglist_data *pgdat, gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned in
 	int classzone_idx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask);
 	struct scan_control sc = {
 		.nr_to_reclaim = max(nr_pages, SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX),
-		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask)),
+		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask)),
 		.order = order,
 		.priority = NODE_RECLAIM_PRIORITY,
 		.may_writepage = !!(node_reclaim_mode & RECLAIM_WRITE),

2.11.0

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From: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>

kmem_zalloc_large and _xfs_buf_map_pages use memalloc_noio_{save,restore} API to prevent from reclaim recursion into the fs because vmalloc can invoke unconditional GFP_KERNEL allocations and these functions might be called from the NOFS contexts. The memalloc_noio_save will enforce GFP_NOIO context which is even weaker than GFP_NOFS and that seems to be unnecessary. Let's use memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} instead as it should provide exactly what we need here - implicit GFP_NOFS context.

Changes since v1
- s@memalloc_noio_restore@memalloc_nofs_restore@ in _xfs_buf_map_pages as per Brian Foster

---
 fs/xfs/kmem.c    | 12 ++++++------
 fs/xfs/xfs_buf.c |  8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

index a76a05dae96b..0c9f94f41b6c 100644
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ kmem_alloc(size_t size, xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 void *
 kmem_zalloc_large(size_t size, xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 {
-	unsigned noio_flag = 0;
+	unsigned nofs_flag = 0;
 	void	*ptr;
 	gfp_t	lflags;
 

@@ -77,17 +77,17 @@ kmem_zalloc_large(size_t size, xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 	 * __vmalloc() will allocate data pages and auxillary structures (e.g.
 	 * pagetables) with GFP_KERNEL, yet we may be under GFP_NOFS context
 	 * here. Hence we need to tell memory reclaim that we are in such a
-	 * context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO to prevent memory reclaim re-entering
+	 * context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS to prevent memory reclaim re-entering
 	 * the filesystem here and potentially deadlocking.
 	 */
-	if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
-		noio_flag = memalloc_noio_save();
+	if (flags & KM_NOFS)
+		nofs_flag = memalloc_nofs_save();
 
 	lflags = kmem_flags_convert(flags);
 	ptr = __vmalloc(size, lflags | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_ZERO, PAGE_KERNEL);
 
-	if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
-		memalloc_noio_restore(noio_flag);
+	if (flags & KM_NOFS)
+		memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs_flag);
 
 	return ptr;
 }

index 8c7d01b75922..676a9ae75b9a 100644
@@ -442,17 +442,17 @@ _xfs_buf_map_pages(
 		bp->b_addr = NULL;
 	} else {
 		int retried = 0;
-		unsigned noio_flag;
+		unsigned nofs_flag;
 
 		/*
 		 * vm_map_ram() will allocate auxillary structures (e.g.
 		 * pagetables) with GFP_KERNEL, yet we are likely to be under
 		 * GFP_NOFS context here. Hence we need to tell memory reclaim
-		 * that we are in such a context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO to prevent
+		 * that we are in such a context via PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS to prevent
 		 * memory reclaim re-entering the filesystem here and
 		 * potentially deadlocking.
 		 */
-		noio_flag = memalloc_noio_save();
+		nofs_flag = memalloc_nofs_save();
 		do {
 			bp->b_addr = vm_map_ram(bp->b_pages, bp->b_page_count,
 						-1, PAGE_KERNEL);

@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ _xfs_buf_map_pages(
 				break;
 			vm_unmap_aliases();
 		} while (retried++ <= 1);
-		memalloc_noio_restore(noio_flag);
+		memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs_flag);
 
 		if (!bp->b_addr)
 			return -ENOMEM;

2.11.0

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which part is out of date?

dunno, the previous wording seems clear enough to me. Maybe little bit more chatty than yours but I am not sure this is worth changing.

Yes that is what I would like to achieve longterm. And the reason why I didn't want to mimic this pattern in kvmalloc as some have suggested. It just takes much more time to get there from the past experience and we should really start somewhere.

Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs

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I prefer to keep the "...yet we are likely to be under GFP_NOFS..." wording of the old comment because it captures the uncertainty of whether or not we actually are already under NOFS. If someone actually has audited this code well enough to know for sure then yes let's change the comment, but I haven't gone that far.

The way the kmem_zalloc_large code is structured suggests to me that callers don't have to be especially aware of the NOFS state -- they can just call the function and it'll take care of making it work.

None of the current kmem_zalloc_large callers actually have a transaction, at least not at that point.

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I believe we can drop the memalloc_nofs_save then as well because either we are called from a potentially dangerous context and thus we are in the nofs scope we we do not need the protection at all.

Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs

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Ugh, /me hands himself another cup of coffee...

Somehow I mixed up _xfs_buf_map_pages and kmem_zalloc_large in this discussion. Probably because they have similar code snippets with very similar comments to two totally different parts of xfs.

The _xfs_buf_map_pages can be called inside or outside of transaction context, so I think we still have to memalloc_nofs_save for that to avoid the lockdep complaints and deadlocks referenced in the commit that added all that (to _xfs_buf_map_pages) in the first place. ae687e58b3 ("xfs: use NOIO contexts for vm_map_ram")

My comments about kmem_zalloc_large still stand, even though the part of the patch you two were discussing was the _xfs_buf_map_pages. I probably should have clarified that I think both functions actually /are/ doing the right thing wrt calling (or not calling) memalloc_nofs_save().

Uh, now that I've muddied up the waters, which part are you referring to?

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Yes, and that memalloc_nofs_save would start with the transaction context so this (_xfs_buf_map_pages) call would be already covered so additional memalloc_nofs_save would be unnecessary. Right now I am not sure whether this is always the case so I have kept this "just to be sure" measure. Checking that would be in the next step when I would like to remove other KM_NOFS usage so that we would always rely on the scope inside the transaction or other potentially dangerous (e.g. from the stack usage POV and who knows what else) contexts.

Does that make more sense now?

Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs

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No, absolutely not. "Belief" is not a sufficient justification for removing low level deadlock avoidance infrastructure. This code needs to remain in _xfs_buf_map_pages() until a full audit of the caller paths is done and we're 100% certain that there are no lurking deadlocks.

For example, I'm pretty sure we can call into _xfs_buf_map_pages() outside of a transaction context but with an inode ILOCK held exclusively. If we then recurse into memory reclaim and try to run a transaction during reclaim, we have an inverted ILOCK vs transaction locking order. i.e. we are not allowed to call xfs_trans_reserve() with an ILOCK held as that can deadlock the log: log full, locked inode pins tail of log, inode cannot be flushed because ILOCK is held by caller waiting for log space to become available....

i.e. there are certain situations where holding a ILOCK is a deadlock vector. See xfs_lock_inodes() for an example of the lengths we go to avoid ILOCK based log deadlocks like this...

Cheers,

Dave.

Dave Chinner
[email protected]

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[...]

Exactly. I was actually refering to "If someone actually has audited this code" above... So I definitely do not want to justify anything based on the belief

Thanks for the reference. This is really helpful!

Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs

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From: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>

now that we have memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} api we can mark the whole transaction context as implicitly GFP_NOFS. All allocations will automatically inherit GFP_NOFS this way. This means that we do not have to mark any of those requests with GFP_NOFS and moreover all the ext4_kv[mz]alloc(GFP_NOFS) are also safe now because even the hardcoded GFP_KERNEL allocations deep inside the vmalloc will be NOFS now.

---
 fs/jbd2/transaction.c | 11 +++++++++++
 include/linux/jbd2.h  |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+)

index e1652665bd93..35a5d3d76182 100644
@@ -388,6 +388,11 @@ static int start_this_handle(journal_t *journal, handle_t *handle,
 
 	rwsem_acquire_read(&journal->j_trans_commit_map, 0, 0, _THIS_IP_);
 	jbd2_journal_free_transaction(new_transaction);
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that no allocations done while the transaction is
+	 * open is going to recurse back to the fs layer.
+	 */
+	handle->saved_alloc_context = memalloc_nofs_save();
 	return 0;
 }
 

@@ -466,6 +471,7 @@ handle_t *jbd2__journal_start(journal_t *journal, int nblocks, int rsv_blocks,
 	trace_jbd2_handle_start(journal->j_fs_dev->bd_dev,
 				handle->h_transaction->t_tid, type,
 				line_no, nblocks);
+
 	return handle;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2__journal_start);

@@ -1760,6 +1766,11 @@ int jbd2_journal_stop(handle_t *handle)
 	if (handle->h_rsv_handle)
 		jbd2_journal_free_reserved(handle->h_rsv_handle);
 free_and_exit:
+	/*
+	 * scope of th GFP_NOFS context is over here and so we can
+	 * restore the original alloc context.
+	 */
+	memalloc_nofs_restore(handle->saved_alloc_context);
 	jbd2_free_handle(handle);
 	return err;
 }

index dfaa1f4dcb0c..606b6bce3a5b 100644
@@ -491,6 +491,8 @@ struct jbd2_journal_handle
 
 	unsigned long		h_start_jiffies;
 	unsigned int		h_requested_credits;
+
+	unsigned int		saved_alloc_context;
 };
 
 

2.11.0

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From: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>

kjournald2 is central to the transaction commit processing. As such any potential allocation from this kernel thread has to be GFP_NOFS. Make sure to mark the whole kernel thread GFP_NOFS by the memalloc_nofs_save.

---
 fs/jbd2/journal.c | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

index 704139625fbe..662531a70ce1 100644
@@ -206,6 +206,13 @@ static int kjournald2(void *arg)
 	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
 
 	/*
+	 * Make sure that no allocations from this kernel thread will ever recurse
+	 * to the fs layer because we are responsible for the transaction commit
+	 * and any fs involvement might get stuck waiting for the trasn. commit.
+	 */
+	memalloc_nofs_save();
+
+	/*
 	 * And now, wait forever for commit wakeup events.
 	 */
 	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);

2.11.0

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