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md: do not _put wrong device in md_seq_next

PATCH Superseded Mariusz Tkaczyk 3 participants 7 messages Sep 12, 2023 – Sep 13, 2023 MD RAID

v2 of 3 Superseded Latest is v3 →

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PATCH v2 1/1 md: do not _put wrong device in md_seq_next

During working on changes proposed by Kuai [1], I determined that mddev->active is continusly decremented for array marked by MD_CLOSING. It brought me to md_seq_next() changed by [2]. I determined the regression here, if mddev_get() fails we updated mddev pointer and as a result we _put failed device.

I isolated the change in md_seq_next() and tested it- issue is no longer reproducible but I don't see the root cause in this scenario. The bug is obvious so I proceed with fixing. I will submit MD_CLOSING patches separatelly.

Put the device which has been _get with previous md_seq_next() call. Add guard for inproper mddev_put usage(). It shouldn't be called if there are less than 1 for mddev->active.

I didn't convert atomic_t to refcount_t because refcount warns when 0 is achieved which is likely to happen for mddev->active.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-raid/[email protected]/T/#m6a534677d9654a4236623661c10646d45419ee1b
[2] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=217798

Fixes 12a6caf27324 ("md: only delete entries from all_mddevs when the disk is freed")
Cc Yu Kuai <[email protected]>
Cc AceLan Kao <[email protected]>
---
 drivers/md/md.c | 20 +++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
drivers/md/md.c +11 -9
index 0fe7ab6e8ab9..bb654ff62765 100644
@@ -618,6 +618,12 @@ static void mddev_delayed_delete(struct work_struct *ws);
 
 void mddev_put(struct mddev *mddev)
 {
+	/* Guard for ambiguous put. */
+	if (unlikely(atomic_read(&mddev->active) < 1)) {
+		pr_warn("%s: active refcount is lower than 1\n", mdname(mddev));
+		return;
+	}
+
 	if (!atomic_dec_and_lock(&mddev->active, &all_mddevs_lock))
 		return;
 	if (!mddev->raid_disks && list_empty(&mddev->disks) &&
@@ -8227,19 +8233,16 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
 {
 	struct list_head *tmp;
 	struct mddev *next_mddev, *mddev = v;
-	struct mddev *to_put = NULL;
 
 	++*pos;
-	if (v == (void*)2)
+	if (v == (void *)2)
 		return NULL;
 
 	spin_lock(&all_mddevs_lock);
-	if (v == (void*)1) {
+	if (v == (void *)1)
 		tmp = all_mddevs.next;
-	} else {
-		to_put = mddev;
+	else
 		tmp = mddev->all_mddevs.next;
-	}
 
 	for (;;) {
 		if (tmp == &all_mddevs) {
@@ -8250,12 +8253,11 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
 		next_mddev = list_entry(tmp, struct mddev, all_mddevs);
 		if (mddev_get(next_mddev))
 			break;
-		mddev = next_mddev;
-		tmp = mddev->all_mddevs.next;
+		tmp = next_mddev->all_mddevs.next;
 	}
 	spin_unlock(&all_mddevs_lock);
 
-	if (to_put)
+	if (v != (void *)1)
 		mddev_put(mddev);
 	return next_mddev;
 
Signature · 1 line
2.26.2
Reviewed-by on v2 1/1
#1 lore raw

Hi,

Quoted 5 lines · Mariusz Tkaczyk

During working on changes proposed by Kuai [1], I determined that mddev->active is continusly decremented for array marked by MD_CLOSING. It brought me to md_seq_next() changed by [2]. I determined the regression here, if mddev_get() fails we updated mddev pointer and as a result we _put failed device.

This mddev is decremented while there is another mddev increased, that's why AceLan said that single array can't reporduce the problem.

And because mddev->active is leaked, then del_gendisk() will never be called for the mddev while closing the array, that's why user will always see this array, cause infiniate loop open -> stop array -> close for systemd-shutdown.

Quoted 6 lines

I isolated the change in md_seq_next() and tested it- issue is no longer reproducible but I don't see the root cause in this scenario. The bug is obvious so I proceed with fixing. I will submit MD_CLOSING patches separatelly.

Quoted 7 lines

Put the device which has been _get with previous md_seq_next() call. Add guard for inproper mddev_put usage(). It shouldn't be called if there are less than 1 for mddev->active.

I didn't convert atomic_t to refcount_t because refcount warns when 0 is achieved which is likely to happen for mddev->active.

LGTM,

Quoted 67 lines

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-raid/[email protected]/T/#m6a534677d9654a4236623661c10646d45419ee1b
[2] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=217798

Fixes 12a6caf27324 ("md: only delete entries from all_mddevs when the disk is freed")
Cc Yu Kuai <[email protected]>
Cc AceLan Kao <[email protected]>
---
  drivers/md/md.c | 20 +++++++++++---------
  1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
drivers/md/md.c +11 -9
index 0fe7ab6e8ab9..bb654ff62765 100644
@@ -618,6 +618,12 @@ static void mddev_delayed_delete(struct work_struct *ws);
 
  void mddev_put(struct mddev *mddev)
  {
+	/* Guard for ambiguous put. */
+	if (unlikely(atomic_read(&mddev->active) < 1)) {
+		pr_warn("%s: active refcount is lower than 1\n", mdname(mddev));
+		return;
+	}
+
  	if (!atomic_dec_and_lock(&mddev->active, &all_mddevs_lock))
  		return;
  	if (!mddev->raid_disks && list_empty(&mddev->disks) &&
@@ -8227,19 +8233,16 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
  {
  	struct list_head *tmp;
  	struct mddev *next_mddev, *mddev = v;
-	struct mddev *to_put = NULL;
 
  	++*pos;
-	if (v == (void*)2)
+	if (v == (void *)2)
  		return NULL;
 
  	spin_lock(&all_mddevs_lock);
-	if (v == (void*)1) {
+	if (v == (void *)1)
  		tmp = all_mddevs.next;
-	} else {
-		to_put = mddev;
+	else
  		tmp = mddev->all_mddevs.next;
-	}
 
  	for (;;) {
  		if (tmp == &all_mddevs) {
@@ -8250,12 +8253,11 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
  		next_mddev = list_entry(tmp, struct mddev, all_mddevs);
  		if (mddev_get(next_mddev))
  			break;
-		mddev = next_mddev;
-		tmp = mddev->all_mddevs.next;
+		tmp = next_mddev->all_mddevs.next;
  	}
  	spin_unlock(&all_mddevs_lock);
 
-	if (to_put)
+	if (v != (void *)1)
  		mddev_put(mddev);
  	return next_mddev;
 
#2 lore raw
Quoted 9 lines · On Tue, 12 Sep 2023 21:25:24 +0800 Yu Kuai <[email protected]> wrote:

Hi,

Quoted 5 lines · Mariusz Tkaczyk

During working on changes proposed by Kuai [1], I determined that mddev->active is continusly decremented for array marked by MD_CLOSING. It brought me to md_seq_next() changed by [2]. I determined the regression here, if mddev_get() fails we updated mddev pointer and as a result we _put failed device.

Quoted 7 lines

This mddev is decremented while there is another mddev increased, that's why AceLan said that single array can't reporduce the problem.

And because mddev->active is leaked, then del_gendisk() will never be called for the mddev while closing the array, that's why user will always see this array, cause infiniate loop open -> stop array -> close for systemd-shutdown.

Ohh, I see the scenario now...
First array can be successfully stopped. We marked MD_DELETED and proceed with scheduling wq but in the middle of that md_seq_next() increased active for other array and decrement active for the one with MD_DELETED.
For this next array we are unable to reach active == 0 anymore.

Song, let me know if you need description like that in commit message.

Thanks!
Mariusz

maintainer
#3 lore raw

Hi Mariusz,

Thanks for the fix!

Quoted 21 lines · Mariusz Tkaczyk
Quoted 9 lines · On Tue, 12 Sep 2023 21:25:24 +0800 Yu Kuai <[email protected]> wrote:

Hi,

Quoted 5 lines · Mariusz Tkaczyk

During working on changes proposed by Kuai [1], I determined that mddev->active is continusly decremented for array marked by MD_CLOSING. It brought me to md_seq_next() changed by [2]. I determined the regression here, if mddev_get() fails we updated mddev pointer and as a result we _put failed device.

Quoted 7 lines

This mddev is decremented while there is another mddev increased, that's why AceLan said that single array can't reporduce the problem.

And because mddev->active is leaked, then del_gendisk() will never be called for the mddev while closing the array, that's why user will always see this array, cause infiniate loop open -> stop array -> close for systemd-shutdown.

Quoted 7 lines

Ohh, I see the scenario now...
First array can be successfully stopped. We marked MD_DELETED and proceed with scheduling wq but in the middle of that md_seq_next() increased active for other array and decrement active for the one with MD_DELETED.
For this next array we are unable to reach active == 0 anymore.

Song, let me know if you need description like that in commit message.

Yes, please revise the commit log to include this information.

Also, please add Reported-by: and/or Closes: tags.

Thanks again!
Song

maintainer
#4 lore raw
In reply to Mariusz Tkaczyk
Quoted 35 lines · Mariusz Tkaczyk

During working on changes proposed by Kuai [1], I determined that mddev->active is continusly decremented for array marked by MD_CLOSING. It brought me to md_seq_next() changed by [2]. I determined the regression here, if mddev_get() fails we updated mddev pointer and as a result we _put failed device.

I isolated the change in md_seq_next() and tested it- issue is no longer reproducible but I don't see the root cause in this scenario. The bug is obvious so I proceed with fixing. I will submit MD_CLOSING patches separatelly.

Put the device which has been _get with previous md_seq_next() call. Add guard for inproper mddev_put usage(). It shouldn't be called if there are less than 1 for mddev->active.

I didn't convert atomic_t to refcount_t because refcount warns when 0 is achieved which is likely to happen for mddev->active.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-raid/[email protected]/T/#m6a534677d9654a4236623661c10646d45419ee1b
[2] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=217798

Fixes 12a6caf27324 ("md: only delete entries from all_mddevs when the disk is freed")
Cc Yu Kuai <[email protected]>
Cc AceLan Kao <[email protected]>
---
 drivers/md/md.c | 20 +++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
drivers/md/md.c +0 -0
index 0fe7ab6e8ab9..bb654ff62765 100644

drivers/md/md.c static void mddev_delayed_delete(struct work_struct *ws); · line 626

Quoted 9 lines
drivers/md/md.c +6 -0
@@ -618,6 +618,12 @@ static void mddev_delayed_delete(struct work_struct *ws);
 
 void mddev_put(struct mddev *mddev)
 {
+       /* Guard for ambiguous put. */
+       if (unlikely(atomic_read(&mddev->active) < 1)) {
+               pr_warn("%s: active refcount is lower than 1\n", mdname(mddev));
+               return;
+       }
+

Could you please explain why we need this guard? We should probably fix the caller that causes this.

drivers/md/md.c static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos) · line 8230

Quoted 8 lines
drivers/md/md.c +0 -1
        if (!atomic_dec_and_lock(&mddev->active, &all_mddevs_lock))
                return;
        if (!mddev->raid_disks && list_empty(&mddev->disks) &&
@@ -8227,19 +8233,16 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
 {
        struct list_head *tmp;
        struct mddev *next_mddev, *mddev = v;
-       struct mddev *to_put = NULL;

IIUC, all we need is the following:

drivers/md/md.c +0 -0
index 73758b754127..a104a025084d 100644
@@ -8265,7 +8265,7 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq,

void *v, loff_t *pos)

        spin_unlock(&all_mddevs_lock);

        if (to_put)
-               mddev_put(mddev);
+               mddev_put(to_put);
        return next_mddev;

}

Is this sufficient? If so, how about we ship this first and refactor the code later
in a separate patch?

Thanks,
Song

#5 lore raw
Quoted 40 lines · On Tue, 12 Sep 2023 15:49:12 -0700 Song Liu <[email protected]> wrote:
Quoted 38 lines · Mariusz Tkaczyk

During working on changes proposed by Kuai [1], I determined that mddev->active is continusly decremented for array marked by MD_CLOSING. It brought me to md_seq_next() changed by [2]. I determined the regression here, if mddev_get() fails we updated mddev pointer and as a result we _put failed device.

I isolated the change in md_seq_next() and tested it- issue is no longer reproducible but I don't see the root cause in this scenario. The bug is obvious so I proceed with fixing. I will submit MD_CLOSING patches separatelly.

Put the device which has been _get with previous md_seq_next() call. Add guard for inproper mddev_put usage(). It shouldn't be called if there are less than 1 for mddev->active.

I didn't convert atomic_t to refcount_t because refcount warns when 0 is achieved which is likely to happen for mddev->active.

[1]
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-raid/[email protected]/T/#m6a534677d9654a4236623661c10646d45419ee1b
[2] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=217798

Fixes 12a6caf27324 ("md: only delete entries from all_mddevs when the disk

is freed") Cc: Yu Kuai <[email protected]>

---
 drivers/md/md.c | 20 +++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
drivers/md/md.c +0 -0
index 0fe7ab6e8ab9..bb654ff62765 100644
@@ -618,6 +618,12 @@ static void mddev_delayed_delete(struct work_struct
 *ws);
 
Quoted 12 lines

drivers/md/md.c static void mddev_delayed_delete(struct work_struct · line 628

Quoted 9 lines
drivers/md/md.c +6 -0
 void mddev_put(struct mddev *mddev)
 {
+       /* Guard for ambiguous put. */
+       if (unlikely(atomic_read(&mddev->active) < 1)) {
+               pr_warn("%s: active refcount is lower than 1\n",
 mdname(mddev));
+               return;
+       }
+  

Could you please explain why we need this guard? We should probably fix the caller that causes this.

We have an issue, so I added warning to catch similar mistakes. Please note that for refcount_t such warning is implemented.

If you don't see it useful I can remove it.

Quoted 27 lines

drivers/md/md.c static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void · line 8230

Quoted 9 lines
drivers/md/md.c +0 -0
        if (!atomic_dec_and_lock(&mddev->active, &all_mddevs_lock))
                return;
        if (!mddev->raid_disks && list_empty(&mddev->disks) &&
drivers/md/md.c +0 -1
@@ -8227,19 +8233,16 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void
 *v, loff_t *pos) {
        struct list_head *tmp;
        struct mddev *next_mddev, *mddev = v;
-       struct mddev *to_put = NULL;  

IIUC, all we need is the following:

drivers/md/md.c +1 -1
index 73758b754127..a104a025084d 100644
@@ -8265,7 +8265,7 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq,
 void *v, loff_t *pos)
        spin_unlock(&all_mddevs_lock);
 
        if (to_put)
-               mddev_put(mddev);
+               mddev_put(to_put);
        return next_mddev;
 

}

Quoted 3 lines

Is this sufficient? If so, how about we ship this first and refactor the code later
in a separate patch?

That is correct it should be sufficient. If you don't want it in one patch I will drop refactor because Kuai re-implemented it already.

Anyway, changes I made are simple and tested, I don't see it risk in it. Your proposal will make merge conflicts less likely to appear. I that matters I can simplify the patch.

Please let me know what you think, then I will send v3.

Thanks,
Mariusz

maintainer
#6 lore raw
Quoted 57 lines · Mariusz Tkaczyk
Quoted 40 lines · On Tue, 12 Sep 2023 15:49:12 -0700 Song Liu <[email protected]> wrote:
Quoted 38 lines · Mariusz Tkaczyk

During working on changes proposed by Kuai [1], I determined that mddev->active is continusly decremented for array marked by MD_CLOSING. It brought me to md_seq_next() changed by [2]. I determined the regression here, if mddev_get() fails we updated mddev pointer and as a result we _put failed device.

I isolated the change in md_seq_next() and tested it- issue is no longer reproducible but I don't see the root cause in this scenario. The bug is obvious so I proceed with fixing. I will submit MD_CLOSING patches separatelly.

Put the device which has been _get with previous md_seq_next() call. Add guard for inproper mddev_put usage(). It shouldn't be called if there are less than 1 for mddev->active.

I didn't convert atomic_t to refcount_t because refcount warns when 0 is achieved which is likely to happen for mddev->active.

[1]
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-raid/[email protected]/T/#m6a534677d9654a4236623661c10646d45419ee1b
[2] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=217798

Fixes 12a6caf27324 ("md: only delete entries from all_mddevs when the disk

is freed") Cc: Yu Kuai <[email protected]>

---
 drivers/md/md.c | 20 +++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
drivers/md/md.c +0 -0
index 0fe7ab6e8ab9..bb654ff62765 100644
@@ -618,6 +618,12 @@ static void mddev_delayed_delete(struct work_struct
 *ws);
 
Quoted 12 lines

drivers/md/md.c static void mddev_delayed_delete(struct work_struct · line 628

Quoted 9 lines
drivers/md/md.c +6 -0
 void mddev_put(struct mddev *mddev)
 {
+       /* Guard for ambiguous put. */
+       if (unlikely(atomic_read(&mddev->active) < 1)) {
+               pr_warn("%s: active refcount is lower than 1\n",
 mdname(mddev));
+               return;
+       }
+

Could you please explain why we need this guard? We should probably fix the caller that causes this.

Quoted 4 lines

We have an issue, so I added warning to catch similar mistakes. Please note that for refcount_t such warning is implemented.

If you don't see it useful I can remove it.

Let's add it (or use refcount_t) in a separate patch.

Quoted 34 lines
Quoted 27 lines

drivers/md/md.c static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void · line 8230

Quoted 9 lines
drivers/md/md.c +0 -0
        if (!atomic_dec_and_lock(&mddev->active, &all_mddevs_lock))
                return;
        if (!mddev->raid_disks && list_empty(&mddev->disks) &&
drivers/md/md.c +0 -1
@@ -8227,19 +8233,16 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void
 *v, loff_t *pos) {
        struct list_head *tmp;
        struct mddev *next_mddev, *mddev = v;
-       struct mddev *to_put = NULL;

IIUC, all we need is the following:

drivers/md/md.c +1 -1
index 73758b754127..a104a025084d 100644
@@ -8265,7 +8265,7 @@ static void *md_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq,
 void *v, loff_t *pos)
        spin_unlock(&all_mddevs_lock);
 
        if (to_put)
-               mddev_put(mddev);
+               mddev_put(to_put);
        return next_mddev;
 

}

Quoted 3 lines

Is this sufficient? If so, how about we ship this first and refactor the code later
in a separate patch?

That is correct it should be sufficient. If you don't want it in one patch I will drop refactor because Kuai re-implemented it already.

Quoted 3 lines

Anyway, changes I made are simple and tested, I don't see it risk in it. Your proposal will make merge conflicts less likely to appear. I that matters I can simplify the patch.

Let's keep the fix as clean as possible. Please test the one line fix and resubmit the patch.

Thanks,
Song