kprobes: kretprobe user entry-handler (updated)
Subsystems (2)
PATCH 1/1 kprobes: kretprobe user entry-handler (updated)
This is a repost of a patch which was reviewed earlier at:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/11/13/58 (thanks to Jim Keniston and Srinivasa for their review comments). This provides support to add an optional user defined callback to be run at function entry of a kretprobe'd function. It also modifies the kprobe smoke tests to include an entry-handler during the kretprobe sanity test.
---
Documentation/kprobes.txt +69 -12
@@ -96,7 +96,9 @@ or in registers (e.g., for x86_64 or for The jprobe will work in either case, so long as the handler's prototype matches that of the probed function. -1.3 How Does a Return Probe Work? +1.3 Return Probes + +1.3.1 How Does a Return Probe Work? When you call register_kretprobe(), Kprobes establishes a kprobe at the entry to the function. When the probed function is called and this
@@ -107,9 +109,9 @@ At boot time, Kprobes registers a kprobe When the probed function executes its return instruction, control passes to the trampoline and that probe is hit. Kprobes' trampoline -handler calls the user-specified handler associated with the kretprobe, -then sets the saved instruction pointer to the saved return address, -and that's where execution resumes upon return from the trap. +handler calls the user-specified return handler associated with the +kretprobe, then sets the saved instruction pointer to the saved return +address, and that's where execution resumes upon return from the trap. While the probed function is executing, its return address is stored in an object of type kretprobe_instance. Before calling
@@ -131,6 +133,30 @@ zero when the return probe is registered time the probed function is entered but there is no kretprobe_instance object available for establishing the return probe. +1.3.2 Kretprobe entry-handler + +Kretprobes also provides an optional user-specified handler which runs +on function entry. This handler is specified by setting the entry_handler +field of the kretprobe struct. Whenever the kprobe placed by kretprobe at the +function entry is hit, the user-defined entry_handler, if any, is invoked. +If the entry_handler returns 0 (success) then a corresponding return handler +is guaranteed to be called upon function return. If the entry_handler +returns a non-zero error then Kprobes leaves the return address as is, and +the kretprobe has no further effect for that particular function instance. + +Multiple entry and return handler invocations are matched using the unique +kretprobe_instance object associated with them. Additionally, a user +may also specify per return-instance private data to be part of each +kretprobe_instance object. This is especially useful when sharing private +data between corresponding user entry and return handlers. The size of each +private data object can be specified at kretprobe registration time by +setting the data_size field of the kretprobe struct. This data can be +accessed through the data field of each kretprobe_instance object. + +In case probed function is entered but there is no kretprobe_instance +object available, then in addition to incrementing the nmissed count, +the user entry_handler invocation is also skipped. + 2. Architectures Supported Kprobes, jprobes, and return probes are implemented on the following
@@ -273,6 +299,8 @@ of interest: - ret_addr: the return address - rp: points to the corresponding kretprobe object - task: points to the corresponding task struct +- data: points to per return-instance private data; see "Kretprobe + entry-handler" for details. The regs_return_value(regs) macro provides a simple abstraction to extract the return value from the appropriate register as defined by
@@ -555,23 +583,52 @@ report failed calls to sys_open(). #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kprobes.h> +#include <linux/ktime.h> + +/* per-instance private data */ +struct my_data { + ktime_t entry_stamp; +}; static const char *probed_func = "sys_open"; -/* Return-probe handler: If the probed function fails, log the return value. */ -static int ret_handler(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs) +/* Timestamp function entry. */ +static int entry_handler(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs) +{ + struct my_data *data; + + if(!current->mm) + return 1; /* skip kernel threads */ + + data = (struct my_data *)ri->data; + data->entry_stamp = ktime_get(); + return 0; +} + +/* If the probed function failed, log the return value and duration. + * Duration may turn out to be zero consistently, depending upon the + * granularity of time accounting on the platform. */ +static int return_handler(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs) { int retval = regs_return_value(regs); + struct my_data *data = (struct my_data *)ri->data; + s64 delta; + ktime_t now; + if (retval < 0) { - printk("%s returns %d\n", probed_func, retval); + now = ktime_get(); + delta = ktime_to_ns(ktime_sub(now, data->entry_stamp)); + printk("%s: return val = %d (duration = %lld ns)\n", + probed_func, retval, delta); } return 0; } static struct kretprobe my_kretprobe = { - .handler = ret_handler, - /* Probe up to 20 instances concurrently. */ - .maxactive = 20 + .handler = return_handler, + .entry_handler = entry_handler, + .data_size = sizeof(struct my_data), + .maxactive = 20, /* probe up to 20 instances concurrently */ }; static int __init kretprobe_init(void)
@@ -583,7 +640,7 @@ static int __init kretprobe_init(void) printk("register_kretprobe failed, returned %d\n", ret); return -1; } - printk("Planted return probe at %p\n", my_kretprobe.kp.addr); + printk("Kretprobe active on %s\n", my_kretprobe.kp.symbol_name); return 0; }
@@ -593,7 +650,7 @@ static void __exit kretprobe_exit(void) printk("kretprobe unregistered\n"); /* nmissed > 0 suggests that maxactive was set too low. */ printk("Missed probing %d instances of %s\n", - my_kretprobe.nmissed, probed_func); + my_kretprobe.nmissed, probed_func); } module_init(kretprobe_init)
include/linux/kprobes.h +3 -0
@@ -152,8 +152,10 @@ static inline int arch_trampoline_kprobestruct kretprobe {struct kprobe kp;kretprobe_handler_t handler; +kretprobe_handler_t entry_handler;int maxactive;int nmissed; +size_t data_size;struct hlist_head free_instances;struct hlist_head used_instances; };
@@ -164,6 +166,7 @@ struct kretprobe_instance {struct kretprobe *rp;kprobe_opcode_t *ret_addr;struct task_struct *task; +char data[0 ]; };struct kretprobe_blackpoint {
kernel/kprobes.c +8 -1
@@ -699,6 +699,12 @@ static int __kprobes pre_handler_kretpro struct kretprobe_instance, uflist); ri->rp = rp; ri->task = current; + +if (rp->entry_handler && rp->entry_handler (ri, regs)) { +spin_unlock_irqrestore (&kretprobe_lock, flags); +return 0 ; + } +arch_prepare_kretprobe (ri, regs);/* XXX(hch): why is there no hlist_move_head? */
@@ -745,7 +751,8 @@ int __kprobes register_kretprobe(structINIT_HLIST_HEAD (&rp->used_instances);INIT_HLIST_HEAD (&rp->free_instances);for (i =0 ; i < rp->maxactive; i++) { - inst =kmalloc (sizeof (struct kretprobe_instance ),GFP_KERNEL ); + inst =kmalloc (sizeof (struct kretprobe_instance ) + + rp->data_size,GFP_KERNEL );if (inst ==NULL ) {free_rp_inst (rp);return -ENOMEM ;
kernel/test_kprobes.c +14 -2
@@ -135,6 +135,12 @@ static int test_jprobe(void)#ifdef CONFIG_KRETPROBES static u32 krph_val; +static int entry_handler (struct kretprobe_instance *ri,struct pt_regs *regs) +{ + krph_val = (rand1 / div_factor); +return 0 ; +} +static int return_handler (struct kretprobe_instance *ri,struct pt_regs *regs) {unsigned long ret =regs_return_value (regs);
@@ -144,13 +150,19 @@ static int return_handler(struct kretproprintk (KERN_ERR "Kprobe smoke test failed: " "incorrect value in kretprobe handler\n" ); } +if (krph_val ==0 ) { + handler_errors++; +printk (KERN_ERR "Kprobe smoke test failed: " +"call to kretprobe entry handler failed\n" ); + } - krph_val = (rand1 / div_factor); + krph_val = rand1;return 0 ; }static struct kretprobe rp = { .handler = return_handler, + .entry_handler = entry_handler, .kp.symbol_name ="kprobe_target" };
@@ -167,7 +179,7 @@ static int test_kretprobe(void) ret =kprobe_target (rand1);unregister_kretprobe (&rp); -if (krph_val ==0 ) { +if (krph_val != rand1) {printk (KERN_ERR "Kprobe smoke test failed: " "kretprobe handler not called\n" ); handler_errors++;
Quoted 3 lines · On Sat, 26 Jan 2008 23:52:48 +0530 Abhishek Sagar <[email protected]>…
This is a repost of a patch which was reviewed earlier at:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/11/13/58 (thanks to Jim Keniston and Srinivasa for their review comments). This provides support to add an optional user defined callback to be run at function entry of a kretprobe'd function. It also modifies the kprobe smoke tests to include an entry-handler during the kretprobe sanity test.
Neither the changelog nor the newly-added documentation explain why Linux needs this feature. What will it be used for??
Documentation/kprobes.txt zero when the return probe is registered · line 138
Quoted 3 lines
+1.3.2 Kretprobe entry-handler
Documentation/kprobes.txt +2
-0+ +Kretprobes also provides an optional user-specified handler which runs
I think "caller-specified" would be a better term here. Generally "user" refers to Aunt Tillie sitting at the keyboard.
Documentation/kprobes.txt report failed calls to sys_open(). · line 601
Quoted 7 lines
Documentation/kprobes.txt +7
-0+/* Timestamp function entry. */ +static int entry_handler(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs) +{ + struct my_data *data; + + if(!current->mm) + return 1; /* skip kernel threads */
gargh, what's happened to checkpatch lately? It failed to notice the missing space.
Quoted 2 lines · Andrew Morton
Neither the changelog nor the newly-added documentation explain why Linux needs this feature. What will it be used for??
There's a detailed discussion along with an example on this thread:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/11/13/58
and a bit on:
http://sourceware.org/ml/systemtap/2005-q3/msg00593.html
The real advantage of this patch is in scenarios where some data (like function paramters, system time etc) needs to be shared between function entry and exit. E.g: Viewing the change in system time across a call to profile it. Here, we have a need to share data between the entry and exit events of a function call. Also, the correct association needs to be maintained between the corresponding function entry-exit pairs. This is already done using a 'return-instance' in kretprobes. This patch allows these instances to pouch some data as well. The patch also has a module example which does trivial function time-duration profiling using entry-handlers. It makes writing function profilers simpler using kretprobes.
Currently, doing such a thing would require an extra kprobe to be planted at function entry-point and whose pre-handler must have all the complexity to do the function entry-exit data association. Also, using an entry-handler is optional, and is completely backward compatible.
Quoted 6 lines
Documentation/kprobes.txt zero when the return probe is registered · line 138
Quoted 3 lines
+1.3.2 Kretprobe entry-handler
Documentation/kprobes.txt +2
-0+ +Kretprobes also provides an optional user-specified handler which runsI think "caller-specified" would be a better term here. Generally "user" refers to Aunt Tillie sitting at the keyboard.
Just followed suit from exising kprobes.txt which had quite a few references to such a 'user'.
Cheerfully Acked by -> Aunt Tillie :-)
--
Thanks,
Abhishek
Quoted 17 lines · Andrew Morton
Quoted 3 lines · On Sat, 26 Jan 2008 23:52:48 +0530 Abhishek Sagar <[email protected]>…
This is a repost of a patch which was reviewed earlier at:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/11/13/58 (thanks to Jim Keniston and Srinivasa for their review comments). This provides support to add an optional user defined callback to be run at function entry of a kretprobe'd function. It also modifies the kprobe smoke tests to include an entry-handler during the kretprobe sanity test.Neither the changelog nor the newly-added documentation explain why Linux needs this feature. What will it be used for??
Documentation/kprobes.txt zero when the return probe is registered · line 138
Quoted 3 lines
+1.3.2 Kretprobe entry-handler
Documentation/kprobes.txt +2
-0+ +Kretprobes also provides an optional user-specified handler which runsI think "caller-specified" would be a better term here. Generally "user" refers to Aunt Tillie sitting at the keyboard.
Quoted 10 lines
Documentation/kprobes.txt report failed calls to sys_open(). · line 601
Quoted 7 lines
Documentation/kprobes.txt +7
-0+/* Timestamp function entry. */ +static int entry_handler(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs) +{ + struct my_data *data; + + if(!current->mm) + return 1; /* skip kernel threads */gargh, what's happened to checkpatch lately? It failed to notice the missing space.
This had me going for a while. This was missed as this code is not actually in a source file. Its actually found in Documentation/kprobes.txt and we do not apply source level checks to non-source file types.
Hmmm.
-apw
Quoted 5 lines · Abhishek Sagar
This is a repost of a patch which was reviewed earlier at:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/11/13/58 (thanks to Jim Keniston and Srinivasa for their review comments). This provides support to add an optional user defined callback to be run at function entry of a kretprobe'd function. It also modifies the kprobe smoke tests to include an entry-handler during the kretprobe sanity test.Signed-off-by Abhishek Sagar <[email protected]>---
Tested (again) on i386.