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lib/crypto: Add FIPS self-tests for SHA-1 and SHA-2

PATCH Applied Eric Biggers 2 participants 3 messages Oct 11, 2025 – Oct 14, 2025

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Eric Biggers

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#0 lore raw

PATCH v2 1/1 lib/crypto: Add FIPS self-tests for SHA-1 and SHA-2

Add FIPS cryptographic algorithm self-tests for all SHA-1 and SHA-2 algorithms. Following the "Implementation Guidance for FIPS 140-3" document, to achieve this it's sufficient to just test a single test vector for each of HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-SHA256, and HMAC-SHA512.

Just run these tests in the initcalls, following the example of e.g. crypto/kdf_sp800108.c. Note that this should meet the FIPS self-test requirement even in the built-in case, given that the initcalls run before userspace, storage, network, etc. are accessible.

This does not fix a regression, seeing as lib/ has had SHA-1 support since 2005 and SHA-256 support since 2018. Neither ever had FIPS self-tests. Moreover, fips=1 support has always been an unfinished feature upstream. However, with lib/ now being used more widely, it's now seeing more scrutiny and people seem to want these now.

Link https://lore.kernel.org/linux-crypto/20250917184856.GA2560@quark/ open here
Signed-off-by Eric Biggers <[email protected]>

---

Changed in v2:
- Call them "cryptographic algorithm self-tests" instead of "pre-operational self-tests".
- Add more details to commit message.
- Fix purgatory build error by omitting the tests from there.

 lib/crypto/fips.h                   | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/crypto/sha1.c                   | 19 ++++++++++++++-
 lib/crypto/sha256.c                 | 26 +++++++++++++++++---
 lib/crypto/sha512.c                 | 19 ++++++++++++++-
 scripts/crypto/gen-fips-testvecs.py | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 128 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 lib/crypto/fips.h
 create mode 100755 scripts/crypto/gen-fips-testvecs.py
lib/crypto/fips.h new file +38 -0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..78a1bdd33a151
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+/* This file was generated by: gen-fips-testvecs.py */
+
+#include <linux/fips.h>
+
+static const u8 fips_test_data[] __initconst __maybe_unused = {
+	0x66, 0x69, 0x70, 0x73, 0x20, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73,
+	0x74, 0x20, 0x64, 0x61, 0x74, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00,
+};
+
+static const u8 fips_test_key[] __initconst __maybe_unused = {
+	0x66, 0x69, 0x70, 0x73, 0x20, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73,
+	0x74, 0x20, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+};
+
+static const u8 fips_test_hmac_sha1_value[] __initconst __maybe_unused = {
+	0x29, 0xa9, 0x88, 0xb8, 0x5c, 0xb4, 0xaf, 0x4b,
+	0x97, 0x2a, 0xee, 0x87, 0x5b, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x55,
+	0x99, 0xbf, 0x86, 0x78,
+};
+
+static const u8 fips_test_hmac_sha256_value[] __initconst __maybe_unused = {
+	0x59, 0x25, 0x85, 0xcc, 0x40, 0xe9, 0x64, 0x2f,
+	0xe9, 0xbf, 0x82, 0xb7, 0xd3, 0x15, 0x3d, 0x43,
+	0x22, 0x0b, 0x4c, 0x00, 0x90, 0x14, 0x25, 0xcf,
+	0x9e, 0x13, 0x2b, 0xc2, 0x30, 0xe6, 0xe8, 0x93,
+};
+
+static const u8 fips_test_hmac_sha512_value[] __initconst __maybe_unused = {
+	0x6b, 0xea, 0x5d, 0x27, 0x49, 0x5b, 0x3f, 0xea,
+	0xde, 0x2d, 0xfa, 0x32, 0x75, 0xdb, 0x77, 0xc8,
+	0x26, 0xe9, 0x4e, 0x95, 0x4d, 0xad, 0x88, 0x02,
+	0x87, 0xf9, 0x52, 0x0a, 0xd1, 0x92, 0x80, 0x1d,
+	0x92, 0x7e, 0x3c, 0xbd, 0xb1, 0x3c, 0x49, 0x98,
+	0x44, 0x9c, 0x8f, 0xee, 0x3f, 0x02, 0x71, 0x51,
+	0x57, 0x0b, 0x15, 0x38, 0x95, 0xd8, 0xa3, 0x81,
+	0xba, 0xb3, 0x15, 0x37, 0x5c, 0x6d, 0x57, 0x2b,
+};
lib/crypto/sha1.c +18 -1
index 5904e4ae85d24..52788278cd17f 100644
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/unaligned.h>
 #include <linux/wordpart.h>
+#include "fips.h"
 
 static const struct sha1_block_state sha1_iv = {
 	.h = { SHA1_H0, SHA1_H1, SHA1_H2, SHA1_H3, SHA1_H4 },
 };
 

@@ -328,14 +329,30 @@ void hmac_sha1_usingrawkey(const u8 *raw_key, size_t raw_key_len,
 	hmac_sha1_update(&ctx, data, data_len);
 	hmac_sha1_final(&ctx, out);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hmac_sha1_usingrawkey);
 
-#ifdef sha1_mod_init_arch
+#if defined(sha1_mod_init_arch) || defined(CONFIG_CRYPTO_FIPS)
 static int __init sha1_mod_init(void)
 {
+#ifdef sha1_mod_init_arch
 	sha1_mod_init_arch();
+#endif
+	if (fips_enabled) {
+		/*
+		 * FIPS cryptographic algorithm self-test.  As per the FIPS
+		 * Implementation Guidance, testing HMAC-SHA1 satisfies the test
+		 * requirement for SHA-1 too.
+		 */
+		u8 mac[SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE];
+
+		hmac_sha1_usingrawkey(fips_test_key, sizeof(fips_test_key),
+				      fips_test_data, sizeof(fips_test_data),
+				      mac);
+		if (memcmp(fips_test_hmac_sha1_value, mac, sizeof(mac)) != 0)
+			panic("sha1: FIPS self-test failed\n");
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 subsys_initcall(sha1_mod_init);
 
 static void __exit sha1_mod_exit(void)
lib/crypto/sha256.c +22 -4
index 881b935418cea..5d6b77e7e1416 100644
@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/unaligned.h>
 #include <linux/wordpart.h>
+#include "fips.h"
 
 static const struct sha256_block_state sha224_iv = {
 	.h = {
 		SHA224_H0, SHA224_H1, SHA224_H2, SHA224_H3,
 		SHA224_H4, SHA224_H5, SHA224_H6, SHA224_H7,

@@ -267,12 +268,12 @@ void sha256(const u8 *data, size_t len, u8 out[SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE])
 	sha256_final(&ctx, out);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sha256);
 
 /*
- * Pre-boot environment (as indicated by __DISABLE_EXPORTS being defined)
- * doesn't need either HMAC support or interleaved hashing support
+ * Pre-boot environments (as indicated by __DISABLE_EXPORTS being defined) just
+ * need the generic SHA-256 code.  Omit all other features from them.
  */
 #ifndef __DISABLE_EXPORTS
 
 #ifndef sha256_finup_2x_arch
 static bool sha256_finup_2x_arch(const struct __sha256_ctx *ctx,

@@ -475,23 +476,40 @@ void hmac_sha256_usingrawkey(const u8 *raw_key, size_t raw_key_len,
 	hmac_sha256_init_usingrawkey(&ctx, raw_key, raw_key_len);
 	hmac_sha256_update(&ctx, data, data_len);
 	hmac_sha256_final(&ctx, out);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hmac_sha256_usingrawkey);
-#endif /* !__DISABLE_EXPORTS */
 
-#ifdef sha256_mod_init_arch
+#if defined(sha256_mod_init_arch) || defined(CONFIG_CRYPTO_FIPS)
 static int __init sha256_mod_init(void)
 {
+#ifdef sha256_mod_init_arch
 	sha256_mod_init_arch();
+#endif
+	if (fips_enabled) {
+		/*
+		 * FIPS cryptographic algorithm self-test.  As per the FIPS
+		 * Implementation Guidance, testing HMAC-SHA256 satisfies the
+		 * test requirement for SHA-224, SHA-256, and HMAC-SHA224 too.
+		 */
+		u8 mac[SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE];
+
+		hmac_sha256_usingrawkey(fips_test_key, sizeof(fips_test_key),
+					fips_test_data, sizeof(fips_test_data),
+					mac);
+		if (memcmp(fips_test_hmac_sha256_value, mac, sizeof(mac)) != 0)
+			panic("sha256: FIPS self-test failed\n");
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 subsys_initcall(sha256_mod_init);
 
 static void __exit sha256_mod_exit(void)
 {
 }
 module_exit(sha256_mod_exit);
 #endif
 
+#endif /* !__DISABLE_EXPORTS */
+
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("SHA-224, SHA-256, HMAC-SHA224, and HMAC-SHA256 library functions");
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
lib/crypto/sha512.c +18 -1
index d8062188be98a..605eab51aabd5 100644
@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/overflow.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/unaligned.h>
 #include <linux/wordpart.h>
+#include "fips.h"
 
 static const struct sha512_block_state sha384_iv = {
 	.h = {
 		SHA384_H0, SHA384_H1, SHA384_H2, SHA384_H3,
 		SHA384_H4, SHA384_H5, SHA384_H6, SHA384_H7,

@@ -403,14 +404,30 @@ void hmac_sha512_usingrawkey(const u8 *raw_key, size_t raw_key_len,
 	hmac_sha512_update(&ctx, data, data_len);
 	hmac_sha512_final(&ctx, out);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hmac_sha512_usingrawkey);
 
-#ifdef sha512_mod_init_arch
+#if defined(sha512_mod_init_arch) || defined(CONFIG_CRYPTO_FIPS)
 static int __init sha512_mod_init(void)
 {
+#ifdef sha512_mod_init_arch
 	sha512_mod_init_arch();
+#endif
+	if (fips_enabled) {
+		/*
+		 * FIPS cryptographic algorithm self-test.  As per the FIPS
+		 * Implementation Guidance, testing HMAC-SHA512 satisfies the
+		 * test requirement for SHA-384, SHA-512, and HMAC-SHA384 too.
+		 */
+		u8 mac[SHA512_DIGEST_SIZE];
+
+		hmac_sha512_usingrawkey(fips_test_key, sizeof(fips_test_key),
+					fips_test_data, sizeof(fips_test_data),
+					mac);
+		if (memcmp(fips_test_hmac_sha512_value, mac, sizeof(mac)) != 0)
+			panic("sha512: FIPS self-test failed\n");
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 subsys_initcall(sha512_mod_init);
 
 static void __exit sha512_mod_exit(void)
scripts/crypto/gen-fips-testvecs.py new file +32 -0
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..2956f88b764ae
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+#
+# Script that generates lib/crypto/fips.h
+#
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+
+import hmac
+
+fips_test_data = b"fips test data\0\0"
+fips_test_key = b"fips test key\0\0\0"
+
+def print_static_u8_array_definition(name, value):
+    print('')
+    print(f'static const u8 {name}[] __initconst __maybe_unused = {{')
+    for i in range(0, len(value), 8):
+        line = '\t' + ''.join(f'0x{b:02x}, ' for b in value[i:i+8])
+        print(f'{line.rstrip()}')
+    print('};')
+
+print('/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */')
+print(f'/* This file was generated by: gen-fips-testvecs.py */')
+print()
+print('#include <linux/fips.h>')
+
+print_static_u8_array_definition("fips_test_data", fips_test_data)
+print_static_u8_array_definition("fips_test_key", fips_test_key)
+
+for alg in 'sha1', 'sha256', 'sha512':
+    ctx = hmac.new(fips_test_key, digestmod=alg)
+    ctx.update(fips_test_data)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(f'fips_test_hmac_{alg}_value', ctx.digest())

base-commit: 8bd9238e511d02831022ff0270865c54ccc482d6

Signature · 1 line
2.51.0
maintainer Reviewed-by on v2 1/1
#1 lore raw
Quoted 11 lines · Eric Biggers

Add FIPS cryptographic algorithm self-tests for all SHA-1 and SHA-2 algorithms. Following the "Implementation Guidance for FIPS 140-3" document, to achieve this it's sufficient to just test a single test vector for each of HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-SHA256, and HMAC-SHA512.

Just run these tests in the initcalls, following the example of e.g. crypto/kdf_sp800108.c. Note that this should meet the FIPS self-test requirement even in the built-in case, given that the initcalls run before userspace, storage, network, etc. are accessible.

Quoted 8 lines

This does not fix a regression, seeing as lib/ has had SHA-1 support since 2005 and SHA-256 support since 2018. Neither ever had FIPS self-tests. Moreover, fips=1 support has always been an unfinished feature upstream. However, with lib/ now being used more widely, it's now seeing more scrutiny and people seem to want these now.

Link https://lore.kernel.org/linux-crypto/20250917184856.GA2560@quark/ open here
Signed-off-by Eric Biggers <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
author maintainer Applied
#2 lore raw
In reply to Eric Biggers
Quoted 10 lines · Eric Biggers

Add FIPS cryptographic algorithm self-tests for all SHA-1 and SHA-2 algorithms. Following the "Implementation Guidance for FIPS 140-3" document, to achieve this it's sufficient to just test a single test vector for each of HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-SHA256, and HMAC-SHA512.

Just run these tests in the initcalls, following the example of e.g. crypto/kdf_sp800108.c. Note that this should meet the FIPS self-test requirement even in the built-in case, given that the initcalls run before userspace, storage, network, etc. are accessible.

Quoted 8 lines

This does not fix a regression, seeing as lib/ has had SHA-1 support since 2005 and SHA-256 support since 2018. Neither ever had FIPS self-tests. Moreover, fips=1 support has always been an unfinished feature upstream. However, with lib/ now being used more widely, it's now seeing more scrutiny and people seem to want these now.

Link https://lore.kernel.org/linux-crypto/20250917184856.GA2560@quark/ open here
Signed-off-by Eric Biggers <[email protected]>

Applied to https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiggers/linux.git/log/?h=libcrypto-next

- Eric