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Fix up bpf_jit_limit some more

PATCH Superseded Lorenz Bauer 3 participants 10 messages Oct 12, 2021 – Oct 14, 2021

Subsystems (13)

v2 of 3 Superseded Latest is v3 →

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#0 lore raw

v2 cover Fix up bpf_jit_limit some more

Some more cleanups around bpf_jit_limit to make it readable via sysctl.

Jakub raised the point that a sysctl toggle is UAPI and therefore can't be easily changed later on. I tried to find another place to stick the info, but couldn't find a good one. All the current BPF knobs are in sysctl.

There are examples of read only sysctls:

$ sudo find /proc/sys -perm 0444 | wc -l
90

There are no examples of sysctls with mode 0400 however:

$ sudo find /proc/sys -perm 0400 | wc -l
0

Thoughts?

Changes in v2:
* riscv not sparcv (Luke)
* Expose bpf_jit_current in bytes, not pages (Nicholas)

Lorenz Bauer (4):
bpf: define bpf_jit_alloc_exec_limit for riscv JIT
bpf: define bpf_jit_alloc_exec_limit for arm64 JIT
bpf: prevent increasing bpf_jit_limit above max
bpf: export bpf_jit_current

 Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/net.rst |  6 ++++++
 arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c            |  5 +++++
 arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_core.c            |  5 +++++
 include/linux/filter.h                   |  2 ++
 kernel/bpf/core.c                        |  7 ++++---
 net/core/sysctl_net_core.c               | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 6 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
Signature · 1 line
2.30.2
#1 lore raw

PATCH v2 1/4 bpf: define bpf_jit_alloc_exec_limit for riscv JIT

Expose the maximum amount of useable memory from the riscv JIT.

---
 arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_core.c | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_core.c +5 -0
index fed86f42dfbe..0fee2cbaaf53 100644
@@ -166,6 +166,11 @@ struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	return prog;
 }
 
+u64 bpf_jit_alloc_exec_limit(void)
+{
+	return BPF_JIT_REGION_SIZE;
+}
+
 void *bpf_jit_alloc_exec(unsigned long size)
 {
 	return __vmalloc_node_range(size, PAGE_SIZE, BPF_JIT_REGION_START,
Signature · 1 line
2.30.2
#2 lore raw

PATCH v2 2/4 bpf: define bpf_jit_alloc_exec_limit for arm64 JIT

In reply to Lorenz Bauer

Expose the maximum amount of useable memory from the arm64 JIT.

---
 arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c +5 -0
index 41c23f474ea6..803e7773fa86 100644
@@ -1136,6 +1136,11 @@ struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	return prog;
 }
 
+u64 bpf_jit_alloc_exec_limit(void)
+{
+	return BPF_JIT_REGION_SIZE;
+}
+
 void *bpf_jit_alloc_exec(unsigned long size)
 {
 	return __vmalloc_node_range(size, PAGE_SIZE, BPF_JIT_REGION_START,
Signature · 1 line
2.30.2
#3 lore raw

PATCH v2 3/4 bpf: prevent increasing bpf_jit_limit above max

In reply to Lorenz Bauer

Restrict bpf_jit_limit to the maximum supported by the arch's JIT.

---
 include/linux/filter.h     | 1 +
 kernel/bpf/core.c          | 4 +++-
 net/core/sysctl_net_core.c | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
include/linux/filter.h +1 -0
index 47f80adbe744..8231a6a257f6 100644
@@ -1050,6 +1050,7 @@ extern int bpf_jit_enable;
 extern int bpf_jit_harden;
 extern int bpf_jit_kallsyms;
 extern long bpf_jit_limit;
+extern long bpf_jit_limit_max;
 
 typedef void (*bpf_jit_fill_hole_t)(void *area, unsigned int size);
 
kernel/bpf/core.c +3 -1
index b6c72af64d5d..ab84b3816339 100644
@@ -525,6 +525,7 @@ int bpf_jit_enable   __read_mostly = IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_BPF_JIT_DEFAULT_ON);
 int bpf_jit_kallsyms __read_mostly = IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_BPF_JIT_DEFAULT_ON);
 int bpf_jit_harden   __read_mostly;
 long bpf_jit_limit   __read_mostly;
+long bpf_jit_limit_max __read_mostly;
 
 static void
 bpf_prog_ksym_set_addr(struct bpf_prog *prog)
@@ -818,7 +819,8 @@ u64 __weak bpf_jit_alloc_exec_limit(void)
 static int __init bpf_jit_charge_init(void)
 {
 	/* Only used as heuristic here to derive limit. */
-	bpf_jit_limit = min_t(u64, round_up(bpf_jit_alloc_exec_limit() >> 2,
+	bpf_jit_limit_max = bpf_jit_alloc_exec_limit();
+	bpf_jit_limit = min_t(u64, round_up(bpf_jit_limit_max >> 2,
 					    PAGE_SIZE), LONG_MAX);
 	return 0;
 }
net/core/sysctl_net_core.c +1 -1
index c8496c1142c9..5f88526ad61c 100644
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ static struct ctl_table net_core_table[] = {
 		.mode		= 0600,
 		.proc_handler	= proc_dolongvec_minmax_bpf_restricted,
 		.extra1		= &long_one,
-		.extra2		= &long_max,
+		.extra2		= &bpf_jit_limit_max,
 	},
 #endif
 	{
Signature · 1 line
2.30.2
#4 lore raw

PATCH v2 4/4 bpf: export bpf_jit_current

In reply to Lorenz Bauer

Expose bpf_jit_current as a read only value via sysctl.

---
 Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/net.rst |  6 ++++++
 include/linux/filter.h                   |  1 +
 kernel/bpf/core.c                        |  3 +--
 net/core/sysctl_net_core.c               | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/net.rst +6 -0
index 4150f74c521a..524e7db8d53f 100644
@@ -123,6 +123,12 @@ compiler in order to reject unprivileged JIT requests once it has
 been surpassed. bpf_jit_limit contains the value of the global limit
 in bytes.
 
+bpf_jit_current
+---------------
+
+The amount of JIT memory currently allocated, in bytes. JITing of
+unprivileged BPF is rejected if this value is above bpf_jit_limit.
+
 dev_weight
 ----------
 
include/linux/filter.h +1 -0
index 8231a6a257f6..42c543a21cd8 100644
@@ -1051,6 +1051,7 @@ extern int bpf_jit_harden;
 extern int bpf_jit_kallsyms;
 extern long bpf_jit_limit;
 extern long bpf_jit_limit_max;
+extern atomic_long_t bpf_jit_current;
 
 typedef void (*bpf_jit_fill_hole_t)(void *area, unsigned int size);
 
kernel/bpf/core.c +1 -2
index ab84b3816339..12aedab09222 100644
@@ -526,6 +526,7 @@ int bpf_jit_kallsyms __read_mostly = IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_BPF_JIT_DEFAULT_ON);
 int bpf_jit_harden   __read_mostly;
 long bpf_jit_limit   __read_mostly;
 long bpf_jit_limit_max __read_mostly;
+atomic_long_t bpf_jit_current __read_mostly;
 
 static void
 bpf_prog_ksym_set_addr(struct bpf_prog *prog)
@@ -801,8 +802,6 @@ int bpf_jit_add_poke_descriptor(struct bpf_prog *prog,
 	return slot;
 }
 
-static atomic_long_t bpf_jit_current;
-
 /* Can be overridden by an arch's JIT compiler if it has a custom,
  * dedicated BPF backend memory area, or if neither of the two
  * below apply.
net/core/sysctl_net_core.c +24 -0
index 5f88526ad61c..78603f561482 100644
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/atomic.h>
 
 #include <net/ip.h>
 #include <net/sock.h>
@@ -307,6 +308,22 @@ proc_dolongvec_minmax_bpf_restricted(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
 
 	return proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
 }
+
+static int proc_bpf_jit_current(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
+				void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	long curr = atomic_long_read(&bpf_jit_current) << PAGE_SHIFT;
+	struct ctl_table ctl_entry = {
+		.data		= &curr,
+		.maxlen		= sizeof(long),
+	};
+
+
+	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) || write)
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	return proc_doulongvec_minmax(&ctl_entry, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
+}
 #endif
 
 static struct ctl_table net_core_table[] = {
@@ -421,6 +438,13 @@ static struct ctl_table net_core_table[] = {
 		.extra1		= &long_one,
 		.extra2		= &bpf_jit_limit_max,
 	},
+	{
+		.procname	= "bpf_jit_current",
+		.data		= &bpf_jit_current,
+		.maxlen		= sizeof(long),
+		.mode		= 0400,
+		.proc_handler	= proc_bpf_jit_current,
+	},
 #endif
 	{
 		.procname	= "netdev_tstamp_prequeue",
Signature · 1 line
2.30.2
#5 lore raw

Re: [PATCH v2 4/4] bpf: export bpf_jit_current

Le 12/10/2021 à 15:59, Lorenz Bauer a écrit :

Quoted 4 lines

Expose bpf_jit_current as a read only value via sysctl.

---

[snip]

net/core/sysctl_net_core.c static struct ctl_table net_core_table[] = { · line 445

Quoted 5 lines
net/core/sysctl_net_core.c +5 -0
+	{
+		.procname	= "bpf_jit_current",
+		.data		= &bpf_jit_current,
+		.maxlen		= sizeof(long),
+		.mode		= 0400,

Why not 0444 ?

Regards,
Nicolas

#6 lore raw

Re: [PATCH v2 4/4] bpf: export bpf_jit_current

Quoted 7 lines · Nicolas Dichtel
Quoted 4 lines · Lorenz Bauer

Expose bpf_jit_current as a read only value via sysctl.

---

Quoted 8 lines

[snip]

net/core/sysctl_net_core.c static struct ctl_table net_core_table[] = { · line 445

Quoted 5 lines
net/core/sysctl_net_core.c +5 -0
+     {
+             .procname       = "bpf_jit_current",
+             .data           = &bpf_jit_current,
+             .maxlen         = sizeof(long),
+             .mode           = 0400,

Why not 0444 ?

This mirrors what the other BPF related sysctls do, which only allow access from root with CAP_SYS_ADMIN. I'd prefer 0444 as well, but Daniel explicitly locked down these sysctls in 2e4a30983b0f9b19b59e38bbf7427d7fdd480d98.

Lorenz

--
Lorenz Bauer | Systems Engineer
6th Floor, County Hall/The Riverside Building, SE1 7PB, UK

www.cloudflare.com

#7 lore raw

Re: [PATCH v2 4/4] bpf: export bpf_jit_current

Le 13/10/2021 à 10:35, Lorenz Bauer a écrit :

Quoted 15 lines · Nicolas Dichtel
Quoted 14 lines · Lorenz Bauer
Quoted 4 lines

Expose bpf_jit_current as a read only value via sysctl.

---

[snip]

Quoted 5 lines
net/core/sysctl_net_core.c +5 -0
+     {
+             .procname       = "bpf_jit_current",
+             .data           = &bpf_jit_current,
+             .maxlen         = sizeof(long),
+             .mode           = 0400,
Quoted 6 lines
Quoted 1 line

Why not 0444 ?

This mirrors what the other BPF related sysctls do, which only allow access from root with CAP_SYS_ADMIN. I'd prefer 0444 as well, but Daniel explicitly locked down these sysctls in 2e4a30983b0f9b19b59e38bbf7427d7fdd480d98.

Even after this patch, bpf_jit_enable is 0644.

In fact, if you have CAP_BPF or CAP_SYS_ADMIN, this value has no impact for your programs. But I you don't have one of these capabilities, it may be rejected, but you cannot read these values, which help to understand why.

Regards,
Nicolas

#8 lore raw
In reply to Lorenz Bauer
Quoted 8 lines · Lorenz Bauer

Some more cleanups around bpf_jit_limit to make it readable via sysctl.

Jakub raised the point that a sysctl toggle is UAPI and therefore can't be easily changed later on. I tried to find another place to stick the info, but couldn't find a good one. All the current BPF knobs are in sysctl.

There are examples of read only sysctls:

Quoted 8 lines
$ sudo find /proc/sys -perm 0444 | wc -l
90

There are no examples of sysctls with mode 0400 however:

$ sudo find /proc/sys -perm 0400 | wc -l
0

Thoughts?

I threw this idea out there during LPC already, that it would be cool to use BPF iterators for that. Pinned/preloaded iterators were made for dumping kernel data on demand after all.

What is missing is a BPF iterator type that would run the program just once (there is just one thing to print), and a BPF helper to lookup symbol's address.

I thought this would require a bit of work, but actually getting a PoC (see below) to work was rather pleasntly straightforward.

Perhaps a bit of a hack but I'd consider it as an alternative.

-- >8 --

From bef52bec926ea08ccd32a3421d195210ae7d3b38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub Sitnicki <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 13 Oct 2021 18:54:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] RFC: BPF iterator that always runs the program just once

The test iterator loads the value of bpf_jit_current kernel global:

 # bpftool iter pin tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_iter_once.o /sys/fs/bpf/bpf_jit_current
 libbpf: elf: skipping unrecognized data section(6) .rodata.str1.1
 # cat /sys/fs/bpf/bpf_jit_current
 2
 # for ((i=0; i<10; i++)); do iptables -A OUTPUT -m bpf --bytecode '1,6 0 0 0' -j ACCEPT; done
 # cat /sys/fs/bpf/bpf_jit_current
 12
 # iptables -F OUTPUT
 # cat /sys/fs/bpf/bpf_jit_current
 2
---
 include/uapi/linux/bpf.h                      |  7 ++
 kernel/bpf/Makefile                           |  2 +-
 kernel/bpf/helpers.c                          | 22 ++++++
 kernel/bpf/once_iter.c                        | 76 +++++++++++++++++++
 tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h                |  7 ++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter_once.c       | 33 ++++++++
 6 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 kernel/bpf/once_iter.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter_once.c
include/uapi/linux/bpf.h +7 -0
index 6fc59d61937a..ec117ebd3d58 100644
@@ -4909,6 +4909,12 @@ union bpf_attr {
  *	Return
  *		The number of bytes written to the buffer, or a negative error
  *		in case of failure.
+ *
+ * long bpf_kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name, u32 name_size)
+ *	Description
+ *		Lookup the address for a symbol.
+ *	Return
+ *		Returns 0 if not found.
  */
 #define __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(FN)		\
 	FN(unspec),			\
@@ -5089,6 +5095,7 @@ union bpf_attr {
 	FN(task_pt_regs),		\
 	FN(get_branch_snapshot),	\
 	FN(trace_vprintk),		\
+	FN(kallsyms_lookup_name),	\
 	/* */
 
 /* integer value in 'imm' field of BPF_CALL instruction selects which helper
kernel/bpf/Makefile +1 -1
index 7f33098ca63f..f2dc86ea0f2d 100644
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ cflags-nogcse-$(CONFIG_X86)$(CONFIG_CC_IS_GCC) := -fno-gcse
 endif
 CFLAGS_core.o += $(call cc-disable-warning, override-init) $(cflags-nogcse-yy)
 
-obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += syscall.o verifier.o inode.o helpers.o tnum.o bpf_iter.o map_iter.o task_iter.o prog_iter.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += syscall.o verifier.o inode.o helpers.o tnum.o bpf_iter.o map_iter.o task_iter.o prog_iter.o once_iter.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += hashtab.o arraymap.o percpu_freelist.o bpf_lru_list.o lpm_trie.o map_in_map.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += local_storage.o queue_stack_maps.o ringbuf.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += bpf_local_storage.o bpf_task_storage.o
kernel/bpf/helpers.c +22 -0
index 1ffd469c217f..d2524df54ab5 100644
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
 #include <linux/proc_ns.h>
 #include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
 
 #include "../../lib/kstrtox.h"
 
@@ -1328,6 +1329,25 @@ void bpf_timer_cancel_and_free(void *val)
 	kfree(t);
 }
 
+BPF_CALL_2(bpf_kallsyms_lookup_name, const char *, name, u32, name_size)
+{
+	const char *name_end;
+
+	name_end = strnchr(name, name_size, 0);
+	if (!name_end)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_kallsyms_lookup_name_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_kallsyms_lookup_name,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MEM,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE,
+};
+
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_current_task_proto __weak;
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_current_task_btf_proto __weak;
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_user_proto __weak;
@@ -1404,6 +1424,8 @@ bpf_base_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id)
 		return &bpf_timer_start_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_timer_cancel:
 		return &bpf_timer_cancel_proto;
+	case BPF_FUNC_kallsyms_lookup_name:
+		return &bpf_kallsyms_lookup_name_proto;
 	default:
 		break;
 	}
kernel/bpf/once_iter.c new file +76 -0

76 lines not on this page · raw message

tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h +7 -0
index 6fc59d61937a..ec117ebd3d58 100644
@@ -4909,6 +4909,12 @@ union bpf_attr {
  *	Return
  *		The number of bytes written to the buffer, or a negative error
  *		in case of failure.
+ *
+ * long bpf_kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name, u32 name_size)
+ *	Description
+ *		Lookup the address for a symbol.
+ *	Return
+ *		Returns 0 if not found.
  */
 #define __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(FN)		\
 	FN(unspec),			\
@@ -5089,6 +5095,7 @@ union bpf_attr {
 	FN(task_pt_regs),		\
 	FN(get_branch_snapshot),	\
 	FN(trace_vprintk),		\
+	FN(kallsyms_lookup_name),	\
 	/* */
 
 /* integer value in 'imm' field of BPF_CALL instruction selects which helper
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter_once.c new file +33 -0
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e5e6d779eb51
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2021 Cloudflare, Inc. */
+
+#include "bpf_iter.h"
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+
+SEC("iter/once")
+int dump_once(struct bpf_iter__once *ctx)
+{
+	const char sym_name[] = "bpf_jit_current";
+	struct seq_file *seq = ctx->meta->seq;
+	unsigned long sym_addr;
+	s64 value = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	sym_addr = bpf_kallsyms_lookup_name(sym_name, sizeof(sym_name));
+	if (!sym_addr) {
+		BPF_SEQ_PRINTF(seq, "failed to find %s address\n", sym_name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_probe_read_kernel(&value, sizeof(value), (void *)sym_addr);
+	if (err) {
+		BPF_SEQ_PRINTF(seq, "failed to read from %s address\n", sym_name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	BPF_SEQ_PRINTF(seq, "%ld\n", value);
+
+	return 0;
+}

--
2.31.1

#9 lore raw
Quoted 23 lines · Jakub Sitnicki
Quoted 8 lines · Lorenz Bauer

Some more cleanups around bpf_jit_limit to make it readable via sysctl.

Jakub raised the point that a sysctl toggle is UAPI and therefore can't be easily changed later on. I tried to find another place to stick the info, but couldn't find a good one. All the current BPF knobs are in sysctl.

There are examples of read only sysctls:

Quoted 8 lines
$ sudo find /proc/sys -perm 0444 | wc -l
90

There are no examples of sysctls with mode 0400 however:

$ sudo find /proc/sys -perm 0400 | wc -l
0

Thoughts?

I threw this idea out there during LPC already, that it would be cool to use BPF iterators for that. Pinned/preloaded iterators were made for dumping kernel data on demand after all.

Quoted 8 lines

What is missing is a BPF iterator type that would run the program just once (there is just one thing to print), and a BPF helper to lookup symbol's address.

I thought this would require a bit of work, but actually getting a PoC (see below) to work was rather pleasntly straightforward.

Perhaps a bit of a hack but I'd consider it as an alternative.

I spoke to Jakub, I won't have time to work on this myself. So I'll drop this patch from the series and send a v3 with just the fixes to bpf_jit_limit.

Signature · 4 lines
Lorenz Bauer  |  Systems Engineer
6th Floor, County Hall/The Riverside Building, SE1 7PB, UK

www.cloudflare.com