question about stalls in perf

Hi all,

Recently, I'm using perf to do some profiling work on SandyBridge.

And I found two events stalled-cycles-frontend and stalled-cycles-backend very interesting, while I'm not sure what are their accurate definitions. So my question is which hardware counters on SandyBridge are used to calculate these two events and how (an equation would be perfect). Furthermore, I was wondering if it is possible for someone to tell me in which file this calculation processes in the source code of perf.

Thanks a lot!

Regards,
Yunqi

Hi Yunqi,

It is probably best to find out which specific code are being used to set up counters for those events. This can be found around the following line of code in the kernel for sandybridge:

http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.7.7/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel.c#L2069

2068 /* UOPS_ISSUED.ANY,c=1,i=1 to count stall cycles */
2069 intel_perfmon_event_map[PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND] =
2070 X86_CONFIG(.event=0x0e, .umask=0x01, .inv=1, .cmask=1);
2071 /* UOPS_DISPATCHED.THREAD,c=1,i=1 to count stall cycles*/
2072 intel_perfmon_event_map[PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND] =
2073 X86_CONFIG(.event=0xb1, .umask=0x01, .inv=1, .cmask=1);

The first event counts the number of cycles no ops are issued to the queue. The

The events are described in the Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual
Combined Volumes 3A, 3B, and 3C: System Programming Guide, Parts 1 and 2 available and the Architecture Optimization Reference Manual from:

http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/architectures-software-developer-manuals.html

Table 19-6 of volume 3 (Non-Architectural Performance Events In the Processor Core Common to 2nd Generation Intel® CoreTM i7-2xxx, Intel® CoreTM i5-2xxx, Intel® CoreTM i3-2xxx Processor Series and Intel® Xeon® Processors E5 Family) describes the event for 0x0e and 0xb1.

Chapter 2.1.1 of the Architecture optimizaiton manual describes the sandybridge pipeline. And B.3.2 "Hierarchical Top-Down Performance Characterization Methodology and Locating Performance Bottlenecks" in the optimization manual describes front end and back end stalls.

-Will

counters for those events. This

intel_perfmon_event_map[PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND] =

.cmask=1);

intel_perfmon_event_map[PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND] =

.cmask=1);

The

Developer's Manual

available and the Architecture

developer-manuals.html

Core Common to 2nd

Processor Series

sandybridge pipeline. And B.3.2

Performance

stalls.

Thanks a lot Will! Happy Valentine's Day!