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mm/damon: introduce damos quota goal target metric complement flag

RFC PATCH Superseded SJ Park 2 participants 19 messages Sep 19

Subsystems (5)

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SJ Park

author maintainer
#0 lore raw

v2 cover mm/damon: introduce damos quota goal target metric complement flag

Aim-oriented DAMOS quota auto-tuning assumes the aggressiveness of the scheme (quota) and the quota goal metric are directly proportional. Depending on the scheme setup and usage, keeping the relationship can be challenging.

For example, let's suppose a memory tiering approach for higher upper tier utilization. One common idea for that (TPP) is utilizing two schemes, one for promotion and the other one for demotion. The promotion scheme migrates hot pages from lower tier to upper tier, aiming for high utilization of the upper tier. The demotion scheme migrates cold pages from upper tier to lower tier, aiming for head room free memory of the upper tier. Both schemes and their goals are in direct proportion. However, for this kind of use case, we need to implement two different goal metrics (per-node memory utilization and free memory ratio) while essentially the free memory ratio is just a complemented value of the utilization.

To avoid adding too many new metrics, we are adding metrics that turn out to be really needed for each found use case. For example, some_mem_psi_us, node_eligible_mem_bp and hugepage_mem_bp don't have their complemented value version. But it is not really difficult to expect use cases that their complemented version can be useful. For example, hugepage_mem_bp use case may need a way to reduce the hugepage ratio. That would require a complemented version of hugepage_mem_bp. Adding a new metric for each of such use cases could make the number of metrics unnecessarily high, and discourage flexible usages of DAMOS.

Add a new flag, quota goal complement, to allow flexible tuning goal setup without unnecessarily increasing the number of metrics. The flag specifies whether to use the complemented value of the given goal metric for the tuning. For example, if the complement flag is set, the upper tier memory utilization ratio metric works the same as the free memory ratio metric for the tier.

Changes from RFC
- RFC: https://lore.kernel.org/[email protected]
- Avoid quota goal value underflow.
- Fix usage doc for number of files in each goal directory.
- Rebase to the latest mm-new.

SJ Park (7):
mm/damon/core: introduce damos_quota_goal->complement mm/damon: add complement argument to damos_new_quota_goal() mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: support quota goal complement flag mm/damon/tests/core-kunit: test quota_goal->complement commit Docs/mm/damon/design: document damos quota goal complement flag Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage: update for quota goal complement file Docs/ABI/damon: update for quota goal metric complement sysfs file

 .../ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-damon         |  6 ++++
 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage.rst  | 15 +++++-----
 Documentation/mm/damon/design.rst             | 13 +++++---
 include/linux/damon.h                         |  4 ++-
 mm/damon/core.c                               | 25 ++++++++++++++--
 mm/damon/lru_sort.c                           |  5 ++--
 mm/damon/reclaim.c                            |  5 ++--
 mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c                      | 30 +++++++++++++++++++
 mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h                   |  4 ++-
 samples/damon/mtier.c                         |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

base-commit: 026f1215e57024b54116f6388ca96c64ff84f44d

Signature · 1 line
2.47.3
author maintainer
#1 lore raw

RFC PATCH v2 1/7 mm/damon/core: introduce damos_quota_goal->complement

Introduce damos_quota_goal->complement for specifying whether to use a complemented value of the given goal target metric. Add the field to the data structure and implement essential core support. Handle the flag in the quota goal commit and current quota goal metric value retrieval.

---
 include/linux/damon.h |  2 ++
 mm/damon/core.c       | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+)
include/linux/damon.h +2 -0
index 844b175120f09..78b227875287d 100644
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ enum damos_quota_goal_metric {
 /**
  * struct damos_quota_goal - DAMOS scheme quota auto-tuning goal.
  * @metric:		Metric to be used for representing the goal.
+ * @complement:		Use the complement of the metric.
  * @target_value:	Target value of @metric to achieve with the tuning.
  * @current_value:	Current value of @metric.
  * @nid:		Node id.
@@ -197,6 +198,7 @@ enum damos_quota_goal_metric {
  */
 struct damos_quota_goal {
 	enum damos_quota_goal_metric metric;
+	bool complement;
 	unsigned long target_value;
 	unsigned long current_value;
 	/* metric-dependent fields */
mm/damon/core.c +18 -0
index 4687b909d42c9..05d1df3746e83 100644
@@ -1224,6 +1224,7 @@ static int damos_commit_quota_goal(
 	if (!src->target_value)
 		return  -EINVAL;
 	dst->metric = src->metric;
+	dst->complement = src->complement;
 	dst->target_value = src->target_value;
 	if (dst->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT)
 		dst->current_value = src->current_value;
@@ -3239,6 +3240,23 @@ static void damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(struct damon_ctx *c,
 	default:
 		break;
 	}
+	if (!goal->complement)
+		return;
+
+	/* updte current_value to complemented value */
+
+	/* for user_input, users set complemented value on their own */
+	if (goal->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT)
+		return;
+	if (goal->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US) {
+		goal->current_value = s->quota.reset_interval * 1000 -
+			goal->current_value;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (goal->current_value < 10000)
+		goal->current_value = 10000 - goal->current_value;
+	else
+		goal->current_value = 0;
 }
 
 /* Return the highest score since it makes schemes least aggressive */
Signature · 1 line
2.47.3
#2 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 1/7] mm/damon/core: introduce damos_quota_goal->complement

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider: - [High] mm: Integer underflow in DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US complement calculation --

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [High] mm: Integer underflow in DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US complement calculation --

commit f2de2d4493473c2c847f3ad213eaef640f0e1600
Author: SJ Park <[email protected]>

mm/damon/core: introduce damos_quota_goal->complement

Introduce damos_quota_goal->complement for specifying whether to use a complemented value of the given goal target metric. Add the field to the data structure and implement essential core support. Handle the flag in the quota goal commit and current quota goal metric value retrieval.

Quoted 4 lines
mm/damon/core.c +0 -0
index 2258b72da7a78..9fd08cbfacd8c 100644

[ ... ]

Quoted 5 lines
mm/damon/core.c +1 -0
@@ -3238,6 +3239,23 @@ static void damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(struct damon_ctx *c,
 	default:
 		break;
 	}
+	if (!goal->complement)

mm/damon/core.c static void damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(struct damon_ctx *c, · line 3252

Quoted 10 lines
mm/damon/core.c +10 -0
+		return;
+
+	/* updte current_value to complemented value */
+
+	/* for user_input, users set complemented value on their own */
+	if (goal->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT)
+		return;
+	if (goal->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US) {
+		goal->current_value = s->quota.reset_interval * 1000 -
+			goal->current_value;

[Severity: High]
Does this unsigned subtraction underflow if goal->current_value exceeds s->quota.reset_interval * 1000?

If goal->current_value exceeds the nominal reset interval, which can happen on the first iteration when initialized to an arbitrarily large user-provided target_value, or on subsequent iterations if kernel scheduling delays cause the actual elapsed time between callbacks to exceed the nominal reset_interval, this subtraction will underflow and produce a massive current_value near ULONG_MAX.

This large value is then passed to damos_quota_score(), which computes a normalized score that maxes out the feedback loop, forcing the tuned quota limit to drop aggressively.

Quoted 9 lines
mm/damon/core.c +6 -0
+		return;
+	}
+	if (goal->current_value < 10000)
+		goal->current_value = 10000 - goal->current_value;
+	else
+		goal->current_value = 0;
 }
 
 /* Return the highest score since it makes schemes least aggressive */
Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=1
author maintainer
#3 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 1/7] mm/damon/core: introduce damos_quota_goal->complement

Quoted 47 lines · On Sat, 19 Sep 2026 01:25:09 +0000 [email protected] wrote:

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [High] mm: Integer underflow in DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US complement calculation --

commit f2de2d4493473c2c847f3ad213eaef640f0e1600
Author: SJ Park <[email protected]>

mm/damon/core: introduce damos_quota_goal->complement

Introduce damos_quota_goal->complement for specifying whether to use a complemented value of the given goal target metric. Add the field to the data structure and implement essential core support. Handle the flag in the quota goal commit and current quota goal metric value retrieval.

Quoted 4 lines
mm/damon/core.c +0 -0
index 2258b72da7a78..9fd08cbfacd8c 100644

[ ... ]

Quoted 5 lines
mm/damon/core.c +1 -0
@@ -3238,6 +3239,23 @@ static void damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(struct damon_ctx *c,
 	default:
 		break;
 	}
+	if (!goal->complement)

mm/damon/core.c static void damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(struct damon_ctx *c, · line 3252

Quoted 10 lines
mm/damon/core.c +10 -0
+		return;
+
+	/* updte current_value to complemented value */
+
+	/* for user_input, users set complemented value on their own */
+	if (goal->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT)
+		return;
+	if (goal->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US) {
+		goal->current_value = s->quota.reset_interval * 1000 -
+			goal->current_value;

[Severity: High]
Does this unsigned subtraction underflow if goal->current_value exceeds s->quota.reset_interval * 1000?

If goal->current_value exceeds the nominal reset interval, which can happen on the first iteration when initialized to an arbitrarily large user-provided target_value, or on subsequent iterations if kernel scheduling delays cause the actual elapsed time between callbacks to exceed the nominal reset_interval, this subtraction will underflow and produce a massive current_value near ULONG_MAX.

Quoted 3 lines

This large value is then passed to damos_quota_score(), which computes a normalized score that maxes out the feedback loop, forcing the tuned quota limit to drop aggressively.

It's an unlikely corner case. But I agree it would be nice to handle it. I will do so in the next revision.

Quoted 9 lines
Quoted 9 lines
mm/damon/core.c +6 -0
+		return;
+	}
+	if (goal->current_value < 10000)
+		goal->current_value = 10000 - goal->current_value;
+	else
+		goal->current_value = 0;
 }
 
Quoted 4 lines
Quoted 1 line
mm/damon/core.c +0 -0
 /* Return the highest score since it makes schemes least aggressive */
Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=1

Thanks,
SJ

author maintainer
#4 lore raw

RFC PATCH v2 2/7 mm/damon: add complement argument to damos_new_quota_goal()

In reply to SJ Park

damos_quota_goal->complement needs to be manually set by each API callers. It is easy to make mistakes. Extend the quota goal constructor, damos_new_quota_goal() to receive and set the complement flag value. Also update all callers to use the new signature.

---
 include/linux/damon.h       | 2 +-
 mm/damon/core.c             | 7 ++++---
 mm/damon/lru_sort.c         | 5 +++--
 mm/damon/reclaim.c          | 5 +++--
 mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c    | 2 +-
 mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h | 2 +-
 samples/damon/mtier.c       | 2 +-
 7 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
include/linux/damon.h +1 -1
index 78b227875287d..b310c40d6cebd 100644
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ bool damos_filter_for_ops(enum damos_filter_type type);
 void damos_destroy_filter(struct damos_filter *f);
 
 struct damos_quota_goal *damos_new_quota_goal(
-		enum damos_quota_goal_metric metric,
+		enum damos_quota_goal_metric metric, bool complement,
 		unsigned long target_value);
 void damos_add_quota_goal(struct damos_quota *q, struct damos_quota_goal *g);
 void damos_destroy_quota_goal(struct damos_quota_goal *goal);
mm/damon/core.c +4 -3
index 05d1df3746e83..570891a15e2f8 100644
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ void damos_destroy_filter(struct damos_filter *f)
 }
 
 struct damos_quota_goal *damos_new_quota_goal(
-		enum damos_quota_goal_metric metric,
+		enum damos_quota_goal_metric metric, bool complement,
 		unsigned long target_value)
 {
 	struct damos_quota_goal *goal;
@@ -700,6 +700,7 @@ struct damos_quota_goal *damos_new_quota_goal(
 	if (!goal)
 		return NULL;
 	goal->metric = metric;
+	goal->complement = complement;
 	goal->target_value = target_value;
 	if (metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US)
 		goal->last_psi_total = U64_MAX;
@@ -1262,8 +1263,8 @@ int damos_commit_quota_goals(struct damos_quota *dst, struct damos_quota *src)
 	damos_for_each_quota_goal_safe(src_goal, next, src) {
 		if (j++ < i)
 			continue;
-		new_goal = damos_new_quota_goal(
-				src_goal->metric, src_goal->target_value);
+		new_goal = damos_new_quota_goal(src_goal->metric, false,
+				src_goal->target_value);
 		if (!new_goal)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		err = damos_commit_quota_goal(new_goal, src_goal);
mm/damon/lru_sort.c +3 -2
index 273efa3c913ed..64e086985eb55 100644
@@ -233,12 +233,13 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_add_quota_goals(struct damos *hot_scheme,
 
 	if (!active_mem_bp)
 		return 0;
-	goal = damos_new_quota_goal(DAMOS_QUOTA_ACTIVE_MEM_BP, active_mem_bp);
+	goal = damos_new_quota_goal(DAMOS_QUOTA_ACTIVE_MEM_BP, false,
+			active_mem_bp);
 	if (!goal)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	damos_add_quota_goal(&hot_scheme->quota, goal);
 	/* aim 0.2 % goal conflict, to keep little ping pong */
-	goal = damos_new_quota_goal(DAMOS_QUOTA_INACTIVE_MEM_BP,
+	goal = damos_new_quota_goal(DAMOS_QUOTA_INACTIVE_MEM_BP, false,
 			10000 - active_mem_bp + 2);
 	if (!goal)
 		return -ENOMEM;
mm/damon/reclaim.c +3 -2
index 42a2c9cb13431..014b0779ea6dd 100644
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ static int damon_reclaim_apply_parameters(void)
 	damon_set_schemes(param_ctx, &scheme, 1);
 
 	if (quota_mem_pressure_us) {
-		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US,
+		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US, false,
 				quota_mem_pressure_us);
 		if (!goal)
 			goto out;
@@ -241,7 +241,8 @@ static int damon_reclaim_apply_parameters(void)
 	}
 
 	if (quota_autotune_feedback) {
-		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT, 10000);
+		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT, false,
+				10000);
 		if (!goal)
 			goto out;
 		goal->current_value = quota_autotune_feedback;
mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c +1 -1
index bfb6f0bc3f213..06af417bc9a2f 100644
@@ -2869,7 +2869,7 @@ static int damos_sysfs_add_quota_score(
 		if (!sysfs_goal->target_value)
 			continue;
 
-		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(sysfs_goal->metric,
+		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(sysfs_goal->metric, false,
 				sysfs_goal->target_value);
 		if (!goal)
 			return -ENOMEM;
mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h +1 -1
index df84d9cc7d204..e8290a2c6f343 100644
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ static void damos_test_commit_quota_goals_for(struct kunit *test,
 		 * damos_commit_quota_goals() will kfree() the dst goals.
 		 * Make it kfree()-able.
 		 */
-		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(dst_goals[i].metric,
+		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(dst_goals[i].metric, false,
 				dst_goals[i].target_value);
 		if (!goal)
 			goto out;
samples/damon/mtier.c +1 -1
index 27dc88bdf7a0e..a2e311082cd4b 100644
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ static struct damon_ctx *damon_sample_mtier_build_ctx(bool promote)
 	damon_set_schemes(ctx, &scheme, 1);
 	quota_goal = damos_new_quota_goal(
 			promote ? DAMOS_QUOTA_NODE_MEM_USED_BP :
-			DAMOS_QUOTA_NODE_MEM_FREE_BP,
+			DAMOS_QUOTA_NODE_MEM_FREE_BP, false,
 			promote ? node0_mem_used_bp : node0_mem_free_bp);
 	if (!quota_goal)
 		goto free_out;
Signature · 1 line
2.47.3
#5 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 2/7] mm/damon: add complement argument to damos_new_quota_goal()

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider: - [Low] mm: damon: hardcoded false complement flag when cloning quota goals --

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [Low] mm: damon: hardcoded false complement flag when cloning quota goals --

commit 9116ea6f94ac9ade4ef359ba8351ef835957bf80
Author: SJ Park <[email protected]>

mm/damon: add complement argument to damos_new_quota_goal()

This commit extends the damos_new_quota_goal() constructor to accept and set the 'complement' flag value. It also updates all API callers to use the new signature, which aims to prevent mistakes where the complement flag was previously set manually.

mm/damon/core.c int damos_commit_quota_goals(struct damos_quota *dst, struct damos_quota *src) · line 1267

Quoted 12 lines
mm/damon/core.c +2 -2
index 9fd08cbfacd8c..932ca3ad0e593 100644
@@ -1262,8 +1263,8 @@ int damos_commit_quota_goals(struct damos_quota *dst, struct damos_quota *src)
 	damos_for_each_quota_goal_safe(src_goal, next, src) {
 		if (j++ < i)
 			continue;
-		new_goal = damos_new_quota_goal(
-				src_goal->metric, src_goal->target_value);
+		new_goal = damos_new_quota_goal(src_goal->metric, false,
+				src_goal->target_value);

[Severity: Low]
Does this code discard the 'complement' flag from 'src_goal'?

By hardcoding 'false' here instead of passing 'src_goal->complement', the copied goal initially loses its complement state. While it appears damos_commit_quota_goal() immediately overwrites the flag with the correct value, passing 'false' defeats the purpose of the explicit constructor argument and could create a brittle pattern.

Quoted 3 lines
mm/damon/core.c +0 -0
 		if (!new_goal)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		err = damos_commit_quota_goal(new_goal, src_goal);

[ ... ]

mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h static void damos_test_commit_quota_goals_for(struct kunit *test, · line 933

Quoted 11 lines
mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h +1 -1
index 5ff0436c58441..bba97ad449110 100644
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ static void damos_test_commit_quota_goals_for(struct kunit *test,
 		 * damos_commit_quota_goals() will kfree() the dst goals.
 		 * Make it kfree()-able.
 		 */
-		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(dst_goals[i].metric,
+		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(dst_goals[i].metric, false,
 				dst_goals[i].target_value);

[Severity: Low]
Does this discard the 'complement' flag from 'dst_goals[i]'?

Hardcoding 'false' instead of passing 'dst_goals[i].complement' might break future tests that attempt to verify complemented goals, as the destination goals in the test framework will lose their intended complement state.

Quoted 2 lines
mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h +0 -0
 		if (!goal)
 			goto out;
Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=2
author maintainer
#6 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 2/7] mm/damon: add complement argument to damos_new_quota_goal()

Quoted 30 lines · On Sat, 19 Sep 2026 01:23:27 +0000 [email protected] wrote:

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [Low] mm: damon: hardcoded false complement flag when cloning quota goals --

commit 9116ea6f94ac9ade4ef359ba8351ef835957bf80
Author: SJ Park <[email protected]>

mm/damon: add complement argument to damos_new_quota_goal()

This commit extends the damos_new_quota_goal() constructor to accept and set the 'complement' flag value. It also updates all API callers to use the new signature, which aims to prevent mistakes where the complement flag was previously set manually.

mm/damon/core.c int damos_commit_quota_goals(struct damos_quota *dst, struct damos_quota *src) · line 1267

Quoted 12 lines
mm/damon/core.c +2 -2
index 9fd08cbfacd8c..932ca3ad0e593 100644
@@ -1262,8 +1263,8 @@ int damos_commit_quota_goals(struct damos_quota *dst, struct damos_quota *src)
 	damos_for_each_quota_goal_safe(src_goal, next, src) {
 		if (j++ < i)
 			continue;
-		new_goal = damos_new_quota_goal(
-				src_goal->metric, src_goal->target_value);
+		new_goal = damos_new_quota_goal(src_goal->metric, false,
+				src_goal->target_value);

[Severity: Low]
Does this code discard the 'complement' flag from 'src_goal'?

Quoted 5 lines

By hardcoding 'false' here instead of passing 'src_goal->complement', the copied goal initially loses its complement state. While it appears damos_commit_quota_goal() immediately overwrites the flag with the correct value, passing 'false' defeats the purpose of the explicit constructor argument and could create a brittle pattern.

Makes sense, I will fix this.

Quoted 22 lines
Quoted 4 lines
mm/damon/core.c +0 -0
 		if (!new_goal)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		err = damos_commit_quota_goal(new_goal, src_goal);

[ ... ]

mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h static void damos_test_commit_quota_goals_for(struct kunit *test, · line 933

Quoted 11 lines
mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h +1 -1
index 5ff0436c58441..bba97ad449110 100644
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ static void damos_test_commit_quota_goals_for(struct kunit *test,
 		 * damos_commit_quota_goals() will kfree() the dst goals.
 		 * Make it kfree()-able.
 		 */
-		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(dst_goals[i].metric,
+		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(dst_goals[i].metric, false,
 				dst_goals[i].target_value);

[Severity: Low]
Does this discard the 'complement' flag from 'dst_goals[i]'?

Quoted 4 lines

Hardcoding 'false' instead of passing 'dst_goals[i].complement' might break future tests that attempt to verify complemented goals, as the destination goals in the test framework will lose their intended complement state.

Nice catch, I will fix this.

Quoted 7 lines
Quoted 3 lines
mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h +0 -0
 		if (!goal)
 			goto out;
Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=2

Thanks,
SJ

author maintainer
#7 lore raw

RFC PATCH v2 3/7 mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: support quota goal complement flag

In reply to SJ Park

Add a new sysfs file, complement, under the quota goal directory. It works for setting and getting the quota goal metric complement flag value.

---
 mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c +31 -1
index 06af417bc9a2f..8f083611741fd 100644
@@ -1220,6 +1220,7 @@ static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_watermarks_ktype = {
 struct damos_sysfs_quota_goal {
 	struct kobject kobj;
 	enum damos_quota_goal_metric metric;
+	bool complement;
 	unsigned long target_value;
 	unsigned long current_value;
 	int nid;
@@ -1316,6 +1317,30 @@ static ssize_t target_metric_store(struct kobject *kobj,
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
+static ssize_t complement_show(struct kobject *kobj,
+		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct damos_sysfs_quota_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
+			struct damos_sysfs_quota_goal, kobj);
+
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%c\n", goal->complement ? 'Y' : 'N');
+}
+
+static ssize_t complement_store(struct kobject *kobj,
+		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	struct damos_sysfs_quota_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
+			struct damos_sysfs_quota_goal, kobj);
+	bool complement;
+	int err = kstrtobool(buf, &complement);
+
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	goal->complement = complement;
+	return count;
+}
+
 static ssize_t target_value_show(struct kobject *kobj,
 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 {
@@ -1424,6 +1449,9 @@ static void damos_sysfs_quota_goal_release(struct kobject *kobj)
 static struct kobj_attribute damos_sysfs_quota_goal_target_metric_attr =
 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(target_metric, 0600);
 
+static struct kobj_attribute damos_sysfs_quota_goal_complement_attr =
+		__ATTR_RW_MODE(complement, 0600);
+
 static struct kobj_attribute damos_sysfs_quota_goal_target_value_attr =
 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(target_value, 0600);
 
@@ -1438,6 +1466,7 @@ static struct kobj_attribute damos_sysfs_quota_goal_path_attr =
 
 static struct attribute *damos_sysfs_quota_goal_attrs[] = {
 	&damos_sysfs_quota_goal_target_metric_attr.attr,
+	&damos_sysfs_quota_goal_complement_attr.attr,
 	&damos_sysfs_quota_goal_target_value_attr.attr,
 	&damos_sysfs_quota_goal_current_value_attr.attr,
 	&damos_sysfs_quota_goal_nid_attr.attr,
@@ -2869,7 +2898,8 @@ static int damos_sysfs_add_quota_score(
 		if (!sysfs_goal->target_value)
 			continue;
 
-		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(sysfs_goal->metric, false,
+		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(sysfs_goal->metric,
+				sysfs_goal->complement,
 				sysfs_goal->target_value);
 		if (!goal)
 			return -ENOMEM;
Signature · 1 line
2.47.3
#8 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 3/7] mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: support quota goal complement flag

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider: - [High] mm/damon: integer underflow in DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US complement calculation --

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [High] mm/damon: integer underflow in DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US complement calculation --

commit cd02e1bd14a7884bf9a21f0cab584b1a0f9992ce
Author: SJ Park <[email protected]>

mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: support quota goal complement flag

This patch adds a new sysfs file for the quota goal directory to allow setting and getting the quota goal metric complement flag value.

Quoted 4 lines
mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c +0 -0
index 06af417bc9a2f..8f083611741fd 100644

[ ... ]

mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c static int damos_sysfs_add_quota_score( · line 2905

Quoted 10 lines
mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c +2 -1
@@ -2869,7 +2898,8 @@ static int damos_sysfs_add_quota_score(
 		if (!sysfs_goal->target_value)
 			continue;
 
-		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(sysfs_goal->metric, false,
+		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(sysfs_goal->metric,
+				sysfs_goal->complement,
 				sysfs_goal->target_value);
 		if (!goal)
 			return -ENOMEM;

[Severity: High]
Now that complement = true can be configured via sysfs, does this expose an integer underflow in damos_set_quota_goal_current_value()?

If a user configures a DAMOS quota goal using DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US with complement = true, the actual elapsed wall-clock time between evaluations can exceed the configured s->quota.reset_interval due to routine thread scheduling delays or high system load.

In mm/damon/core.c:damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(), the accumulated PSI time (goal->current_value) could then exceed reset_interval * 1000, underflowing the unsigned subtraction:

	if (goal->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US) {
		goal->current_value = s->quota.reset_interval * 1000 -
			goal->current_value;
		return;
	}

Unlike the basis-point metrics below it, this lacks a safety bounds check. The unsigned integer underflow results in an erroneously massive quota score.

This causes damon_feed_loop_next_input() to evaluate score >= goal * 2 and return the minimum possible input (min_input), severely throttling the quota size (esz) to a minimal value.

This effectively disables DAMOS scheme actions for that window, despite the system being under severe memory pressure, which is exactly when tuning is most important.

Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=3
author maintainer
#9 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 3/7] mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: support quota goal complement flag

Quoted 52 lines · On Sat, 19 Sep 2026 01:26:35 +0000 [email protected] wrote:

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [High] mm/damon: integer underflow in DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US complement calculation --

commit cd02e1bd14a7884bf9a21f0cab584b1a0f9992ce
Author: SJ Park <[email protected]>

mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: support quota goal complement flag

This patch adds a new sysfs file for the quota goal directory to allow setting and getting the quota goal metric complement flag value.

Quoted 4 lines
mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c +0 -0
index 06af417bc9a2f..8f083611741fd 100644

[ ... ]

mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c static int damos_sysfs_add_quota_score( · line 2905

Quoted 10 lines
mm/damon/sysfs-schemes.c +2 -1
@@ -2869,7 +2898,8 @@ static int damos_sysfs_add_quota_score(
 		if (!sysfs_goal->target_value)
 			continue;
 
-		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(sysfs_goal->metric, false,
+		goal = damos_new_quota_goal(sysfs_goal->metric,
+				sysfs_goal->complement,
 				sysfs_goal->target_value);
 		if (!goal)
 			return -ENOMEM;

[Severity: High]
Now that complement = true can be configured via sysfs, does this expose an integer underflow in damos_set_quota_goal_current_value()?

If a user configures a DAMOS quota goal using DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US with complement = true, the actual elapsed wall-clock time between evaluations can exceed the configured s->quota.reset_interval due to routine thread scheduling delays or high system load.

In mm/damon/core.c:damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(), the accumulated PSI time (goal->current_value) could then exceed reset_interval * 1000, underflowing the unsigned subtraction:

	if (goal->metric = DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US) {
		goal->current_value = s->quota.reset_interval * 1000 -
			goal->current_value;
		return;
	}

Unlike the basis-point metrics below it, this lacks a safety bounds check. The unsigned integer underflow results in an erroneously massive quota score.

Quoted 7 lines

This causes damon_feed_loop_next_input() to evaluate score >= goal * 2 and return the minimum possible input (min_input), severely throttling the quota size (esz) to a minimal value.

This effectively disables DAMOS scheme actions for that window, despite the system being under severe memory pressure, which is exactly when tuning is most important.

I will fix in the next revision.

Quoted 4 lines
Signature · 2 lines
-- 
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=3

Thanks,
SJ

author maintainer
#10 lore raw

RFC PATCH v2 4/7 mm/damon/tests/core-kunit: test quota_goal->complement commit

In reply to SJ Park

Extend existing DAMOS quota goal commit unit test to test the complement flag. Set the source complement flag and confirm the destination is updated to the given input.

---
 mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
mm/damon/tests/core-kunit.h +2 -0
index e8290a2c6f343..a2504e96954f7 100644
@@ -819,6 +819,7 @@ static void damos_test_commit_quota_goal_for(struct kunit *test,
 	damos_commit_quota_goal(dst, src);
 
 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, dst->metric, src->metric);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, dst->complement, src->complement);
 	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, dst->target_value, src->target_value);
 	if (src->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT)
 		KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, dst->current_value, src->current_value);
@@ -862,6 +863,7 @@ static void damos_test_commit_quota_goal(struct kunit *test)
 	damos_test_commit_quota_goal_for(test, &dst,
 			&(struct damos_quota_goal){
 			.metric = DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT,
+			.complement = true,
 			.target_value = 789,
 			.current_value = 12});
 	damos_test_commit_quota_goal_for(test, &dst,
Signature · 1 line
2.47.3
#11 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 4/7] mm/damon/tests/core-kunit: test quota_goal->complement commit

Sashiko has reviewed this patch and found no issues. It looks great!
Quoted 5 lines

Extend existing DAMOS quota goal commit unit test to test the complement flag. Set the source complement flag and confirm the destination is updated to the given input.

Sashiko has reviewed this patch and found no issues. It looks great!

Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=4
author maintainer
#12 lore raw

RFC PATCH v2 5/7 Docs/mm/damon/design: document damos quota goal complement flag

In reply to SJ Park

Update DAMON design document for the newly added damos quota goal metric value complement flag.

---
 Documentation/mm/damon/design.rst | 13 +++++++++----
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
Documentation/mm/damon/design.rst +9 -4
index e82390e77a70a..c82be80738c45 100644
@@ -702,10 +702,10 @@ There are two such tuning algorithms that users can select as they need.
   that the zero quota is a valid quota, and therefore ``qt_exceeds`` :ref:`stat
   <damon_design_damos_stat>` will keep increasing in this case.
 
-The goal can be specified with five parameters, namely ``target_metric``,
-``target_value``, ``current_value``, ``nid`` and ``path``.  The auto-tuning
-mechanism tries to make ``current_value`` of ``target_metric`` be same to
-``target_value``.
+The goal can be specified with six parameters, namely ``target_metric``,
+``complement``, ``target_value``, ``current_value``, ``nid`` and ``path``.  The
+auto-tuning mechanism tries to make ``current_value`` of ``complement``-ed
+``target_metric`` be same to ``target_value``.
 
 - ``user_input``: User-provided value.  Users could use any metric that they
   has interest in for the value.  Use space main workload's latency or
@@ -733,6 +733,11 @@ mechanism tries to make ``current_value`` of ``target_metric`` be same to
 - ``hugepage_mem_bp``: Total huge page to total used memory ratio in bp
   (1/10,000).
 
+``complement`` is a boolean parameter that determines whether to use
+complemented value of the target metric.  For example, if ``complement`` is set
+and target metric is ``active_mem_bp``, it is effectively same to
+``inactive_mem_bp``.
+
 ``nid`` is optionally required for ``node_mem_used_bp``, ``node_mem_free_bp``,
 ``node_memcg_used_bp``, ``node_memcg_free_bp`` and ``node_eligible_mem_bp`` to
 point the specific NUMA node.
Signature · 1 line
2.47.3
#13 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 5/7] Docs/mm/damon/design: document damos quota goal complement flag

Sashiko has reviewed this patch and found no issues. It looks great!
Quoted 4 lines

Update DAMON design document for the newly added damos quota goal metric value complement flag.

Sashiko has reviewed this patch and found no issues. It looks great!

Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=5
author maintainer
#14 lore raw

RFC PATCH v2 6/7 Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage: update for quota goal complement file

In reply to SJ Park

Update DAMON usage document for the newly added quota goal metric complement sysfs file.

---
 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage.rst | 15 ++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage.rst +8 -7
index ba47255448564..3d43954c7046c 100644
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ comma (",").
     │ │ │ │ │ │ │     fail_charge_num,fail_charge_denom
     │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ weights/sz_permil,nr_accesses_permil,age_permil
     │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ :ref:`goals <sysfs_schemes_quota_goals>`/nr_goals
-    │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 0/target_metric,target_value,current_value,nid,path
+    │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 0/target_metric,complement,target_value,
+    │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │  current_value,nid,path
     │ │ │ │ │ │ │ :ref:`watermarks <sysfs_watermarks>`/metric,interval_us,high,mid,low
     │ │ │ │ │ │ │ :ref:`{core_,ops_,}filters <sysfs_filters>`/nr_filters
     │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 0/type,matching,allow,memcg_path,addr_start,addr_end,damon_target_idx,min,max
@@ -492,12 +493,12 @@ number (``N``) to the file creates the number of child directories named ``0``
 to ``N-1``.  Each directory represents each goal and current achievement.
 Among the multiple feedback, the best one is used.
 
-Each goal directory contains five files, namely ``target_metric``,
-``target_value``, ``current_value``, ``nid``, and ``path``.  Users can set and
-get the five parameters for the quota auto-tuning goals that specified on the
-:ref:`design doc <damon_design_damos_quotas_auto_tuning>` by writing to and
-reading from each of the files.  Because the kernel does not update
-``current_value``, reading it only makes sense when ``target_metric`` is
+Each goal directory contains six files, namely ``target_metric``,
+``complement``, ``target_value``, ``current_value``, ``nid``, and ``path``.
+Users can set and get the six parameters for the quota auto-tuning goals that
+specified on the :ref:`design doc <damon_design_damos_quotas_auto_tuning>` by
+writing to and reading from each of the files.  Because the kernel does not
+update ``current_value``, reading it only makes sense when ``target_metric`` is
 ``user_input``.  Note that users should further write
 ``commit_schemes_quota_goals`` to the ``state`` file of the :ref:`kdamond
 directory <sysfs_kdamond>` to pass the feedback to DAMON.
Signature · 1 line
2.47.3
#15 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 6/7] Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage: update for quota goal complement file

Sashiko has reviewed this patch and found no issues. It looks great!
Quoted 4 lines

Update DAMON usage document for the newly added quota goal metric complement sysfs file.

Sashiko has reviewed this patch and found no issues. It looks great!

Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=6
author maintainer
#16 lore raw

RFC PATCH v2 7/7 Docs/ABI/damon: update for quota goal metric complement sysfs file

In reply to SJ Park

Update DAMON ABI document for the newly added damos quota goal metric complement sysfs file.

---
 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-damon | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-damon +6 -0
index 55df688ea596f..4acb2015c2f4f 100644
@@ -375,6 +375,12 @@ Contact:	SJ Park <[email protected]>
 Description:	Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets the quota
 		auto-tuning goal metric.
 
+What:		/sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/goals/<G>/complement
+Date:		Sep 2026
+Contact:	SJ Park <[email protected]>
+Description:	Writing to and reading from this file sets and gets whether to
+		use the complement value of the quota auto-tuning goal metric.
+
 What:		/sys/kernel/mm/damon/admin/kdamonds/<K>/contexts/<C>/schemes/<S>/quotas/goals/<G>/target_value
 Date:		Nov 2023
 Contact:	SJ Park <[email protected]>
Signature · 1 line
2.47.3
#17 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 7/7] Docs/ABI/damon: update for quota goal metric complement sysfs file

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider: - [High] mm: integer underflow in damos_set_quota_goal_current_value() --

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [High] mm: integer underflow in damos_set_quota_goal_current_value()
--

commit f2de2d4493473c2c847f3ad213eaef640f0e1600
Author: SJ Park <[email protected]>

mm/damon/core: introduce damos_quota_goal->complement

Introduce damos_quota_goal->complement for specifying whether to use a complemented value of the given goal target metric. Add the field to the data structure and implement essential core support.

Quoted 4 lines
mm/damon/core.c +0 -0
index 2258b72da7a78..9fd08cbfacd8c 100644

[ ... ]

Quoted 5 lines
mm/damon/core.c +1 -0
@@ -3238,6 +3239,23 @@ static void damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(struct damon_ctx *c,
 	default:
 		break;
 	}
+	if (!goal->complement)

mm/damon/core.c static void damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(struct damon_ctx *c, · line 3252

Quoted 10 lines
mm/damon/core.c +10 -0
+		return;
+
+	/* updte current_value to complemented value */
+
+	/* for user_input, users set complemented value on their own */
+	if (goal->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT)
+		return;
+	if (goal->metric == DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US) {
+		goal->current_value = s->quota.reset_interval * 1000 -
+			goal->current_value;

[Severity: High]
Does this unprotected subtraction in damos_set_quota_goal_current_value() risk an integer underflow?

If a user configures DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US with complement enabled via sysfs and sets a target_value greater than reset_interval * 1000, the initial round (where current_value = target_value) will immediately underflow.

Furthermore, if the kdamond thread is delayed by the scheduler beyond the reset interval, the measured PSI time can naturally exceed reset_interval * 1000, which would also trigger the underflow.

This underflow would result in a huge current_value (near ULONG_MAX), which is then fed into damos_quota_score(), producing an astronomically high tuning score that aggressively drops the effective quota to zero, breaking the quota regulation mechanism.

Quoted 7 lines
mm/damon/core.c +6 -0
+		return;
+	}
+	if (goal->current_value < 10000)
+		goal->current_value = 10000 - goal->current_value;
+	else
+		goal->current_value = 0;
 }
Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=7
author maintainer
#18 lore raw

Re: [RFC PATCH v2 7/7] Docs/ABI/damon: update for quota goal metric complement sysfs file

Quoted 44 lines · On Sat, 19 Sep 2026 01:23:21 +0000 [email protected] wrote:

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential issue(s) to consider:
- [High] mm: integer underflow in damos_set_quota_goal_current_value()
--

commit f2de2d4493473c2c847f3ad213eaef640f0e1600
Author: SJ Park <[email protected]>

mm/damon/core: introduce damos_quota_goal->complement

Introduce damos_quota_goal->complement for specifying whether to use a complemented value of the given goal target metric. Add the field to the data structure and implement essential core support.

Quoted 4 lines
mm/damon/core.c +0 -0
index 2258b72da7a78..9fd08cbfacd8c 100644

[ ... ]

Quoted 5 lines
mm/damon/core.c +1 -0
@@ -3238,6 +3239,23 @@ static void damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(struct damon_ctx *c,
 	default:
 		break;
 	}
+	if (!goal->complement)

mm/damon/core.c static void damos_set_quota_goal_current_value(struct damon_ctx *c, · line 3252

Quoted 10 lines
mm/damon/core.c +10 -0
+		return;
+
+	/* updte current_value to complemented value */
+
+	/* for user_input, users set complemented value on their own */
+	if (goal->metric = DAMOS_QUOTA_USER_INPUT)
+		return;
+	if (goal->metric = DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US) {
+		goal->current_value = s->quota.reset_interval * 1000 -
+			goal->current_value;

[Severity: High]
Does this unprotected subtraction in damos_set_quota_goal_current_value() risk an integer underflow?

If a user configures DAMOS_QUOTA_SOME_MEM_PSI_US with complement enabled via sysfs and sets a target_value greater than reset_interval * 1000, the initial round (where current_value = target_value) will immediately underflow.

Quoted 8 lines

Furthermore, if the kdamond thread is delayed by the scheduler beyond the reset interval, the measured PSI time can naturally exceed reset_interval * 1000, which would also trigger the underflow.

This underflow would result in a huge current_value (near ULONG_MAX), which is then fed into damos_quota_score(), producing an astronomically high tuning score that aggressively drops the effective quota to zero, breaking the quota regulation mechanism.

I will fix this in the next spin.

Quoted 12 lines
Quoted 8 lines
mm/damon/core.c +6 -0
+		return;
+	}
+	if (goal->current_value < 10000)
+		goal->current_value = 10000 - goal->current_value;
+	else
+		goal->current_value = 0;
 }
Signature · 1 line
Sashiko AI review · https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/[email protected]?part=7

Thanks,
SJ