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Linux 6.16.7

DISCUSSION Greg Kroah-Hartman 1 participant 2 messages Sep 11, 2025 Stable branch

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Greg Kroah-Hartman

author maintainer
#0 lore raw

I'm announcing the release of the 6.16.7 kernel.

All users of the 6.16 kernel series must upgrade.

The updated 6.16.y git tree can be found at:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git linux-6.16.y
and can be browsed at the normal kernel.org git web browser:
https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git;a=summary

thanks,

greg k-h

------------

 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu |    1 
 Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.rst        |    1 
 Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/vmscape.rst      |  110 ++++++++
 Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt    |   11 
 Makefile                                           |    2 
 arch/x86/Kconfig                                   |    9 
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h                 |    2 
 arch/x86/include/asm/entry-common.h                |    7 
 arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h               |    2 
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c                         |  285 ++++++++++++++-------
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c                       |   86 ++++--
 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c                                 |    9 
 drivers/base/cpu.c                                 |    3 
 include/linux/cpu.h                                |    1 
 14 files changed, 415 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-)

Greg Kroah-Hartman (1):

      Linux 6.16.7

Pawan Gupta (7):
Documentation/hw-vuln: Add VMSCAPE documentation x86/vmscape: Enumerate VMSCAPE bug x86/vmscape: Add conditional IBPB mitigation x86/vmscape: Enable the mitigation x86/bugs: Move cpu_bugs_smt_update() down x86/vmscape: Warn when STIBP is disabled with SMT x86/vmscape: Add old Intel CPUs to affected list

author maintainer
#1 lore raw
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu +1 -0
index ab8cd337f43a..8aed6d94c4cd 100644
@@ -586,6 +586,7 @@ What:		/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities
 		/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/srbds
 		/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/tsa
 		/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/tsx_async_abort
+		/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/vmscape
 Date:		January 2018
 Contact:	Linux kernel mailing list <[email protected]>
 Description:	Information about CPU vulnerabilities
Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.rst +1 -0
index 09890a8f3ee9..8e6130d21de1 100644
@@ -25,3 +25,4 @@ are configurable at compile, boot or run time.
    rsb
    old_microcode
    indirect-target-selection
+   vmscape
Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/vmscape.rst new file +110 -0

110 lines not on this page · raw message

Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt +11 -0
index f6d317e1674d..089e1a395178 100644
@@ -3774,6 +3774,7 @@
 					       srbds=off [X86,INTEL]
 					       ssbd=force-off [ARM64]
 					       tsx_async_abort=off [X86]
+					       vmscape=off [X86]
 
 				Exceptions:
 					       This does not have any effect on
@@ -7937,6 +7938,16 @@
 	vmpoff=		[KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
 			Format: <command>
 
+	vmscape=	[X86] Controls mitigation for VMscape attacks.
+			VMscape attacks can leak information from a userspace
+			hypervisor to a guest via speculative side-channels.
+
+			off		- disable the mitigation
+			ibpb		- use Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier
+					  (IBPB) mitigation (default)
+			force		- force vulnerability detection even on
+					  unaffected processors
+
 	vsyscall=	[X86-64,EARLY]
 			Controls the behavior of vsyscalls (i.e. calls to
 			fixed addresses of 0xffffffffff600x00 from legacy
Makefile +1 -1
index 0200497da26c..86359283ccc9 100644
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 VERSION = 6
 PATCHLEVEL = 16
-SUBLEVEL = 6
+SUBLEVEL = 7
 EXTRAVERSION =
 NAME = Baby Opossum Posse
 
arch/x86/Kconfig +9 -0
index 8bed9030ad47..874c9b264d6f 100644
@@ -2704,6 +2704,15 @@ config MITIGATION_TSA
 	  security vulnerability on AMD CPUs which can lead to forwarding of
 	  invalid info to subsequent instructions and thus can affect their
 	  timing and thereby cause a leakage.
+
+config MITIGATION_VMSCAPE
+	bool "Mitigate VMSCAPE"
+	depends on KVM
+	default y
+	help
+	  Enable mitigation for VMSCAPE attacks. VMSCAPE is a hardware security
+	  vulnerability on Intel and AMD CPUs that may allow a guest to do
+	  Spectre v2 style attacks on userspace hypervisor.
 endif
 
 config ARCH_HAS_ADD_PAGES
arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h +2 -0
index 4597ef662122..48ffdbab9145 100644
@@ -492,6 +492,7 @@
 #define X86_FEATURE_TSA_SQ_NO		(21*32+11) /* AMD CPU not vulnerable to TSA-SQ */
 #define X86_FEATURE_TSA_L1_NO		(21*32+12) /* AMD CPU not vulnerable to TSA-L1 */
 #define X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF_VM	(21*32+13) /* Clear CPU buffers using VERW before VMRUN */
+#define X86_FEATURE_IBPB_EXIT_TO_USER	(21*32+14) /* Use IBPB on exit-to-userspace, see VMSCAPE bug */
 
 /*
  * BUG word(s)
@@ -548,4 +549,5 @@
 #define X86_BUG_ITS			X86_BUG( 1*32+ 7) /* "its" CPU is affected by Indirect Target Selection */
 #define X86_BUG_ITS_NATIVE_ONLY		X86_BUG( 1*32+ 8) /* "its_native_only" CPU is affected by ITS, VMX is not affected */
 #define X86_BUG_TSA			X86_BUG( 1*32+ 9) /* "tsa" CPU is affected by Transient Scheduler Attacks */
+#define X86_BUG_VMSCAPE			X86_BUG( 1*32+10) /* "vmscape" CPU is affected by VMSCAPE attacks from guests */
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_CPUFEATURES_H */
arch/x86/include/asm/entry-common.h +7 -0
index d535a97c7284..ce3eb6d5fdf9 100644
@@ -93,6 +93,13 @@ static inline void arch_exit_to_user_mode_prepare(struct pt_regs *regs,
 	 * 8 (ia32) bits.
 	 */
 	choose_random_kstack_offset(rdtsc());
+
+	/* Avoid unnecessary reads of 'x86_ibpb_exit_to_user' */
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_IBPB_EXIT_TO_USER) &&
+	    this_cpu_read(x86_ibpb_exit_to_user)) {
+		indirect_branch_prediction_barrier();
+		this_cpu_write(x86_ibpb_exit_to_user, false);
+	}
 }
 #define arch_exit_to_user_mode_prepare arch_exit_to_user_mode_prepare
 
arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h +2 -0
index 10f261678749..e29f82466f43 100644
@@ -530,6 +530,8 @@ void alternative_msr_write(unsigned int msr, u64 val, unsigned int feature)
 		: "memory");
 }
 
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(bool, x86_ibpb_exit_to_user);
+
 static inline void indirect_branch_prediction_barrier(void)
 {
 	asm_inline volatile(ALTERNATIVE("", "call write_ibpb", X86_FEATURE_IBPB)
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c +203 -82

348 lines not on this page · raw message

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c +55 -31

116 lines not on this page · raw message

arch/x86/kvm/x86.c +9 -0
index 7d4cb1cbd629..6b3a64e73f21 100644
@@ -11145,6 +11145,15 @@ static int vcpu_enter_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	if (vcpu->arch.guest_fpu.xfd_err)
 		wrmsrq(MSR_IA32_XFD_ERR, 0);
 
+	/*
+	 * Mark this CPU as needing a branch predictor flush before running
+	 * userspace. Must be done before enabling preemption to ensure it gets
+	 * set for the CPU that actually ran the guest, and not the CPU that it
+	 * may migrate to.
+	 */
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_IBPB_EXIT_TO_USER))
+		this_cpu_write(x86_ibpb_exit_to_user, true);
+
 	/*
 	 * Consume any pending interrupts, including the possible source of
 	 * VM-Exit on SVM and any ticks that occur between VM-Exit and now.
drivers/base/cpu.c +3 -0
index efc575a00edd..008da0354fba 100644
@@ -603,6 +603,7 @@ CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(ghostwrite);
 CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(old_microcode);
 CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(indirect_target_selection);
 CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(tsa);
+CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(vmscape);
 
 static DEVICE_ATTR(meltdown, 0444, cpu_show_meltdown, NULL);
 static DEVICE_ATTR(spectre_v1, 0444, cpu_show_spectre_v1, NULL);
@@ -622,6 +623,7 @@ static DEVICE_ATTR(ghostwrite, 0444, cpu_show_ghostwrite, NULL);
 static DEVICE_ATTR(old_microcode, 0444, cpu_show_old_microcode, NULL);
 static DEVICE_ATTR(indirect_target_selection, 0444, cpu_show_indirect_target_selection, NULL);
 static DEVICE_ATTR(tsa, 0444, cpu_show_tsa, NULL);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(vmscape, 0444, cpu_show_vmscape, NULL);
 
 static struct attribute *cpu_root_vulnerabilities_attrs[] = {
 	&dev_attr_meltdown.attr,
@@ -642,6 +644,7 @@ static struct attribute *cpu_root_vulnerabilities_attrs[] = {
 	&dev_attr_old_microcode.attr,
 	&dev_attr_indirect_target_selection.attr,
 	&dev_attr_tsa.attr,
+	&dev_attr_vmscape.attr,
 	NULL
 };
 
include/linux/cpu.h +1 -0
index 6378370a952f..9cc5472b87ea 100644
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ extern ssize_t cpu_show_old_microcode(struct device *dev,
 extern ssize_t cpu_show_indirect_target_selection(struct device *dev,
 						  struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf);
 extern ssize_t cpu_show_tsa(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf);
+extern ssize_t cpu_show_vmscape(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf);
 
 extern __printf(4, 5)
 struct device *cpu_device_create(struct device *parent, void *drvdata,