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Export Runtime Configuration Interface table to sysfs

PATCH In review [email protected] 2 participants 4 messages Jun 29, 2019 – Jul 8, 2019

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PATCH 1/1 Export Runtime Configuration Interface table to sysfs

From: Narendra K <[email protected]>

System firmware advertises the address of the 'Runtime Configuration Interface table version 2 (RCI2)' via an EFI Configuration Table entry. This code retrieves the RCI2 table from the address and exports it to sysfs as a binary attribute 'rci2' under /sys/firmware/efi/tables directory. The approach adopted is similar to the attribute 'DMI' under /sys/firmware/dmi/tables.

RCI2 table contains BIOS HII in XML format and is used to populate BIOS setup page in Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator tool. The BIOS setup page contains BIOS tokens which can be configured.

---
RFC -> v0:

- Removed rci2 table from struct efi and defined it in rci2_table.c similar to the way uv_systab_phys is define in dmesg.
- Removed the oem_tables array and added rci2 to common_tables array
- Removed the string 'rci2' from the common_tables array so that it is not printed in dmesg.
- Merged function 'efi_rci2_table_init' into 'efi_rci2_sysfs_init' function to avoid calling early_memremap/unmap functions.

Also, a note unrelated to this patch - compilation error is observed when testing with make defconfig related to uv_systab_phys in arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c. It seems like it needs to be protected with CONFIG_X86_UV in efi_tables array.

 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi |   8 +
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c                  |   1 +
 drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile                |   2 +-
 drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c                   |   4 +
 drivers/firmware/efi/rci2_table.c            | 147 +++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/efi.h                          |   6 +
 6 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 drivers/firmware/efi/rci2_table.c
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi +8 -0
index e794eac32a90..f7822c522a46 100644
@@ -28,3 +28,11 @@ Description:	Displays the physical addresses of all EFI Configuration
 		versions are always printed first, i.e. ACPI20 comes
 		before ACPI.
 Users:		dmidecode
+
+What:		/sys/firmware/efi/tables/rci2
+Date:		June 2019
+Contact:	Narendra K <[email protected]>, [email protected]
+Description:	Displays the content of the Runtime Configuration Interface
+		Table version 2 on Dell EMC PowerEdge systems in binary format
+Users:		It is used by Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator tool to
+		populate BIOS setup page.
arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c +1 -0
index 002078645969..6e1c1b0ce015 100644
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ static const unsigned long * const efi_tables[] = {
 	&efi.esrt,
 	&efi.properties_table,
 	&efi.mem_attr_table,
+	&rci2_table_phys,
 };
 
 u64 efi_setup;		/* efi setup_data physical address */
drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile +1 -1
index d2d0d2030620..db07828ca1ed 100644
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 KASAN_SANITIZE_runtime-wrappers.o	:= n
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_BGRT) 		+= efi-bgrt.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_EFI)			+= efi.o vars.o reboot.o memattr.o tpm.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_EFI)			+= efi.o vars.o reboot.o memattr.o tpm.o rci2_table.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EFI)			+= capsule.o memmap.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EFI_VARS)			+= efivars.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EFI_ESRT)			+= esrt.o
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c +4 -0
index d082d5b2fb84..429c676f53fb 100644
@@ -363,6 +363,9 @@ static int __init efisubsys_init(void)
 		goto err_remove_group;
 	}
 
+	if (efi_rci2_sysfs_init() != 0)
+		pr_debug("efi rci2: sysfs attribute creation under /sys/firmware/efi/ failed");
+
 	return 0;
 
 err_remove_group:
@@ -463,6 +466,7 @@ static __initdata efi_config_table_type_t common_tables[] = {
 	{LINUX_EFI_RANDOM_SEED_TABLE_GUID, "RNG", &efi.rng_seed},
 	{LINUX_EFI_TPM_EVENT_LOG_GUID, "TPMEventLog", &efi.tpm_log},
 	{LINUX_EFI_MEMRESERVE_TABLE_GUID, "MEMRESERVE", &efi.mem_reserve},
+	{DELLEMC_EFI_RCI2_TABLE_GUID, NULL, &rci2_table_phys},
 	{NULL_GUID, NULL, NULL},
 };
 
drivers/firmware/efi/rci2_table.c new file +147 -0

147 lines not on this page · raw message

include/linux/efi.h +6 -0
index ac48db107214..ef74c7ec75bb 100644
@@ -691,6 +691,9 @@ void efi_native_runtime_setup(void);
 #define LINUX_EFI_TPM_EVENT_LOG_GUID		EFI_GUID(0xb7799cb0, 0xeca2, 0x4943,  0x96, 0x67, 0x1f, 0xae, 0x07, 0xb7, 0x47, 0xfa)
 #define LINUX_EFI_MEMRESERVE_TABLE_GUID		EFI_GUID(0x888eb0c6, 0x8ede, 0x4ff5,  0xa8, 0xf0, 0x9a, 0xee, 0x5c, 0xb9, 0x77, 0xc2)
 
+/* OEM GUIDs */
+#define DELLEMC_EFI_RCI2_TABLE_GUID		EFI_GUID(0x2d9f28a2, 0xa886, 0x456a,  0x97, 0xa8, 0xf1, 0x1e, 0xf2, 0x4f, 0xf4, 0x55)
+
 typedef struct {
 	efi_guid_t guid;
 	u64 table;
@@ -1703,6 +1706,9 @@ struct linux_efi_tpm_eventlog {
 
 extern int efi_tpm_eventlog_init(void);
 
+extern unsigned long rci2_table_phys;
+extern int efi_rci2_sysfs_init(void);
+
 /*
  * efi_runtime_service() function identifiers.
  * "NONE" is used by efi_recover_from_page_fault() to check if the page
Signature · 5 lines
2.18.1

-- 
With regards,
Narendra K
#1 lore raw
Quoted 10 lines · Narendra K

From: Narendra K <[email protected]>

System firmware advertises the address of the 'Runtime Configuration Interface table version 2 (RCI2)' via an EFI Configuration Table entry. This code retrieves the RCI2 table from the address and exports it to sysfs as a binary attribute 'rci2' under /sys/firmware/efi/tables directory. The approach adopted is similar to the attribute 'DMI' under /sys/firmware/dmi/tables.

Quoted 6 lines

RCI2 table contains BIOS HII in XML format and is used to populate BIOS setup page in Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator tool. The BIOS setup page contains BIOS tokens which can be configured.

---

Hi, apologies. I missed mentioning that the patch is created on the 'next' branch of efi tree.

Quoted 4 lines

RFC -> v0:

- Removed rci2 table from struct efi and defined it in rci2_table.c similar to the way uv_systab_phys is define in dmesg.

Correcting the mistake above. It is defined similar to the way uv_systab_phys is defined in arch/x86/platform/uv/bios_uv.c .

Quoted 10 lines

- Removed the oem_tables array and added rci2 to common_tables array
- Removed the string 'rci2' from the common_tables array so that it is not printed in dmesg.
- Merged function 'efi_rci2_table_init' into 'efi_rci2_sysfs_init' function to avoid calling early_memremap/unmap functions.

Also, a note unrelated to this patch - compilation error is observed when testing with make defconfig related to uv_systab_phys in arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c. It seems like it needs to be protected with CONFIG_X86_UV in efi_tables array.

[...]

Signature · 2 lines
With regards,
Narendra K
#2 lore raw
In reply to [email protected]
Quoted 27 lines · On Sat, 29 Jun 2019 at 13:23, <[email protected]> wrote:

From: Narendra K <[email protected]>

System firmware advertises the address of the 'Runtime Configuration Interface table version 2 (RCI2)' via an EFI Configuration Table entry. This code retrieves the RCI2 table from the address and exports it to sysfs as a binary attribute 'rci2' under /sys/firmware/efi/tables directory. The approach adopted is similar to the attribute 'DMI' under /sys/firmware/dmi/tables.

RCI2 table contains BIOS HII in XML format and is used to populate BIOS setup page in Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator tool. The BIOS setup page contains BIOS tokens which can be configured.

---
RFC -> v0:

- Removed rci2 table from struct efi and defined it in rci2_table.c similar to the way uv_systab_phys is define in dmesg.
- Removed the oem_tables array and added rci2 to common_tables array
- Removed the string 'rci2' from the common_tables array so that it is not printed in dmesg.
- Merged function 'efi_rci2_table_init' into 'efi_rci2_sysfs_init' function to avoid calling early_memremap/unmap functions.

Quoted 5 lines

Also, a note unrelated to this patch - compilation error is observed when testing with make defconfig related to uv_systab_phys in arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c. It seems like it needs to be protected with CONFIG_X86_UV in efi_tables array.

Yes, I noticed this as well. This has been fixed now

Quoted 31 lines
 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi |   8 +
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c                  |   1 +
 drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile                |   2 +-
 drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c                   |   4 +
 drivers/firmware/efi/rci2_table.c            | 147 +++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/efi.h                          |   6 +
 6 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 drivers/firmware/efi/rci2_table.c
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi +8 -0
index e794eac32a90..f7822c522a46 100644
@@ -28,3 +28,11 @@ Description: Displays the physical addresses of all EFI Configuration
                versions are always printed first, i.e. ACPI20 comes
                before ACPI.
 Users:         dmidecode
+
+What:          /sys/firmware/efi/tables/rci2
+Date:          June 2019
+Contact:       Narendra K <[email protected]>, [email protected]
+Description:   Displays the content of the Runtime Configuration Interface
+               Table version 2 on Dell EMC PowerEdge systems in binary format
+Users:         It is used by Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator tool to
+               populate BIOS setup page.
arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c +0 -0
index 002078645969..6e1c1b0ce015 100644

arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c static const unsigned long * const efi_tables[] = { · line 83

Quoted 4 lines
arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c +1 -0
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ static const unsigned long * const efi_tables[] = {
        &efi.esrt,
        &efi.properties_table,
        &efi.mem_attr_table,
+       &rci2_table_phys,

Put #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_RCI2 around this line ^^^

drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile line 14

Quoted 13 lines
arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c +0 -0
 };
 
 u64 efi_setup;         /* efi setup_data physical address */
drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile +1 -1
index d2d0d2030620..db07828ca1ed 100644
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 KASAN_SANITIZE_runtime-wrappers.o      := n
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_BGRT)                += efi-bgrt.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_EFI)                      += efi.o vars.o reboot.o memattr.o tpm.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_EFI)                      += efi.o vars.o reboot.o memattr.o tpm.o rci2_table.o

Please introduce a kconfig symbol CONFIG_EFI_RCI2 for this, and only include this file when the symbol is set. You can make it default to y on X86, but for other architectures, it does not make a lot of sense to include this by default.

Quoted 8 lines
drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile +0 -0
 obj-$(CONFIG_EFI)                      += capsule.o memmap.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EFI_VARS)                 += efivars.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EFI_ESRT)                 += esrt.o
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c +0 -0
index d082d5b2fb84..429c676f53fb 100644

drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c static int __init efisubsys_init(void) · line 368

Quoted 6 lines
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c +3 -0
@@ -363,6 +363,9 @@ static int __init efisubsys_init(void)
                goto err_remove_group;
        }
 
+       if (efi_rci2_sysfs_init() != 0)
+               pr_debug("efi rci2: sysfs attribute creation under /sys/firmware/efi/ failed");
+

Please drop this. You can use a late_initcall() in rci2_table.c instead

drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c static __initdata efi_config_table_type_t common_tables[] = { · line 469

Quoted 8 lines
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c +1 -0
        return 0;
 
 err_remove_group:
@@ -463,6 +466,7 @@ static __initdata efi_config_table_type_t common_tables[] = {
        {LINUX_EFI_RANDOM_SEED_TABLE_GUID, "RNG", &efi.rng_seed},
        {LINUX_EFI_TPM_EVENT_LOG_GUID, "TPMEventLog", &efi.tpm_log},
        {LINUX_EFI_MEMRESERVE_TABLE_GUID, "MEMRESERVE", &efi.mem_reserve},
+       {DELLEMC_EFI_RCI2_TABLE_GUID, NULL, &rci2_table_phys},

Put #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_RCI2 around this line ^^^

Quoted 171 lines
drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c +0 -0
        {NULL_GUID, NULL, NULL},
 };
 
drivers/firmware/efi/rci2_table.c new file +147 -0
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..796b93bb5e93
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Export Runtime Configuration Interface Table Version 2 (RCI2)
+ * to sysfs
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Dell Inc
+ * by Narendra K <[email protected]>
+ *
+ * System firmware advertises the address of the RCI2 Table via
+ * an EFI Configuration Table entry. This code retrieves the RCI2
+ * table from the address and exports it to sysfs as a binary
+ * attribute 'rci2' under /sys/firmware/efi/tables directory.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kobject.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/sysfs.h>
+#include <linux/efi.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
+
+#define RCI_SIGNATURE  "_RC_"
+
+struct rci2_table_global_hdr {
+       u16 type;
+       u16 resvd0;
+       u16 hdr_len;
+       u8 rci2_sig[4];
+       u16 resvd1;
+       u32 resvd2;
+       u32 resvd3;
+       u8 major_rev;
+       u8 minor_rev;
+       u16 num_of_structs;
+       u32 rci2_len;
+       u16 rci2_chksum;
+} __packed;
+
+static u8 *rci2_base;
+static u32 rci2_table_len;
+unsigned long rci2_table_phys __ro_after_init = EFI_INVALID_TABLE_ADDR;
+
+static ssize_t raw_table_read(struct file *file, struct kobject *kobj,
+                             struct bin_attribute *attr, char *buf,
+                             loff_t pos, size_t count)
+{
+       memcpy(buf, attr->private + pos, count);
+       return count;
+}
+
+static BIN_ATTR(rci2, S_IRUSR, raw_table_read, NULL, 0);
+
+static u16 checksum(void)
+{
+       u8 len_is_odd = rci2_table_len % 2;
+       u32 chksum_len = rci2_table_len;
+       u16 *base = (u16 *)rci2_base;
+       u8 buf[2] = {0};
+       u32 offset = 0;
+       u16 chksum = 0;
+
+       if (len_is_odd)
+               chksum_len -= 1;
+
+       while (offset < chksum_len) {
+               chksum += *base;
+               offset += 2;
+               base++;
+       }
+
+       if (len_is_odd) {
+               buf[0] = *(u8 *)base;
+               chksum += *(u16 *)(buf);
+       }
+
+       return chksum;
+}
+
+int __init efi_rci2_sysfs_init(void)
+{
+
+       struct kobject *tables_kobj;
+       int ret = -ENOMEM;
+
+       rci2_base = memremap(rci2_table_phys,
+                            sizeof(struct rci2_table_global_hdr),
+                            MEMREMAP_WB);
+       if (!rci2_base) {
+               pr_debug("RCI2 table init failed - could not map RCI2 table\n");
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+       if (strncmp(rci2_base +
+                   offsetof(struct rci2_table_global_hdr, rci2_sig),
+                   RCI_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
+               pr_debug("RCI2 table init failed - incorrect signature\n");
+               ret = -ENODEV;
+               goto err_unmap;
+       }
+
+       rci2_table_len = *(u32 *)(rci2_base +
+                                 offsetof(struct rci2_table_global_hdr,
+                                 rci2_len));
+
+       memunmap(rci2_base);
+
+       if (!rci2_table_len) {
+               pr_debug("RCI2 table init failed - incorrect table length\n");
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+       rci2_base = memremap(rci2_table_phys, rci2_table_len, MEMREMAP_WB);
+       if (!rci2_base) {
+               pr_debug("RCI2 table - could not map RCI2 table\n");
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+       if (checksum() != 0) {
+               pr_debug("RCI2 table - incorrect checksum\n");
+               ret = -ENODEV;
+               goto err_unmap;
+       }
+
+       tables_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("tables", efi_kobj);
+       if (!tables_kobj) {
+               pr_debug("RCI2 table - tables_kobj creation failed\n");
+               goto err_unmap;
+       }
+
+       bin_attr_rci2.size = rci2_table_len;
+       bin_attr_rci2.private = rci2_base;
+       ret = sysfs_create_bin_file(tables_kobj, &bin_attr_rci2);
+       if (ret != 0) {
+               pr_debug("RCI2 table - rci2 sysfs bin file creation failed\n");
+               kobject_del(tables_kobj);
+               kobject_put(tables_kobj);
+               goto err_unmap;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+
+ err_unmap:
+       memunmap(rci2_base);
+ err:
+       pr_debug("RCI2 table - sysfs initialization failed\n");
+       return ret;
+}
include/linux/efi.h +3 -0
index ac48db107214..ef74c7ec75bb 100644
@@ -691,6 +691,9 @@ void efi_native_runtime_setup(void);
 #define LINUX_EFI_TPM_EVENT_LOG_GUID           EFI_GUID(0xb7799cb0, 0xeca2, 0x4943,  0x96, 0x67, 0x1f, 0xae, 0x07, 0xb7, 0x47, 0xfa)
 #define LINUX_EFI_MEMRESERVE_TABLE_GUID                EFI_GUID(0x888eb0c6, 0x8ede, 0x4ff5,  0xa8, 0xf0, 0x9a, 0xee, 0x5c, 0xb9, 0x77, 0xc2)
 
+/* OEM GUIDs */
+#define DELLEMC_EFI_RCI2_TABLE_GUID            EFI_GUID(0x2d9f28a2, 0xa886, 0x456a,  0x97, 0xa8, 0xf1, 0x1e, 0xf2, 0x4f, 0xf4, 0x55)
+
 typedef struct {
        efi_guid_t guid;
        u64 table;

include/linux/efi.h struct linux_efi_tpm_eventlog { · line 1710

Quoted 5 lines
include/linux/efi.h +2 -0
@@ -1703,6 +1706,9 @@ struct linux_efi_tpm_eventlog {
 
 extern int efi_tpm_eventlog_init(void);
 
+extern unsigned long rci2_table_phys;
+extern int efi_rci2_sysfs_init(void);

Drop this declaration as well.

Quoted 10 lines
include/linux/efi.h +1 -1
+
 /*
  * efi_runtime_service() function identifiers.
  * "NONE" is used by efi_recover_from_page_fault() to check if the page
--

2.18.1

--
With regards,
Narendra K

#3 lore raw
Quoted 84 lines · Ard Biesheuvel
Quoted 27 lines · On Sat, 29 Jun 2019 at 13:23, <[email protected]> wrote:

From: Narendra K <[email protected]>

System firmware advertises the address of the 'Runtime Configuration Interface table version 2 (RCI2)' via an EFI Configuration Table entry. This code retrieves the RCI2 table from the address and exports it to sysfs as a binary attribute 'rci2' under /sys/firmware/efi/tables directory. The approach adopted is similar to the attribute 'DMI' under /sys/firmware/dmi/tables.

RCI2 table contains BIOS HII in XML format and is used to populate BIOS setup page in Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator tool. The BIOS setup page contains BIOS tokens which can be configured.

---
RFC -> v0:

- Removed rci2 table from struct efi and defined it in rci2_table.c similar to the way uv_systab_phys is define in dmesg.
- Removed the oem_tables array and added rci2 to common_tables array
- Removed the string 'rci2' from the common_tables array so that it is not printed in dmesg.
- Merged function 'efi_rci2_table_init' into 'efi_rci2_sysfs_init' function to avoid calling early_memremap/unmap functions.

Quoted 5 lines

Also, a note unrelated to this patch - compilation error is observed when testing with make defconfig related to uv_systab_phys in arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c. It seems like it needs to be protected with CONFIG_X86_UV in efi_tables array.

Yes, I noticed this as well. This has been fixed now

Quoted 31 lines
 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi |   8 +
 arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c                  |   1 +
 drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile                |   2 +-
 drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c                   |   4 +
 drivers/firmware/efi/rci2_table.c            | 147 +++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/efi.h                          |   6 +
 6 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 drivers/firmware/efi/rci2_table.c
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-firmware-efi +8 -0
index e794eac32a90..f7822c522a46 100644
@@ -28,3 +28,11 @@ Description: Displays the physical addresses of all EFI Configuration
                versions are always printed first, i.e. ACPI20 comes
                before ACPI.
 Users:         dmidecode
+
+What:          /sys/firmware/efi/tables/rci2
+Date:          June 2019
+Contact:       Narendra K <[email protected]>, [email protected]
+Description:   Displays the content of the Runtime Configuration Interface
+               Table version 2 on Dell EMC PowerEdge systems in binary format
+Users:         It is used by Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator tool to
+               populate BIOS setup page.
arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c +0 -0
index 002078645969..6e1c1b0ce015 100644

arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c static const unsigned long * const efi_tables[] = { · line 83

Quoted 4 lines
arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c +1 -0
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ static const unsigned long * const efi_tables[] = {
        &efi.esrt,
        &efi.properties_table,
        &efi.mem_attr_table,
+       &rci2_table_phys,

Put #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_RCI2 around this line ^^^

Quoted 10 lines
arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c +0 -0
 };
 
 u64 efi_setup;         /* efi setup_data physical address */
drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile +0 -0
index d2d0d2030620..db07828ca1ed 100644
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 KASAN_SANITIZE_runtime-wrappers.o      := n
 
Quoted 8 lines

drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile line 14

Quoted 3 lines
drivers/firmware/efi/Makefile +1 -1
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_BGRT)                += efi-bgrt.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_EFI)                      += efi.o vars.o reboot.o memattr.o tpm.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_EFI)                      += efi.o vars.o reboot.o memattr.o tpm.o rci2_table.o

Please introduce a kconfig symbol CONFIG_EFI_RCI2 for this, and only include this file when the symbol is set. You can make it default to y on X86, but for other architectures, it does not make a lot of sense to include this by default.

Apologies for the delay in responding. I will add the kconfig option and related changes in the next version of the patch. I think the config option could be N by default with a note added in the help section to set it to Y for Dell EMC PowerEdge systems. Please share your thoughts on setting it to N by default.

[...]

Signature · 2 lines
With regards,
Narendra K