vDSO time changes for 2.6.40
v5 cover vDSO time changes for 2.6.40
[Patch 8/8 is brand-new and optional. If anyone objects to it,
please just drop it for 2.6.40 and I'll fix it for 2.6.41.]
This series speeds up vclock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) on by almost 30% (tested on Sandy Bridge). It also adds time() to the vDSO so that we can deprecate the vsyscall entry points later on. These patches are intended for 2.6.40, and if I'm feeling really ambitious I'll try to shave a few more ns off for 2.6.41. (There are lots more optimization opportunities in there.)
x86-64: Clean up vdso/kernel shared variables
Because vsyscall_gtod_data's address isn't known until load time, the code contains unnecessary address calculations. The code is also rather complicated. Clean it up and use addresses that are known at compile time.
x86-64: Remove unnecessary barrier in vread_tsc
A fair amount of testing on lots of machines has failed to find a single example in which the barrier *after* rdtsc is needed. So remove it. (The manuals give no real justification for it, and rdtsc has no dependencies so there's no sensible reason for a CPU to delay it.)
x86-64: Don't generate cmov in vread_tsc
GCC likes to generate a cmov on a branch that's almost completely predictable. Force it to generate a real branch instead.
x86-64: vclock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) can't ever see nsec < 0
vset_normalize_timespec was more general than necessary. Open-code the appropriate normalization loops. This is a big win for CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE.
x86-64: Move vread_tsc into a new file with sensible options
This way vread_tsc doesn't have a frame pointer, with saves about 0.3ns. I guess that the CPU's stack frame optimizations aren't quite as good as I thought.
x86-64: Turn off -pg and turn on -foptimize-sibling-calls for vDSO
We're building the vDSO with optimizations disabled that were meant for kernel code. Override that, except for -fno-omit-frame-pointers, which might make userspace debugging harder.
x86-64: Add time to vDSO
x86-64: Optimize vDSO time()
These aren't strictly related, but they depend on the vvar cleanup. They will allow us to deprecate all of the vsyscall entries.
Changes from v4:
- Rebase to 2.6.39.
- Add a missing Signed-off-by.
- Add time() to vDSO.
- Add optional patch 8/8 to optimize vDSO time() as an extra incentive to use it over the old time() vsyscall.
Changes from v3:
- Put jiffies and vgetcpu_mode into the same cacheline. I folded it into the vsyscall cleanup patch because it's literally just changing a number. (In theory one more cacheline could be saved by putting jiffies and vgetcpu_mode at the end of gtod_data, but that would be annoying to maintain and would, I think, have little benefit.
- Don't turn off frame pointers in vDSO code.
Changes from v2:
- Just remove the second barrier instead of hacking it. Tests still pass.
Changes from v1:
- Redo the vsyscall_gtod_data address patch to make the code cleaner instead of uglier and to make it work for all the vsyscall variables.
- Improve the comments for clarity and formatting.
- Fix up the changelog for the nsec < 0 tweak (the normalization code can't be inline because the two callers are different).
- Move vread_tsc into its own file, removing a GCC version dependence and making it more maintainable.
Andy Lutomirski (8):
x86-64: Clean up vdso/kernel shared variables
x86-64: Remove unnecessary barrier in vread_tsc
x86-64: Don't generate cmov in vread_tsc
x86-64: vclock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) can't ever see nsec < 0
x86-64: Move vread_tsc into a new file with sensible options
x86-64: Turn off -pg and turn on -foptimize-sibling-calls for vDSO
x86-64: Add time to vDSO
x86-64: Optimize vDSO time()
arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h | 4 ++ arch/x86/include/asm/vdso.h | 14 ------- arch/x86/include/asm/vgtod.h | 2 - arch/x86/include/asm/vsyscall.h | 12 +----- arch/x86/include/asm/vvar.h | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ arch/x86/kernel/Makefile | 8 +++-- arch/x86/kernel/time.c | 2 +- arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c | 19 ---------- arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 34 ++++++------------ arch/x86/kernel/vread_tsc_64.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++++ arch/x86/kernel/vsyscall_64.c | 46 ++++++++++-------------- arch/x86/vdso/Makefile | 17 ++++++++- arch/x86/vdso/vclock_gettime.c | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------- arch/x86/vdso/vdso.lds.S | 9 +---- arch/x86/vdso/vextern.h | 16 -------- arch/x86/vdso/vgetcpu.c | 3 +- arch/x86/vdso/vma.c | 27 -------------- arch/x86/vdso/vvar.c | 12 ------ 18 files changed, 202 insertions(+), 185 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/vvar.h create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/vread_tsc_64.c delete mode 100644 arch/x86/vdso/vextern.h delete mode 100644 arch/x86/vdso/vvar.c
Signature · 1 line
1.7.5.1
PATCH v5 1/8 x86-64: Clean up vdso/kernel shared variables
Variables that are shared between the vdso and the kernel are currently a bit of a mess. They are each defined with their own magic, they are accessed differently in the kernel, the vsyscall page, and the vdso, and one of them (vsyscall_clock) doesn't even really exist.
This changes them all to use a common mechanism. All of them are delcared in vvar.h with a fixed address (validated by the linker script). In the kernel (as before), they look like ordinary read-write variables. In the vsyscall page and the vdso, they are accessed through a new macro VVAR, which gives read-only access.
The vdso is now loaded verbatim into memory without any fixups. As a side bonus, access from the vdso is faster because a level of indirection is removed.
While we're at it, pack jiffies and vgetcpu_mode into the same cacheline.
--- arch/x86/include/asm/vdso.h | 14 ---------- arch/x86/include/asm/vgtod.h | 2 - arch/x86/include/asm/vsyscall.h | 12 +------- arch/x86/include/asm/vvar.h | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ arch/x86/kernel/time.c | 2 +- arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c | 4 +- arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 34 ++++++++----------------- arch/x86/kernel/vsyscall_64.c | 46 +++++++++++++++------------------- arch/x86/vdso/Makefile | 2 +- arch/x86/vdso/vclock_gettime.c | 3 +- arch/x86/vdso/vdso.lds.S | 7 ----- arch/x86/vdso/vextern.h | 16 ------------ arch/x86/vdso/vgetcpu.c | 3 +- arch/x86/vdso/vma.c | 27 -------------------- arch/x86/vdso/vvar.c | 12 --------- 15 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 145 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/vvar.h delete mode 100644 arch/x86/vdso/vextern.h delete mode 100644 arch/x86/vdso/vvar.c
arch/x86/include/asm/vdso.h +0 -14
@@ -1,20 +1,6 @@#ifndef _ASM_X86_VDSO_H#define _ASM_X86_VDSO_H -#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 -extern const char VDSO64_PRELINK []; - -/* -* Given a pointer to the vDSO image, find the pointer to VDSO64_name -* as that symbol is defined in the vDSO sources or linker script. -*/ -#define VDSO64_SYMBOL (base, name) \ -({ \ - extern const char VDSO64_##name[]; \ - (void *)(VDSO64_##name - VDSO64_PRELINK + (unsigned long)(base)); \ -}) -#endif -#if definedCONFIG_X86_32 || definedCONFIG_COMPAT extern const char VDSO32_PRELINK [];
arch/x86/include/asm/vgtod.h +0 -2
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ struct vsyscall_gtod_data {struct timespec wall_to_monotonic; struct timespec wall_time_coarse; }; -extern struct vsyscall_gtod_data __vsyscall_gtod_data -__section_vsyscall_gtod_data;extern struct vsyscall_gtod_data vsyscall_gtod_data;#endif /* _ASM_X86_VGTOD_H */
arch/x86/include/asm/vsyscall.h +2 -10
@@ -16,27 +16,19 @@ enum vsyscall_num {#ifdef __KERNEL__#include <linux/seqlock.h> -#define __section_vgetcpu_mode __attribute__ ((unused, __section__ (".vgetcpu_mode"), aligned(16))) -#define __section_jiffies __attribute__ ((unused, __section__ (".jiffies"), aligned(16))) -/* Definitions for CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME definitions */ -#define __section_vsyscall_gtod_data __attribute__ \ - ((unused, __section__ (".vsyscall_gtod_data"),aligned(16))) -#define __section_vsyscall_clock __attribute__ \ - ((unused, __section__ (".vsyscall_clock"),aligned(16)))#define __vsyscall_fn \ __attribute__ ((unused, __section__(".vsyscall_fn"))) notrace#define VGETCPU_RDTSCP 1#define VGETCPU_LSL 2 -extern int __vgetcpu_mode; -extern volatile unsigned long __jiffies; -/* kernel space (writeable) */ extern int vgetcpu_mode;extern struct timezone sys_tz; +#include <asm/vvar.h> +extern void map_vsyscall (void );#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
arch/x86/include/asm/vvar.h new file +52 -0
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arch/x86/kernel/time.c +1 -1
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@#include <asm/time.h> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 -volatile unsigned long __jiffies __section_jiffies =INITIAL_JIFFIES ; +DEFINE_VVAR(volatile unsigned long, jiffies) = INITIAL_JIFFIES;#endif unsigned long profile_pc (struct pt_regs *regs)
arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c +2 -2
@@ -777,8 +777,8 @@ static cycle_t __vsyscall_fn vread_tsc(void) ret = (cycle_t )vget_cycles ();rdtsc_barrier (); -return ret >= __vsyscall_gtod_data.clock.cycle_last ? - ret : __vsyscall_gtod_data.clock.cycle_last; +return ret >=VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).clock.cycle_last ? + ret : VVAR(vsyscall_gtod_data).clock.cycle_last; }#endif
arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S +11 -23
@@ -161,6 +161,12 @@ SECTIONS #define VVIRT_OFFSET (VSYSCALL_ADDR - __vsyscall_0) #define VVIRT(x) (ADDR(x) - VVIRT_OFFSET) +#define EMIT_VVAR(x, offset) .vsyscall_var_ ## x \ + ADDR(.vsyscall_0) + offset \ + : AT(VLOAD(.vsyscall_var_ ## x)) { \ + *(.vsyscall_var_ ## x) \ + } \ + x = VVIRT(.vsyscall_var_ ## x); . = ALIGN(4096); __vsyscall_0 = .;
@@ -175,18 +181,6 @@ SECTIONS *(.vsyscall_fn) } - . = ALIGN(L1_CACHE_BYTES); - .vsyscall_gtod_data : AT(VLOAD(.vsyscall_gtod_data)) { - *(.vsyscall_gtod_data) - } - - vsyscall_gtod_data = VVIRT(.vsyscall_gtod_data); - .vsyscall_clock : AT(VLOAD(.vsyscall_clock)) { - *(.vsyscall_clock) - } - vsyscall_clock = VVIRT(.vsyscall_clock); - - .vsyscall_1 ADDR(.vsyscall_0) + 1024: AT(VLOAD(.vsyscall_1)) { *(.vsyscall_1) }
@@ -194,21 +188,14 @@ SECTIONS *(.vsyscall_2) } - .vgetcpu_mode : AT(VLOAD(.vgetcpu_mode)) { - *(.vgetcpu_mode) - } - vgetcpu_mode = VVIRT(.vgetcpu_mode); - - . = ALIGN(L1_CACHE_BYTES); - .jiffies : AT(VLOAD(.jiffies)) { - *(.jiffies) - } - jiffies = VVIRT(.jiffies); - .vsyscall_3 ADDR(.vsyscall_0) + 3072: AT(VLOAD(.vsyscall_3)) { *(.vsyscall_3) } +#define __VVAR_KERNEL_LDS +#include <asm/vvar.h> +#undef __VVAR_KERNEL_LDS + . = __vsyscall_0 + PAGE_SIZE; #undef VSYSCALL_ADDR
@@ -216,6 +203,7 @@ SECTIONS #undef VLOAD #undef VVIRT_OFFSET #undef VVIRT +#undef EMIT_VVAR #endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
arch/x86/kernel/vsyscall_64.c +20 -26
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arch/x86/vdso/Makefile +1 -1
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ vdso-install-$(VDSO32-y) += $(vdso32-images) # files to link into the vdso -vobjs-y := vdso-note.o vclock_gettime.o vgetcpu.o vvar.o +vobjs-y := vdso-note.o vclock_gettime.o vgetcpu.o # files to link into kernel obj-$(VDSO64-y) += vma.o vdso.o
arch/x86/vdso/vclock_gettime.c +1 -2
@@ -22,9 +22,8 @@#include <asm/hpet.h> #include <asm/unistd.h> #include <asm/io.h> -#include "vextern.h" -#define gtod vdso_vsyscall_gtod_data +#define gtod (&VVAR(vsyscall_gtod_data)) notrace static long vdso_fallback_gettime(long clock, struct timespec *ts) {
arch/x86/vdso/vdso.lds.S +0 -7
@@ -28,10 +28,3 @@ VERSION { } VDSO64_PRELINK = VDSO_PRELINK; - -/* - * Define VDSO64_x for each VEXTERN(x), for use via VDSO64_SYMBOL. - */ -#define VEXTERN(x) VDSO64_ ## x = vdso_ ## x; -#include "vextern.h" -#undef VEXTERN
arch/x86/vdso/vextern.h deleted +0 -16
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -#ifndef VEXTERN -#include <asm/vsyscall.h> -#define VEXTERN (x) \ - extern typeof(x) *vdso_ ## x __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))); -#endif - -#define VMAGIC 0xfeedbabeabcdefabUL - -/* Any kernel variables used in the vDSO must be exported in the main -kernel's vmlinux.lds.S/vsyscall.h/proper __section and -put into vextern.h and be referenced as a pointer with vdso prefix. -The main kernel later fills in the values. */ - -VEXTERN(jiffies) -VEXTERN(vgetcpu_mode) -VEXTERN(vsyscall_gtod_data)
arch/x86/vdso/vgetcpu.c +1 -2
@@ -11,14 +11,13 @@#include <linux/time.h> #include <asm/vsyscall.h> #include <asm/vgtod.h> -#include "vextern.h" notrace long __vdso_getcpu (unsigned *cpu,unsigned *node,struct getcpu_cache *unused) {unsigned int p; -if (*vdso_vgetcpu_mode ==VGETCPU_RDTSCP ) { +if (VVAR (vgetcpu_mode) ==VGETCPU_RDTSCP ) {/* Load per CPU data from RDTSCP */ native_read_tscp (&p); }else {
arch/x86/vdso/vma.c +0 -27
@@ -15,9 +15,6 @@#include <asm/proto.h> #include <asm/vdso.h> -#include "vextern.h" /* Just for VMAGIC. */ -#undef VEXTERN -unsigned int __read_mostly vdso_enabled =1 ;extern char vdso_start[], vdso_end[];
@@ -26,20 +23,10 @@ extern unsigned short vdso_sync_cpuid;static struct page **vdso_pages;static unsigned vdso_size; -static inline void *var_ref (void *p,char *name) -{ -if (*(void **)p != (void *)VMAGIC ) { -printk ("VDSO: variable %s broken\n" , name); - vdso_enabled =0 ; - } -return p; -} -static int __init init_vdso_vars (void ) {int npages = (vdso_end - vdso_start +PAGE_SIZE -1 ) /PAGE_SIZE ;int i; -char *vbase; vdso_size = npages <<PAGE_SHIFT ; vdso_pages =kmalloc (sizeof (struct page *) * npages,GFP_KERNEL );
@@ -54,20 +41,6 @@ static int __init init_vdso_vars(void)copy_page (page_address (p), vdso_start + i*PAGE_SIZE ); } - vbase =vmap (vdso_pages, npages,0 ,PAGE_KERNEL ); -if (!vbase) - goto oom; - -if (memcmp (vbase,"\177ELF" ,4 )) { -printk ("VDSO: I'm broken; not ELF\n" ); - vdso_enabled =0 ; - } - -#define VEXTERN (x) \ - *(typeof(__ ## x) **) var_ref(VDSO64_SYMBOL(vbase, x), #x) = &__ ## x; -#include "vextern.h" -#undef VEXTERN -vunmap (vbase);return 0 ; oom:
arch/x86/vdso/vvar.c deleted +0 -12
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -/* Define pointer to external vDSO variables. -These are part of the vDSO. The kernel fills in the real addresses -at boot time. This is done because when the vdso is linked the -kernel isn't yet and we don't know the final addresses. */ -#include <linux/kernel.h> -#include <linux/time.h> -#include <asm/vsyscall.h> -#include <asm/timex.h> -#include <asm/vgtod.h> - -#define VEXTERN (x) typeof (__ ## x) *const vdso_ ## x = (void *)VMAGIC; -#include "vextern.h"
Signature · 1 line
1.7.5.1
PATCH v5 2/8 x86-64: Remove unnecessary barrier in vread_tsc
In reply to Andy LutomirskiRDTSC is completely unordered on modern Intel and AMD CPUs. The Intel manual says that lfence;rdtsc causes all previous instructions to complete before the tsc is read, and the AMD manual says to use mfence;rdtsc to do the same thing.
Quoted 1 line
From a decent amount of testing [1] this is enough to make rdtsc
be ordered with respect to subsequent loads across a wide variety of CPUs.
On Sandy Bridge (i7-2600), this improves a loop of clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) by more than 5 ns/iter.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/4/18/350
--- arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c | 9 +++++---- 1 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c +5 -4
@@ -769,13 +769,14 @@ static cycle_t __vsyscall_fn vread_tsc(void)cycle_t ret;/* -* Surround the RDTSC by barriers, to make sure it's not -* speculated to outside the seqlock critical section and -* does not cause time warps: +* Empirically, a fence (of type that depends on the CPU) +* before rdtsc is enough to ensure that rdtsc is ordered +* with respect to loads. The various CPU manuals are unclear +* as to whether rdtsc can be reordered with later loads, +* but no one has ever seen it happen. */ rdtsc_barrier (); ret = (cycle_t )vget_cycles (); -rdtsc_barrier ();return ret >=VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).clock.cycle_last ? ret :VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).clock.cycle_last;
Signature · 1 line
1.7.5.1
PATCH v5 3/8 x86-64: Don't generate cmov in vread_tsc
In reply to Andy Lutomirskivread_tsc checks whether rdtsc returns something less than cycle_last, which is an extremely predictable branch. GCC likes to generate a cmov anyway, which is several cycles slower than a predicted branch. This saves a couple of nanoseconds.
--- arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c | 18 ++++++++++++++++-- 1 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c +16 -2
@@ -767,6 +767,7 @@ static cycle_t read_tsc(struct clocksource *cs) static cycle_t __vsyscall_fn vread_tsc(void) {cycle_t ret; +u64 last;/* * Empirically, a fence (of type that depends on the CPU)
@@ -778,8 +779,21 @@ static cycle_t __vsyscall_fn vread_tsc(void)rdtsc_barrier (); ret = (cycle_t )vget_cycles (); -return ret >=VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).clock.cycle_last ? - ret : VVAR(vsyscall_gtod_data).clock.cycle_last; + last =VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).clock.cycle_last; + +if (likely (ret >= last)) +return ret; + +/* +* GCC likes to generate cmov here, but this branch is extremely +* predictable (it's just a funciton of time and the likely is +* very likely) and there's a data dependence, so force GCC +* to generate a branch instead. I don't barrier() because +* we don't actually need a barrier, and if this function +* ever gets inlined it will generate worse code. +*/ + asmvolatile ("" ); + return last; }#endif
Signature · 1 line
1.7.5.1
PATCH v5 4/8 x86-64: vclock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) can't ever see nsec < 0
In reply to Andy Lutomirskivclock_gettime's do_monotonic helper can't ever generate a negative nsec value, so it doesn't need to check whether it's negative. In the CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE case, ns can't ever exceed 2e9-1, so we can avoid the loop entirely. This saves a single easily-predicted branch.
--- arch/x86/vdso/vclock_gettime.c | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
arch/x86/vdso/vclock_gettime.c +22 -18
@@ -55,22 +55,6 @@ notrace static noinline int do_realtime(struct timespec *ts)return 0 ; } -/* Copy of the version in kernel/time.c which we cannot directly access */ -notrace static void -vset_normalized_timespec (struct timespec *ts,long sec,long nsec) -{ -while (nsec >=NSEC_PER_SEC ) { - nsec -=NSEC_PER_SEC ; - ++sec; - } -while (nsec <0 ) { - nsec +=NSEC_PER_SEC ; - --sec; - } - ts->tv_sec = sec; - ts->tv_nsec = nsec; -} - notrace static noinline int do_monotonic(struct timespec *ts) {unsigned long seq, ns, secs;
@@ -81,7 +65,17 @@ notrace static noinline int do_monotonic(struct timespec *ts) secs += gtod->wall_to_monotonic.tv_sec; ns += gtod->wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec; }while (unlikely (read_seqretry (>od->lock, seq))); -vset_normalized_timespec (ts, secs, ns); + +/* wall_time_nsec, vgetns(), and wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec +* are all guaranteed to be nonnegative. +*/ +while (ns >=NSEC_PER_SEC ) { + ns -=NSEC_PER_SEC ; + ++secs; + } + ts->tv_sec = secs; + ts->tv_nsec = ns; +return 0 ; }
@@ -106,7 +100,17 @@ notrace static noinline int do_monotonic_coarse(struct timespec *ts) secs += gtod->wall_to_monotonic.tv_sec; ns += gtod->wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec; }while (unlikely (read_seqretry (>od->lock, seq))); -vset_normalized_timespec (ts, secs, ns); + +/* wall_time_nsec and wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec are +* guaranteed to be between 0 and NSEC_PER_SEC. +*/ +if (ns >=NSEC_PER_SEC ) { + ns -=NSEC_PER_SEC ; + ++secs; + } + ts->tv_sec = secs; + ts->tv_nsec = ns; +return 0 ; }
Signature · 1 line
1.7.5.1
PATCH v5 5/8 x86-64: Move vread_tsc into a new file with sensible options
In reply to Andy Lutomirskivread_tsc is short and hot, and it's userspace code so the usual reasons to enable -pg and turn off sibling calls don't apply.
(OK, turning off sibling calls has no effect. But it might someday...)
As an added benefit, tsc.c is profilable now.
--- arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h | 4 ++++ arch/x86/kernel/Makefile | 8 +++++--- arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c | 34 ---------------------------------- arch/x86/kernel/vread_tsc_64.c | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/vread_tsc_64.c
arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h +4 -0
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ extern int unsynchronized_tsc(void);extern int check_tsc_unstable (void );extern unsigned long native_calibrate_tsc (void ); +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 +extern cycles_t vread_tsc (void ); +#endif +/* * Boot-time check whether the TSCs are synchronized across * all CPUs/cores:
arch/x86/kernel/Makefile +5 -3
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds += -U$(UTS_MACHINE) ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER # Do not profile debug and lowlevel utilities -CFLAGS_REMOVE_tsc.o = -pg CFLAGS_REMOVE_rtc.o = -pg CFLAGS_REMOVE_paravirt-spinlocks.o = -pg CFLAGS_REMOVE_pvclock.o = -pg
@@ -24,13 +23,16 @@ endif nostackp := $(call cc-option, -fno-stack-protector) CFLAGS_vsyscall_64.o := $(PROFILING) -g0 $(nostackp) CFLAGS_hpet.o := $(nostackp) -CFLAGS_tsc.o := $(nostackp) +CFLAGS_vread_tsc_64.o := $(nostackp) CFLAGS_paravirt.o := $(nostackp) GCOV_PROFILE_vsyscall_64.o := n GCOV_PROFILE_hpet.o := n GCOV_PROFILE_tsc.o := n GCOV_PROFILE_paravirt.o := n +# vread_tsc_64 is hot and should be fully optimized: +CFLAGS_REMOVE_vread_tsc_64.o = -pg -fno-optimize-sibling-calls + obj-y := process_$(BITS).o signal.o entry_$(BITS).o obj-y += traps.o irq.o irq_$(BITS).o dumpstack_$(BITS).o obj-y += time.o ioport.o ldt.o dumpstack.o
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) += irq_work.o obj-$(CONFIG_X86_32) += probe_roms_32.o obj-$(CONFIG_X86_32) += sys_i386_32.o i386_ksyms_32.o obj-$(CONFIG_X86_64) += sys_x86_64.o x8664_ksyms_64.o -obj-$(CONFIG_X86_64) += syscall_64.o vsyscall_64.o +obj-$(CONFIG_X86_64) += syscall_64.o vsyscall_64.o vread_tsc_64.o obj-y += bootflag.o e820.o obj-y += pci-dma.o quirks.o topology.o kdebugfs.o obj-y += alternative.o i8253.o pci-nommu.o hw_breakpoint.o
arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c +0 -34
@@ -763,40 +763,6 @@ static cycle_t read_tsc(struct clocksource *cs) ret : clocksource_tsc.cycle_last; } -#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 -static cycle_t __vsyscall_fn vread_tsc(void) -{ -cycle_t ret; -u64 last; - -/* -* Empirically, a fence (of type that depends on the CPU) -* before rdtsc is enough to ensure that rdtsc is ordered -* with respect to loads. The various CPU manuals are unclear -* as to whether rdtsc can be reordered with later loads, -* but no one has ever seen it happen. -*/ -rdtsc_barrier (); - ret = (cycle_t )vget_cycles (); - - last =VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).clock.cycle_last; - -if (likely (ret >= last)) -return ret; - -/* -* GCC likes to generate cmov here, but this branch is extremely -* predictable (it's just a funciton of time and the likely is -* very likely) and there's a data dependence, so force GCC -* to generate a branch instead. I don't barrier() because -* we don't actually need a barrier, and if this function -* ever gets inlined it will generate worse code. -*/ - asmvolatile ("" ); -return last; -} -#endif -static void resume_tsc (struct clocksource *cs) { clocksource_tsc.cycle_last =0 ;
arch/x86/kernel/vread_tsc_64.c new file +36 -0
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +/* This code runs in userspace. */ + +#define DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING +#include <asm/vgtod.h> + +notrace cycle_t __vsyscall_fn vread_tsc(void) +{ +cycle_t ret; +u64 last; + +/* +* Empirically, a fence (of type that depends on the CPU) +* before rdtsc is enough to ensure that rdtsc is ordered +* with respect to loads. The various CPU manuals are unclear +* as to whether rdtsc can be reordered with later loads, +* but no one has ever seen it happen. +*/ +rdtsc_barrier (); + ret = (cycle_t )vget_cycles (); + + last =VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).clock.cycle_last; + +if (likely (ret >= last)) +return ret; + +/* +* GCC likes to generate cmov here, but this branch is extremely +* predictable (it's just a funciton of time and the likely is +* very likely) and there's a data dependence, so force GCC +* to generate a branch instead. I don't barrier() because +* we don't actually need a barrier, and if this function +* ever gets inlined it will generate worse code. +*/ + asmvolatile ("" ); +return last; +}
Signature · 1 line
1.7.5.1
PATCH v5 6/8 x86-64: Turn off -pg and turn on -foptimize-sibling-calls for vDSO
In reply to Andy LutomirskiThe vDSO isn't part of the kernel, so profiling and kernel backtraces don't really matter.
--- arch/x86/vdso/Makefile | 15 ++++++++++++++- 1 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
arch/x86/vdso/Makefile +14 -1
@@ -37,11 +37,24 @@ $(obj)/%.so: OBJCOPYFLAGS := -S $(obj)/%.so: $(obj)/%.so.dbg FORCE $(call if_changed,objcopy) +# +# Don't omit frame pointers for ease of userspace debugging, but do +# optimize sibling calls. +# CFL := $(PROFILING) -mcmodel=small -fPIC -O2 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -m64 \ - $(filter -g%,$(KBUILD_CFLAGS)) $(call cc-option, -fno-stack-protector) + $(filter -g%,$(KBUILD_CFLAGS)) $(call cc-option, -fno-stack-protector) \ + -fno-omit-frame-pointer -foptimize-sibling-calls $(vobjs): KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(CFL) +# +# vDSO code runs in userspace and -pg doesn't help with profiling anyway. +# +CFLAGS_REMOVE_vdso-note.o = -pg +CFLAGS_REMOVE_vclock_gettime.o = -pg +CFLAGS_REMOVE_vgetcpu.o = -pg +CFLAGS_REMOVE_vvar.o = -pg + targets += vdso-syms.lds obj-$(VDSO64-y) += vdso-syms.lds
Signature · 1 line
1.7.5.1
PATCH v5 7/8 x86-64: Add time to vDSO
In reply to Andy LutomirskiThe only fast implementation of time(2) we expose is through the vsyscall page and we want to get userspace to stop using the vsyscall page. So make it available through the vDSO as well.
This is essentially a cut-n-paste job.
--- arch/x86/vdso/vclock_gettime.c | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- arch/x86/vdso/vdso.lds.S | 2 ++ 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
arch/x86/vdso/vclock_gettime.c +34 -1
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@* Copyright 2006 Andi Kleen, SUSE Labs. * Subject to the GNU Public License, v.2 * -* Fast user context implementation of clock_gettime and gettimeofday. +* Fast user context implementation of clock_gettime, gettimeofday, and time. * * The code should have no internal unresolved relocations. * Check with readelf after changing.
@@ -160,3 +160,36 @@ notrace int __vdso_gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, struct timezone *tz) }int gettimeofday (struct timeval *,struct timezone *) __attribute__((weak,alias ("__vdso_gettimeofday" ))); + +/* This will break when the xtime seconds get inaccurate, but that is +* unlikely */ + +static __always_inline long time_syscall (long *t) +{ +long secs; + asmvolatile ("syscall" + :"=a" (secs) + :"0" (__NR_time),"D" (t) :"cc" ,"r11" ,"cx" ,"memory" ); +return secs; +} + +notrace time_t __vdso_time(time_t *t) +{ +unsigned seq; +time_t result; +if (unlikely (!VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).sysctl_enabled)) +return time_syscall (t); + +do { + seq =read_seqbegin (&VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).lock); + + result =VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).wall_time_sec; + + }while (read_seqretry (&VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).lock, seq)); + +if (t) + *t = result; +return result; +} +int time (time_t *t) + __attribute__((weak,alias ("__vdso_time" )));
arch/x86/vdso/vdso.lds.S +2 -0
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ VERSION { __vdso_gettimeofday; getcpu; __vdso_getcpu; + time; + __vdso_time; local: *; }; }
Signature · 1 line
1.7.5.1
PATCH v5 8/8 x86-64: Optimize vDSO time()
In reply to Andy LutomirskiThis function just reads a 64-bit variable that's updated atomically, so we don't need any locks.
--- arch/x86/vdso/vclock_gettime.c | 8 ++------ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
arch/x86/vdso/vclock_gettime.c +2 -6
@@ -180,12 +180,8 @@ notrace time_t __vdso_time(time_t *t)if (unlikely (!VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).sysctl_enabled))return time_syscall (t); -do { - seq =read_seqbegin (&VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).lock); - - result =VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).wall_time_sec; - - }while (read_seqretry (&VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).lock, seq)); +/* This is atomic on x86_64 so we don't need any locks. */ + result =ACCESS_ONCE (VVAR (vsyscall_gtod_data).wall_time_sec);if (t) *t = result;
Signature · 1 line
1.7.5.1
Quoted 2 lines · Andy Lutomirski
[Patch 8/8 is brand-new and optional. If anyone objects to it, please just drop it for 2.6.40 and I'll fix it for 2.6.41.]
Hmm. I would just put it into 7/8 immediately, and never have the stupid read-lock loop in the first place.
Or I would just say "the time() system call just isn't that critical, let's not even bother".
But I'll bow to the x86 people on this. I think the series is ok,
Linus
Quoted 9 lines · Linus Torvalds
Quoted 2 lines · Andy Lutomirski
[Patch 8/8 is brand-new and optional. If anyone objects to it, please just drop it for 2.6.40 and I'll fix it for 2.6.41.]
Hmm. I would just put it into 7/8 immediately, and never have the stupid read-lock loop in the first place.
Or I would just say "the
time()system call just isn't that critical, let's not even bother".
I have no particular preference. The only argument I can make is that the change deletes code and it lets us tell the glibc people "not only can you stop using a silly old interface but you can make your code 0.4ns faster."
--Andy