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mm/ksm: mark migration stores with WRITE_ONCE()

PATCH Superseded Chengfeng Ye 3 participants 4 messages Aug 22 – Aug 24

Subsystems (2)

v1 of 2 Superseded Latest is v2 →

lore
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#0 lore raw

PATCH 1/1 mm/ksm: mark migration stores with WRITE_ONCE()

ksm_get_folio() deliberately samples stable_node->kpfn and folio->mapping without taking the folio lock because the KSM folio may be migrated concurrently. folio_migrate_ksm() updates the same state using plain assignments.

The reader can load the old kpfn, then the migrator can store the new kpfn, execute smp_wmb(), and clear the old folio's mapping before the reader checks that mapping. Thus the initial kpfn load can overlap its update and the subsequent mapping load can overlap the clear, with no common lock. This leaves marked READ_ONCE() accesses racing with plain stores.

The kernel reported:

  BUG: KCSAN: data-race in folio_migrate_ksm / ksm_get_folio

read (marked) to 0xffff8ce401421330 of 8 bytes by task 48 on cpu 3:

   ksm_get_folio+0x7f/0x2a0
   ksm_scan_thread+0x1635/0x3330
   kthread+0x1af/0x1f0

write to 0xffff8ce401421330 of 8 bytes by task 102 on cpu 1:

   folio_migrate_ksm+0x6a/0xd0
   folio_migrate_flags+0x193/0x420
   __migrate_folio.isra.0+0x162/0x1a0
   migrate_folio+0x4c/0x70
   move_to_new_folio+0xd6/0x170

Use WRITE_ONCE() for both stores to pair them with the existing lockless reads. This preserves the existing smp_wmb()/smp_rmb() migration protocol and control flow while preventing compiler transformations of the shared accesses.

---
 mm/ksm.c | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
mm/ksm.c +3 -2
index b4142746777e..bec6fea0fdb4 100644
@@ -1116,7 +1116,8 @@ static inline void folio_set_stable_node(struct folio *folio,
 					 struct ksm_stable_node *stable_node)
 {
 	VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_anon(folio) && PageAnonExclusive(&folio->page), folio);
-	folio->mapping = (void *)((unsigned long)stable_node | FOLIO_MAPPING_KSM);
+	WRITE_ONCE(folio->mapping,
+		   (void *)((unsigned long)stable_node | FOLIO_MAPPING_KSM));
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
@@ -3318,7 +3319,7 @@ void folio_migrate_ksm(struct folio *newfolio, struct folio *folio)
 	stable_node = folio_stable_node(folio);
 	if (stable_node) {
 		VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(stable_node->kpfn != folio_pfn(folio), folio);
-		stable_node->kpfn = folio_pfn(newfolio);
+		WRITE_ONCE(stable_node->kpfn, folio_pfn(newfolio));
 		/*
 		 * newfolio->mapping was set in advance; now we need smp_wmb()
 		 * to make sure that the new stable_node->kpfn is visible
Signature · 1 line
2.43.0
Acked-by on v1 1/1
#1 lore raw
Quoted 15 lines

Use WRITE_ONCE() for both stores to pair them with the existing lockless reads. This preserves the existing smp_wmb()/smp_rmb() migration protocol and control flow while preventing compiler transformations of the shared accesses.

---
 mm/ksm.c | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
mm/ksm.c +0 -0
index b4142746777e..bec6fea0fdb4 100644

mm/ksm.c static inline void folio_set_stable_node(struct folio *folio, · line 1121

Quoted 7 lines
mm/ksm.c +2 -1
@@ -1116,7 +1116,8 @@ static inline void folio_set_stable_node(struct folio *folio,
 					 struct ksm_stable_node *stable_node)
 {
 	VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_anon(folio) && PageAnonExclusive(&folio->page), folio);
-	folio->mapping = (void *)((unsigned long)stable_node | FOLIO_MAPPING_KSM);
+	WRITE_ONCE(folio->mapping,
+		   (void *)((unsigned long)stable_node | FOLIO_MAPPING_KSM));
 }

This is good.

Quoted 14 lines
mm/ksm.c +1 -1
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
@@ -3318,7 +3319,7 @@ void folio_migrate_ksm(struct folio *newfolio, struct folio *folio)
 	stable_node = folio_stable_node(folio);
 	if (stable_node) {
 		VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(stable_node->kpfn != folio_pfn(folio), folio);
-		stable_node->kpfn = folio_pfn(newfolio);
+		WRITE_ONCE(stable_node->kpfn, folio_pfn(newfolio));
 		/*
 		 * newfolio->mapping was set in advance; now we need smp_wmb()
 		 * to make sure that the new stable_node->kpfn is visible
Signature · 1 line
2.43.0

There are other places where READ_ONCE is not used like in ksm_check_stable_tree() and stable_node_dup_remove_range(), but these two function belong to MEM_OFFLINE, and I think there should be no races between migrate and ksm_memory_callback of MEM_OFFLINE.

So Basically it looks good to me.

maintainer Acked-by on v1 1/1
#2 lore raw
In reply to Chengfeng Ye
Quoted 27 lines · Chengfeng Ye

ksm_get_folio() deliberately samples stable_node->kpfn and folio->mapping without taking the folio lock because the KSM folio may be migrated concurrently. folio_migrate_ksm() updates the same state using plain assignments.

The reader can load the old kpfn, then the migrator can store the new kpfn, execute smp_wmb(), and clear the old folio's mapping before the reader checks that mapping. Thus the initial kpfn load can overlap its update and the subsequent mapping load can overlap the clear, with no common lock. This leaves marked READ_ONCE() accesses racing with plain stores.

The kernel reported:

  BUG: KCSAN: data-race in folio_migrate_ksm / ksm_get_folio

read (marked) to 0xffff8ce401421330 of 8 bytes by task 48 on cpu 3:

   ksm_get_folio+0x7f/0x2a0
   ksm_scan_thread+0x1635/0x3330
   kthread+0x1af/0x1f0

write to 0xffff8ce401421330 of 8 bytes by task 102 on cpu 1:

   folio_migrate_ksm+0x6a/0xd0
   folio_migrate_flags+0x193/0x420
   __migrate_folio.isra.0+0x162/0x1a0
   migrate_folio+0x4c/0x70
   move_to_new_folio+0xd6/0x170
Quoted 5 lines

Use WRITE_ONCE() for both stores to pair them with the existing lockless reads. This preserves the existing smp_wmb()/smp_rmb() migration protocol and control flow while preventing compiler transformations of the shared accesses.

We want a Fixes: tag, can you dig?

I am not convinced CC stable is warranted ... but certainly wouldn't hurt here.

Quoted 10 lines
---
 mm/ksm.c | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
mm/ksm.c +0 -0
index b4142746777e..bec6fea0fdb4 100644

mm/ksm.c static inline void folio_set_stable_node(struct folio *folio, · line 1120

Quoted 6 lines
mm/ksm.c +2 -1
@@ -1116,7 +1116,8 @@ static inline void folio_set_stable_node(struct folio *folio,
 					 struct ksm_stable_node *stable_node)
 {
 	VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_anon(folio) && PageAnonExclusive(&folio->page), folio);
-	folio->mapping = (void *)((unsigned long)stable_node | FOLIO_MAPPING_KSM);
+	WRITE_ONCE(folio->mapping,
+		   (void *)((unsigned long)stable_node | FOLIO_MAPPING_KSM));

That also matches what we do in folio_move_anon_rmap()/__folio_set_anon().

mm/ksm.c void folio_migrate_ksm(struct folio *newfolio, struct folio *folio) · line 3322

Quoted 9 lines
mm/ksm.c +1 -1
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
@@ -3318,7 +3319,7 @@ void folio_migrate_ksm(struct folio *newfolio, struct folio *folio)
 	stable_node = folio_stable_node(folio);
 	if (stable_node) {
 		VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(stable_node->kpfn != folio_pfn(folio), folio);
-		stable_node->kpfn = folio_pfn(newfolio);
+		WRITE_ONCE(stable_node->kpfn, folio_pfn(newfolio));

That makes sense as well!

Signature · 3 lines
Cheers,

David
#3 lore raw
Quoted 3 lines · David Hildenbrand (Arm)

We want a Fixes: tag, can you dig?

I am not convinced CC stable is warranted ... but certainly wouldn't hurt here.

No problem, v2 is sent to add the CC stable and a fix tag. Thanks all for your review!

Best regards,
Chengfeng