aer inject updates
Subsystems (2)
cover aer inject updates
This is an update to the aer inject that was briefly included in tree, but backed out due to errors in the implementation across various archs. This series should fix those issues and remove any arch specific dependencies so it may continue to be used as before. This series was compile tested using the CROSS_COMPILE build option for ARM.
The first patches two are unchanged from before, but reordered to the front of the series since they should be non-controversial and and the AER interrupt handling is actually necessary now that the AER module uses threaded IRQs.
I moved the ftrace based error injection to be the last patch. I've updated it to use the portable 'instruction_pointer_set()' function instead of trying to modify the arch specific pt_regs directly, and fallback to the existing error injection method if we can't install the ftrace hooks at run time due to either arch or kernel config limitations.
Keith Busch (3):
PCI/AER: Reuse existing pcie_port_find_device() interface PCI/AER: Abstract AER interrupt handling PCI/AER: Covertly inject errors with ftrace hooks
drivers/pci/pcie/aer.c | 3 +- drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c | 248 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------- drivers/pci/pcie/portdrv.h | 4 - drivers/pci/pcie/portdrv_core.c | 1 + 4 files changed, 199 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)
Signature · 1 line
2.14.4
PATCH 1/3 PCI/AER: Reuse existing pcie_port_find_device() interface
The port services driver already provides a method to find the pcie_device for a service. Export that function, use it from the aer_inject module, and remove the duplicate functionality.
--- drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c | 25 ++++--------------------- drivers/pci/pcie/portdrv_core.c | 1 + 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c +4 -21
@@ -303,32 +303,13 @@ static int pci_bus_set_aer_ops(struct pci_bus *bus)return 0 ; } -static int find_aer_device_iter (struct device *device,void *data) -{ -struct pcie_device **result = data; -struct pcie_device *pcie_dev; - -if (device->bus == &pcie_port_bus_type) { - pcie_dev =to_pcie_device (device); -if (pcie_dev->service &PCIE_PORT_SERVICE_AER ) { - *result = pcie_dev; -return 1 ; - } - } -return 0 ; -} - -static int find_aer_device (struct pci_dev *dev,struct pcie_device **result) -{ -return device_for_each_child (&dev->dev, result, find_aer_device_iter); -} -static int aer_inject (struct aer_error_inj *einj) {struct aer_error *err, *rperr;struct aer_error *err_alloc =NULL , *rperr_alloc =NULL ;struct pci_dev *dev, *rpdev;struct pcie_device *edev; +struct device *device;unsigned long flags;unsigned int devfn =PCI_DEVFN (einj->dev, einj->fn);int pos_cap_err, rp_pos_cap_err;
@@ -464,7 +445,9 @@ static int aer_inject(struct aer_error_inj *einj)if (ret) goto out_put; -if (find_aer_device (rpdev, &edev)) { + device =pcie_port_find_device (rpdev,PCIE_PORT_SERVICE_AER ); +if (device) { + edev =to_pcie_device (device);if (!get_service_data (edev)) {dev_warn (&edev->device,"aer_inject: AER service is not initialized\n" );
drivers/pci/pcie/portdrv_core.c +1 -0
@@ -486,6 +486,7 @@ struct device *pcie_port_find_device(struct pci_dev *dev, device = pdrvs.dev;return device; } +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL (pcie_port_find_device);/** * pcie_port_device_remove - unregister PCI Express port service devices
Signature · 1 line
2.14.4
PATCH 2/3 PCI/AER: Abstract AER interrupt handling
In reply to Keith BuschThe aer_inject module was directly calling aer_irq(). This required the AER driver export its private IRQ handler for no other reason than to support error injection. A driver should not have to expose its private interfaces, so use the IRQ subsystem to route injection to the AER driver, and make aer_irq() a private interface.
This provides additional benefits:
First, directly calling the IRQ handler bypassed the IRQ subsytem so the injection wasn't really synthesizing what happens if a shared AER interrupt occurs.
The error injection had to provide the callback data directly, which may be racing with a removal that is freeing that structure. The IRQ subsystem can handle that race.
Finally, using the IRQ subsystem automatically reacts to threaded IRQs, keeping the error injection abstracted from that implementation detail.
--- drivers/pci/pcie/aer.c | 3 +-- drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c | 5 ++++- drivers/pci/pcie/portdrv.h | 4 ---- 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
drivers/pci/pcie/aer.c +1 -2
@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ static irqreturn_t aer_isr(int irq, void *context)* * Invoked when Root Port detects AER messages. */ -irqreturn_t aer_irq (int irq,void *context) +static irqreturn_t aer_irq (int irq,void *context) {struct pcie_device *pdev = (struct pcie_device *)context;struct aer_rpc *rpc =get_service_data (pdev);
@@ -1249,7 +1249,6 @@ irqreturn_t aer_irq(int irq, void *context)return IRQ_WAKE_THREAD ; } -EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL (aer_irq);static int set_device_error_reporting (struct pci_dev *dev,void *data) {
drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c +4 -1
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/init.h> +#include <linux/irq.h> #include <linux/miscdevice.h> #include <linux/pci.h> #include <linux/slab.h>
@@ -457,7 +458,9 @@ static int aer_inject(struct aer_error_inj *einj)dev_info (&edev->device,"aer_inject: Injecting errors %08x/%08x into device %s\n" , einj->cor_status, einj->uncor_status,pci_name (dev)); -aer_irq (-1 , edev); +local_irq_disable (); +generic_handle_irq (edev->irq); +local_irq_enable (); }else {pci_err (rpdev,"aer_inject: AER device not found\n" ); ret = -ENODEV ;
drivers/pci/pcie/portdrv.h +0 -4
@@ -151,10 +151,6 @@ static inline int pcie_aer_get_firmware_first(struct pci_dev *pci_dev) }#endif -#ifdef CONFIG_PCIEAER -irqreturn_t aer_irq (int irq,void *context); -#endif -struct pcie_port_service_driver *pcie_port_find_service (struct pci_dev *dev,u32 service);struct device *pcie_port_find_device (struct pci_dev *dev,u32 service);
Signature · 1 line
2.14.4
PATCH 3/3 PCI/AER: Covertly inject errors with ftrace hooks
In reply to Keith BuschThe aer_inject module had been intercepting config requests by overwriting the config accessor operations in the pci_bus ops. This has several issues.
First, the module was tracking kernel objects unbeknownst to the drivers that own them. The kernel may free those devices, leaving the AER inject module holding stale references and no way to know that happened.
Second, the PCI enumeration has child devices inherit pci_bus ops from the parent bus. Since errors may lead to link resets that trigger re-enumeration, the child devices would inherit operations that don't know about the devices using them, causing kernel crashes.
Finally, CONFIG_PCI_LOCKLESS_CONFIG doesn't block accessing the pci_bus ops, so it's racing with potential in-flight config requests.
This patch uses a different error injection approach leveraging ftrace to thunk the config space functions. If the kernel and architecture are capable, the ftrace hook will overwrite the processor's function call address with the address of the error injecting function. This way doesn't modify or track driver structures, fixing the issues with the current method.
If either the kernel config or platform arch do not support the necessary ftrace capabilities, the aer_inject module will fallback to the older way so that it may continue to be used as before.
--- drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c | 218 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 189 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c +189 -29
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/irq.h> +#include <linux/ftrace.h> +#include <linux/kallsyms.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/linkage.h> #include <linux/miscdevice.h> #include <linux/pci.h> #include <linux/slab.h>
@@ -65,6 +69,8 @@ struct pci_bus_ops {struct pci_ops *ops; }; +static bool legacy; +static LIST_HEAD (einjected);static LIST_HEAD (pci_bus_ops_list);
@@ -176,14 +182,48 @@ static u32 *find_pci_config_dword(struct aer_error *err, int where,return target; } +static int aer_inj_legacy_read (struct pci_bus *bus,unsigned int devfn, +int where,int size,u32 *val) +{ +struct pci_ops *ops, *my_ops; +int rv; + + ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus); +if (!ops) +return -1 ; + + my_ops = bus->ops; + bus->ops = ops; + rv = ops->read (bus, devfn, where, size, val); + bus->ops = my_ops; + +return rv; +} + +static int aer_inj_legacy_write (struct pci_bus *bus,unsigned int devfn, +int where,int size,u32 val) +{ +struct pci_ops *ops, *my_ops; +int rv; + + ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus); +if (!ops) +return -1 ; + + my_ops = bus->ops; + bus->ops = ops; + rv = ops->write (bus, devfn, where, size, val); + bus->ops = my_ops; + +return rv; +} +static int aer_inj_read_config (struct pci_bus *bus,unsigned int devfn,int where,int size,u32 *val) {u32 *sim;struct aer_error *err;unsigned long flags; -struct pci_ops *ops; -struct pci_ops *my_ops;int domain;int rv;
@@ -204,18 +244,7 @@ static int aer_inj_read_config(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn,return 0 ; } out: - ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus); -/* -* pci_lock must already be held, so we can directly -* manipulate bus->ops. Many config access functions, -* including pci_generic_config_read() require the original -* bus->ops be installed to function, so temporarily put them -* back. -*/ - my_ops = bus->ops; - bus->ops = ops; - rv = ops->read (bus, devfn, where, size, val); - bus->ops = my_ops; + rv =aer_inj_legacy_read (bus, devfn, where, size, val);spin_unlock_irqrestore (&inject_lock, flags);return rv; }
@@ -227,8 +256,6 @@ static int aer_inj_write_config(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn,struct aer_error *err;unsigned long flags;int rw1cs; -struct pci_ops *ops; -struct pci_ops *my_ops;int domain;int rv;
@@ -252,18 +279,7 @@ static int aer_inj_write_config(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn,return 0 ; } out: - ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus); -/* -* pci_lock must already be held, so we can directly -* manipulate bus->ops. Many config access functions, -* including pci_generic_config_write() require the original -* bus->ops be installed to function, so temporarily put them -* back. -*/ - my_ops = bus->ops; - bus->ops = ops; - rv = ops->write (bus, devfn, where, size, val); - bus->ops = my_ops; + rv =aer_inj_legacy_write (bus, devfn, where, size, val);spin_unlock_irqrestore (&inject_lock, flags);return rv; }
@@ -288,6 +304,9 @@ static int pci_bus_set_aer_ops(struct pci_bus *bus)struct pci_bus_ops *bus_ops;unsigned long flags; +if (!legacy) +return 0 ; + bus_ops =kmalloc (sizeof (*bus_ops),GFP_KERNEL );if (!bus_ops)return -ENOMEM ;
@@ -504,9 +523,148 @@ static struct miscdevice aer_inject_device = { .fops = &aer_inject_fops, }; +static asmlinkage int (*read_config_dword)(struct pci_bus *bus, +unsigned int devfn, +int where,u32 *val); +static asmlinkage int (*write_config_dword)(struct pci_bus *bus, +unsigned int devfn, +int where,u32 val); +struct aer_hook { +struct ftrace_ops ops; +const char *name; +void *function; +void *original; +unsigned long address; +}; + +static int asmlinkage ainj_read_config_dword(struct pci_bus *bus, +unsigned int devfn,int where,u32 *val) +{ +if (!aer_inj_read_config (bus, devfn, where,sizeof (u32), (u32 *)val)) +return 0 ; +return read_config_dword (bus, devfn, where, val); +} + +static int asmlinkage ainj_write_config_dword(struct pci_bus *bus, +unsigned int devfn,int where,u32 val) +{ +if (!aer_inj_write_config (bus, devfn, where,sizeof (u32), val)) +return 0 ; +return write_config_dword (bus, devfn, where, val); +} + +static int aer_inject_resolve_hook_address (struct aer_hook *hook) +{ + hook->address =kallsyms_lookup_name (hook->name); + +if (!hook->address) { +pr_warn ("unresolved symbol: %s\n" , hook->name); +return -ENOENT ; + } + *((unsigned long *) hook->original) = hook->address +MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE ; + +return 0 ; +} + +static void notrace aer_inject_ftrace_thunk(unsigned long ip, unsigned long parent_ip, +struct ftrace_ops *ops,struct pt_regs *regs) +{ +struct aer_hook *hook = ops->private; +instruction_pointer_set (regs, (unsigned long )hook->function); +} + +static int aer_inject_install_hook (struct aer_hook *hook) +{ +int err; + + err =aer_inject_resolve_hook_address (hook); +if (err) +return err; + + hook->ops.private = hook; + hook->ops.func = aer_inject_ftrace_thunk; + hook->ops.flags =FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS | +FTRACE_OPS_FL_RECURSION_SAFE | +FTRACE_OPS_FL_IPMODIFY ; + err =ftrace_set_filter_ip (&hook->ops, hook->address,0 ,0 ); +if (err) { +pr_warn ("ftrace_set_filter_ip() failed: %d\n" , err); +return err; + } + + err =register_ftrace_function (&hook->ops); +if (err) { +pr_warn ("register_ftrace_function() failed: %d\n" , err); +ftrace_set_filter_ip (&hook->ops, hook->address,1 ,0 ); +return err; + } +return 0 ; +} + +static void aer_inject_remove_hook (struct aer_hook *hook) +{ +int err; + + err =unregister_ftrace_function (&hook->ops); +if (err) +pr_warn ("unregister_ftrace_function() failed: %d\n" , err); + + err =ftrace_set_filter_ip (&hook->ops, hook->address,1 ,0 ); +if (err) +pr_warn ("ftrace_set_filter_ip() failed: %d\n" , err); +} + +static int aer_inject_install_hooks (struct aer_hook *hooks,size_t count) +{ +int err, i; + +for (i =0 ; i < count; i++) { + err =aer_inject_install_hook (&hooks[i]); +if (err) + goto error; + } +return 0 ; +error: +for (i--; i >=0 ; i--) +aer_inject_remove_hook (&hooks[i]); +return err; +} + +static void aer_inject_remove_hooks (struct aer_hook *hooks,size_t count) +{ +int i; + +for (i =0 ; i < count; i++) +aer_inject_remove_hook (&hooks[i]); +} + +static struct aer_hook aer_hooks[] = { + { + .name ="pci_bus_read_config_dword" , + .function = ainj_read_config_dword, + .original = &read_config_dword, + }, + { + .name ="pci_bus_write_config_dword" , + .function = ainj_write_config_dword, + .original = &write_config_dword, + }, +}; +static int __init aer_inject_init (void ) { -return misc_register (&aer_inject_device); +int err; + + err =misc_register (&aer_inject_device); +if (err) +return err; + + err =aer_inject_install_hooks (aer_hooks,ARRAY_SIZE (aer_hooks)); +if (err) { +pr_info ("aer_inject: using legacy error inject method\n" ); + legacy = true; + } +return 0 ; } static void __exit aer_inject_exit(void)
@@ -515,6 +673,8 @@ static void __exit aer_inject_exit(void)unsigned long flags;struct pci_bus_ops *bus_ops; +if (!legacy) +aer_inject_remove_hooks (aer_hooks,ARRAY_SIZE (aer_hooks));misc_deregister (&aer_inject_device);while ((bus_ops =pci_bus_ops_pop ())) {
Signature · 1 line
2.14.4
Re: [PATCH 3/3] PCI/AER: Covertly inject errors with ftrace hooks
Quoted 62 lines · Keith Busch
The
aer_injectmodule had been intercepting config requests by overwriting the config accessor operations in thepci_busops. This has several issues.First, the module was tracking kernel objects unbeknownst to the drivers that own them. The kernel may free those devices, leaving the AER inject module holding stale references and no way to know that happened.
Second, the PCI enumeration has child devices inherit
pci_busops from the parent bus. Since errors may lead to link resets that trigger re-enumeration, the child devices would inherit operations that don't know about the devices using them, causing kernel crashes.Finally,
CONFIG_PCI_LOCKLESS_CONFIGdoesn't block accessing thepci_busops, so it's racing with potential in-flight config requests.This patch uses a different error injection approach leveraging ftrace to thunk the config space functions. If the kernel and architecture are capable, the ftrace hook will overwrite the processor's function call address with the address of the error injecting function. This way doesn't modify or track driver structures, fixing the issues with the current method.
If either the kernel config or platform arch do not support the necessary ftrace capabilities, the
aer_injectmodule will fallback to the older way so that it may continue to be used as before.Signed-off-by Keith Busch <[email protected]>--- drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c | 218 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 189 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c +25
-0+static int aer_inj_legacy_read (struct pci_bus *bus,unsigned int devfn, +int where,int size,u32 *val) +{ +struct pci_ops *ops, *my_ops; +int rv; + + ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus); +if (!ops) +return -1 ; + + my_ops = bus->ops; + bus->ops = ops; + rv = ops->read (bus, devfn, where, size, val); + bus->ops = my_ops; + +return rv; +} + +static int aer_inj_legacy_write (struct pci_bus *bus,unsigned int devfn, +int where,int size,u32 val) +{ +struct pci_ops *ops, *my_ops; +int rv; + + ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus);
drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c static u32 *find_pci_config_dword(struct aer_error *err, int where, · line 219
Quoted 10 lines
drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c +10
-0+if (!ops) +return -1 ; + + my_ops = bus->ops; + bus->ops = ops; + rv = ops->write (bus, devfn, where, size, val); + bus->ops = my_ops; + +return rv; +}
Is there any chance you could split this into two (or more) patches?
The part above looks like pretty straightforward code movement without any functional change. It would be nice to get that part out of the way, then have a smaller patch that adds the fancy ftrace stuff.
Quoted 60 lines
static int aer_inj_read_config(struct
pci_bus*bus, unsigned int devfn,drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c +2
-28int where, int size, u32 *val) { u32 *sim;struct aer_error *err;unsigned long flags; -struct pci_ops *ops; -struct pci_ops *my_ops;int domain;int rv;@@ -204,18 +244,7 @@ static int aer_inj_read_config(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn,return 0 ; } out: - ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus); -/* -* pci_lock must already be held, so we can directly -* manipulate bus->ops. Many config access functions, -* including pci_generic_config_read() require the original -* bus->ops be installed to function, so temporarily put them -* back. -*/ - my_ops = bus->ops; - bus->ops = ops; - rv = ops->read (bus, devfn, where, size, val); - bus->ops = my_ops; + rv =aer_inj_legacy_read (bus, devfn, where, size, val);spin_unlock_irqrestore (&inject_lock, flags);return rv; }@@ -227,8 +256,6 @@ static int aer_inj_write_config(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn,struct aer_error *err;unsigned long flags;int rw1cs; -struct pci_ops *ops; -struct pci_ops *my_ops;int domain;int rv;@@ -252,18 +279,7 @@ static int aer_inj_write_config(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn,return 0 ; } out: - ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus); -/* -* pci_lock must already be held, so we can directly -* manipulate bus->ops. Many config access functions, -* including pci_generic_config_write() require the original -* bus->ops be installed to function, so temporarily put them -* back. -*/ - my_ops = bus->ops; - bus->ops = ops; - rv = ops->write (bus, devfn, where, size, val); - bus->ops = my_ops; + rv =aer_inj_legacy_write (bus, devfn, where, size, val);spin_unlock_irqrestore (&inject_lock, flags);return rv; }
Re: [PATCH 3/3] PCI/AER: Covertly inject errors with ftrace hooks
Quoted 76 lines · Bjorn Helgaas
Quoted 62 lines · Keith Busch
The
aer_injectmodule had been intercepting config requests by overwriting the config accessor operations in thepci_busops. This has several issues.First, the module was tracking kernel objects unbeknownst to the drivers that own them. The kernel may free those devices, leaving the AER inject module holding stale references and no way to know that happened.
Second, the PCI enumeration has child devices inherit
pci_busops from the parent bus. Since errors may lead to link resets that trigger re-enumeration, the child devices would inherit operations that don't know about the devices using them, causing kernel crashes.Finally,
CONFIG_PCI_LOCKLESS_CONFIGdoesn't block accessing thepci_busops, so it's racing with potential in-flight config requests.This patch uses a different error injection approach leveraging ftrace to thunk the config space functions. If the kernel and architecture are capable, the ftrace hook will overwrite the processor's function call address with the address of the error injecting function. This way doesn't modify or track driver structures, fixing the issues with the current method.
If either the kernel config or platform arch do not support the necessary ftrace capabilities, the
aer_injectmodule will fallback to the older way so that it may continue to be used as before.Signed-off-by Keith Busch <[email protected]>--- drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c | 218 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 189 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c +25
-0+static int aer_inj_legacy_read (struct pci_bus *bus,unsigned int devfn, +int where,int size,u32 *val) +{ +struct pci_ops *ops, *my_ops; +int rv; + + ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus); +if (!ops) +return -1 ; + + my_ops = bus->ops; + bus->ops = ops; + rv = ops->read (bus, devfn, where, size, val); + bus->ops = my_ops; + +return rv; +} + +static int aer_inj_legacy_write (struct pci_bus *bus,unsigned int devfn, +int where,int size,u32 val) +{ +struct pci_ops *ops, *my_ops; +int rv; + + ops =__find_pci_bus_ops (bus);drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c static u32 *find_pci_config_dword(struct aer_error *err, int where, · line 219
Quoted 10 lines
drivers/pci/pcie/aer_inject.c +10
-0+if (!ops) +return -1 ; + + my_ops = bus->ops; + bus->ops = ops; + rv = ops->write (bus, devfn, where, size, val); + bus->ops = my_ops; + +return rv; +}Is there any chance you could split this into two (or more) patches?
Quoted 3 lines
The part above looks like pretty straightforward code movement without any functional change. It would be nice to get that part out of the way, then have a smaller patch that adds the fancy ftrace stuff.
No problem, will do.