KVM: SVM: Add initial GHCB protocol version 2 support

From: Joerg Roedel <[email protected]>

The function is only used by the kvm-amd module. Move it to the AMD specific part of the code and name it sev_emulate_ap_reset_hold().

Signed-off-by Joerg Roedel <[email protected]>

---

From: Tom Lendacky <[email protected]>

Add support for AP Reset Hold being invoked using the GHCB MSR protocol, available in version 2 of the GHCB specification.

Signed-off-by Tom Lendacky <[email protected]>

Signed-off-by Brijesh Singh <[email protected]>

Signed-off-by Joerg Roedel <[email protected]>

---
 arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h |  1 -
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c          | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h          |  8 +++++
 3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h +0 -0

index b67f550616cf..5c6b1469cc3b 100644

arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h +0 -0

 #define PFERR_PRESENT_BIT 0
 #define PFERR_WRITE_BIT 1
 #define PFERR_USER_BIT 2

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c +11 -1

index 9afa71cb36e6..10af4ac83971 100644
@@ -2246,6 +2246,9 @@ static int sev_es_validate_vmgexit(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 
 void sev_es_unmap_ghcb(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 {
+	/* Clear any indication that the vCPU is in a type of AP Reset Hold */
+	svm->reset_hold_type = AP_RESET_HOLD_NONE;
+
 	if (!svm->ghcb)
 		return;
 

@@ -2405,14 +2408,21 @@ static u64 ghcb_msr_version_info(void)
 	return msr;
 }
 
-static int sev_emulate_ap_reset_hold(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
+static int sev_emulate_ap_reset_hold(struct vcpu_svm *svm, enum ap_reset_hold_type type)
 {
 	int ret = kvm_skip_emulated_instruction(&svm->vcpu);
 
+	svm->reset_hold_type = type;
+
 	return __kvm_vcpu_halt(&svm->vcpu,
 			       KVM_MP_STATE_AP_RESET_HOLD, KVM_EXIT_AP_RESET_HOLD) && ret;
 }
 
+static u64 ghcb_msr_ap_rst_resp(u64 value)
+{
+	return (u64)GHCB_MSR_AP_RESET_HOLD_RESP | (value << GHCB_DATA_LOW);
+}
+
 static int sev_handle_vmgexit_msr_protocol(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 {
 	struct vmcb_control_area *control = &svm->vmcb->control;

@@ -2459,6 +2469,16 @@ static int sev_handle_vmgexit_msr_protocol(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c +0 -7

 		return;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Subsequent SIPI: Return from an AP Reset Hold VMGEXIT, where
-	 * the guest will set the CS and RIP. Set SW_EXIT_INFO_2 to a
-	 * non-zero value.
-	 */
-	if (!svm->ghcb)
-		return;

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c +11 -0

+		break;
+	case AP_RESET_HOLD_MSR_PROTO:
+		/*
+		 * Return from an AP Reset Hold VMGEXIT, where the guest will
+		 * set the CS and RIP. Set GHCB data field to a non-zero value.
+		 */
+		svm->vmcb->control.ghcb_gpa = ghcb_msr_ap_rst_resp(1);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
 }

arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h +8 -0

index 68e5f16a0554..bf9379f1cfb8 100644
@@ -69,6 +69,12 @@ enum {
 /* TPR and CR2 are always written before VMRUN */
 #define VMCB_ALWAYS_DIRTY_MASK	((1U << VMCB_INTR) | (1U << VMCB_CR2))
 
+enum ap_reset_hold_type {
+	AP_RESET_HOLD_NONE,
+	AP_RESET_HOLD_NAE_EVENT,
+	AP_RESET_HOLD_MSR_PROTO,
+};
+
 struct kvm_sev_info {
 	bool active;		/* SEV enabled guest */
 	bool es_active;		/* SEV-ES enabled guest */

@@ -199,6 +205,8 @@ struct vcpu_svm {
 	bool ghcb_sa_free;
 
 	bool guest_state_loaded;
+
+	enum ap_reset_hold_type reset_hold_type;
 };
 
 struct svm_cpu_data {

Signature · 1 line

2.33.1

Quoted 4 lines · Joerg Roedel

From: Tom Lendacky <[email protected]>

Add support for AP Reset Hold being invoked using the GHCB MSR protocol, available in version 2 of the GHCB specification.

The changelog needs to explain how this is actually supposed to work. Doesn't need gory details, just a basic explanation of the sequence of events to wake a vCPU that requested a reset hold.

I apologize in advance for the following rant(s). There's some actionable feedback, but a lot of it is just me complaining about the reset hold nonsense.

For the actual feedback, attached are two patches: patch 1 eliminates the "first_sipi_received" hack, patch 2 is a (hopefully) fixed version of this patch (but doesn't have an updated changelog). Both are compile tested only. There will be a benign conflict with patch 05 of this series.

Quoted 14 lines

Signed-off-by Tom Lendacky <[email protected]>

Signed-off-by Brijesh Singh <[email protected]>

Signed-off-by Joerg Roedel <[email protected]>

---
  arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h |  1 -
  arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c          | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h          |  8 +++++
  3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h +0 -0

index b67f550616cf..5c6b1469cc3b 100644

arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h enum x86_intercept_stage; · line 240

Quoted 4 lines

arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h +0 -1

@@ -237,7 +237,6 @@ enum x86_intercept_stage;
  	KVM_GUESTDBG_INJECT_DB | \
  	KVM_GUESTDBG_BLOCKIRQ)
 
-

Spurious whitespace change.

Quoted 42 lines

arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h +0 -0

  #define PFERR_PRESENT_BIT 0
  #define PFERR_WRITE_BIT 1
  #define PFERR_USER_BIT 2

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c +11 -1

index 9afa71cb36e6..10af4ac83971 100644
@@ -2246,6 +2246,9 @@ static int sev_es_validate_vmgexit(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 
  void sev_es_unmap_ghcb(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
  {
+	/* Clear any indication that the vCPU is in a type of AP Reset Hold */
+	svm->reset_hold_type = AP_RESET_HOLD_NONE;
+
  	if (!svm->ghcb)
  		return;
 

@@ -2405,14 +2408,21 @@ static u64 ghcb_msr_version_info(void)
  	return msr;
  }
 
-static int sev_emulate_ap_reset_hold(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
+static int sev_emulate_ap_reset_hold(struct vcpu_svm *svm, enum ap_reset_hold_type type)
  {
  	int ret = kvm_skip_emulated_instruction(&svm->vcpu);
 
+	svm->reset_hold_type = type;
+
  	return __kvm_vcpu_halt(&svm->vcpu,
  			       KVM_MP_STATE_AP_RESET_HOLD, KVM_EXIT_AP_RESET_HOLD) && ret;
  }
 
+static u64 ghcb_msr_ap_rst_resp(u64 value)
+{
+	return (u64)GHCB_MSR_AP_RESET_HOLD_RESP | (value << GHCB_DATA_LOW);
+}
+
  static int sev_handle_vmgexit_msr_protocol(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
  {
  	struct vmcb_control_area *control = &svm->vmcb->control;

@@ -2459,6 +2469,16 @@ static int sev_handle_vmgexit_msr_protocol(struct vcpu_svm *svm)
 

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c static int sev_handle_vmgexit_msr_protocol(struct vcpu_svm *svm) · line 2479

Quoted 10 lines

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c +8 -0

  		break;
  	}
+	case GHCB_MSR_AP_RESET_HOLD_REQ:
+		ret = sev_emulate_ap_reset_hold(svm, AP_RESET_HOLD_MSR_PROTO);
+
+		/*
+		 * Preset the result to a non-SIPI return and then only set
+		 * the result to non-zero when delivering a SIPI.
+		 */
+		svm->vmcb->control.ghcb_gpa = ghcb_msr_ap_rst_resp(0);

This can race with the SIPI and effectively corrupt svm->vmcb->control.ghcb_gpa.

         vCPU0                           vCPU1
                                         #VMGEXIT(RESET_HOLD)
                                         __kvm_vcpu_halt()
         INIT
         SIPI
         sev_vcpu_deliver_sipi_vector()
         ghcb_msr_ap_rst_resp(1);

                                         ghcb_msr_ap_rst_resp(0);

Note, the "INIT" above is mostly a guess. I'm pretty sure it's necessary because I don't see how KVM can possibly be correct otherwise. The SIPI handler (below) quite clearly expects the vCPU to have been in an AP reset hold, but the invocation of sev_vcpu_deliver_sipi_vector is gated by the vCPU being in KVM_MP_STATE_INIT_RECEIVED, not KVM_MP_STATE_AP_RESET_HOLD. That implies the BSP must INIT the AP.

                 if (vcpu->arch.mp_state == KVM_MP_STATE_INIT_RECEIVED) {
                         /* evaluate pending_events before reading the vector */
                         smp_rmb();
                         sipi_vector = apic->sipi_vector;
                         kvm_x86_ops.vcpu_deliver_sipi_vector(vcpu, sipi_vector);
                         vcpu->arch.mp_state = KVM_MP_STATE_RUNNABLE;
                 }

But the GHCB 2.0 spec doesn't actually say that; it instead implies that SIPI is supposed to be able to directly wake the AP.

* When a guest AP reaches its HLT loop (or similar method for parking the AP), it instead can either:
1. Issue an AP Reset Hold NAE event.
2. Issue the AP Reset Hold Request MSR Protocol
* The hypervisor treats treats either request like the guest issued a HLT
^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^
spec typo ???
instruction and marks the vCPU as halted.
* When the hypervisor receives a SIPI request for the vCPU, it will not update ^^^^^^^^^^^^
any register values and, instead, it will either complete the AP Reset Hold NAE event or complete the AP Reset Hold MSR protocol
* Mark the vCPU as active, allowing the VMGEXIT to complete.
* Upon return from the VMGEXIT, the AP must transition from its current execution mode into real mode and begin executing at the reset vector supplied in the SIPI request.

Piecing things together, my understanding is that the "hold request" really is intended to be a HLT, but with extra semantics where the host sets sw_exit_info_2 to indicate that the vCPU was woken by INIT-SIPI.

It's probably too late to change the spec, but I'm going to complain anyways. This is all ridiculously convoluted and completely unnecessary. As pointed out in the SNP series regarding AP "creation", this can be fully handled in the guest via a simple mailbox between firmware and kernel. What's really fubar is that the guest firmware and kernel already have a mailbox! But it's defined by the GHCB spec instead of e.g. ACPI, and so instead of handling this fully within the guest, the hypervisor (and PSP to some extent on SNP because of the secrets page!!!) gets involved.

The complications to support this in the guest firmware are hilarious, e.g. the guest hasto manually switch from 64-bit mode to Real Mode just so that the kernel can continue to use a horribly antiquated method for gaining control of APs.

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c void sev_vcpu_deliver_sipi_vector(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u8 vector)

Quoted 15 lines

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c +3 -1

+
+		break;
  	case GHCB_MSR_TERM_REQ: {
  		u64 reason_set, reason_code;
 

@@ -2544,7 +2564,7 @@ int sev_handle_vmgexit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
  		ret = svm_invoke_exit_handler(vcpu, SVM_EXIT_IRET);
  		break;
  	case SVM_VMGEXIT_AP_HLT_LOOP:
-		ret = sev_emulate_ap_reset_hold(svm);
+		ret = sev_emulate_ap_reset_hold(svm, AP_RESET_HOLD_NAE_EVENT);
  		break;
  	case SVM_VMGEXIT_AP_JUMP_TABLE: {
  		struct kvm_sev_info *sev = &to_kvm_svm(vcpu->kvm)->sev_info;

@@ -2679,13 +2699,23 @@ void sev_vcpu_deliver_sipi_vector(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u8 vector)

Tying into above, handling this in SIPI is flawed. For example, if the guest does INIT-SIPI-SIPI without a reset hold, KVM would incorrect set sw_exit_info_2 on the SIPI. Because this mess requires an INIT, KVM has lost track of whether the guest was in KVM_MP_STATE_AP_RESET_HOLD and thus can't know if the SIPI arrived after a reset hold. Looking at KVM, IIUC, this bug is why the hack "received_first_sipi" exists.

Of course this all begs the question of why there's a "reset hold" concept in the first place. It's literally HLT with a flag to say "you got INIT-SIPI". But the guest has to supply and fill a jump table! Just put the flag in the jump table!!!!

Quoted 10 lines

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c +0 -7

  		return;
  	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Subsequent SIPI: Return from an AP Reset Hold VMGEXIT, where
-	 * the guest will set the CS and RIP. Set SW_EXIT_INFO_2 to a
-	 * non-zero value.
-	 */
-	if (!svm->ghcb)
-		return;

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c void sev_es_prepare_guest_switch(struct vcpu_svm *svm, unsigned int cpu)

Quoted 10 lines

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c +8 -2

-
-	ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_2(svm->ghcb, 1);
+	/* Subsequent SIPI */
+	switch (svm->reset_hold_type) {
+	case AP_RESET_HOLD_NAE_EVENT:
+		/*
+		 * Return from an AP Reset Hold VMGEXIT, where the guest will
+		 * set the CS and RIP. Set SW_EXIT_INFO_2 to a non-zero value.
+		 */
+		ghcb_set_sw_exit_info_2(svm->ghcb, 1);

Doesn't this need to check for a null svm->ghcb?

I also suspect a boolean might make it easier to understand the implications and also make the whole thing less error prone, e.g.

         if (svm->reset_hold_msr_protocol) {

         } else if (svm->ghcb) {

         }

Quoted 41 lines

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c +11 -0

+		break;
+	case AP_RESET_HOLD_MSR_PROTO:
+		/*
+		 * Return from an AP Reset Hold VMGEXIT, where the guest will
+		 * set the CS and RIP. Set GHCB data field to a non-zero value.
+		 */
+		svm->vmcb->control.ghcb_gpa = ghcb_msr_ap_rst_resp(1);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
  }

arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h +8 -0

index 68e5f16a0554..bf9379f1cfb8 100644
@@ -69,6 +69,12 @@ enum {
  /* TPR and CR2 are always written before VMRUN */
  #define VMCB_ALWAYS_DIRTY_MASK	((1U << VMCB_INTR) | (1U << VMCB_CR2))
 
+enum ap_reset_hold_type {
+	AP_RESET_HOLD_NONE,
+	AP_RESET_HOLD_NAE_EVENT,
+	AP_RESET_HOLD_MSR_PROTO,
+};
+
  struct kvm_sev_info {
  	bool active;		/* SEV enabled guest */
  	bool es_active;		/* SEV-ES enabled guest */

@@ -199,6 +205,8 @@ struct vcpu_svm {
  	bool ghcb_sa_free;
 
  	bool guest_state_loaded;
+
+	enum ap_reset_hold_type reset_hold_type;
  };
 
  struct svm_cpu_data {

Signature · 1 line

2.33.1

Quoted 10 lines · Sean Christopherson

On Wed, Oct 20, 2021, Joerg Roedel wrote:
This can race with the SIPI and effectively corrupt svm->vmcb->control.ghcb_gpa.

         vCPU0                           vCPU1
                                         #VMGEXIT(RESET_HOLD)
                                         __kvm_vcpu_halt()
         INIT
         SIPI
         sev_vcpu_deliver_sipi_vector()
         ghcb_msr_ap_rst_resp(1);

This isn't possible. vCPU0 doesn't set vCPU1's GHCB value. vCPU1's GHCB value is set when vCPU1 handles events in vcpu_enter_guest().

On Wed, Oct 20, 2021, Joerg Roedel wrote:

Tying into above, handling this in SIPI is flawed. For example, if the guest does INIT-SIPI-SIPI without a reset hold, KVM would incorrect set sw_exit_info_2 on the SIPI. Because this mess requires an INIT, KVM has lost track of whether the guest was in KVM_MP_STATE_AP_RESET_HOLD and thus can't know if the SIPI arrived after a reset hold. Looking at KVM, IIUC, this bug is why the hack "received_first_sipi" exists.