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xfrm: some fixes for GSO with SW crypto

PATCH Superseded Sabrina Dubroca 4 participants 11 messages Jul 28, 2025 – Jul 30, 2025

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v1 of 2 Superseded Latest is v2 →

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#0 lore raw

cover xfrm: some fixes for GSO with SW crypto

This series fixes a few issues with GSO. Some recent patches made the incorrect assumption that GSO is only used by offload. The first two patches in this series restores the old behavior.

The final patch is in the UDP GSO code, but fixes an issue with IPsec that is currently masked by the lack of GSO for SW crypto. With GSO, VXLAN over IPsec doesn't get checksummed.

Sabrina Dubroca (3):
xfrm: restore GSO for SW crypto
Revert "xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from validate_xmit_xfrm"
udp: also consider secpath when evaluating ipsec use for checksumming

 net/ipv4/udp_offload.c |  2 +-
 net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c | 16 +++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
Signature · 1 line
2.50.0
#1 lore raw

PATCH 1/3 xfrm: restore GSO for SW crypto

Commit 49431af6c4ef incorrectly assumes that the GSO path is only used by HW offload, but it's also useful for SW crypto.

This patch re-enables GSO for SW crypto. It's not an exact revert to preserve the other changes made to xfrm_dev_offload_ok afterwards, but it reverts all of its effects.

Fixes 49431af6c4ef ("xfrm: rely on XFRM offload")
---
 net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c | 9 +++++++--
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c +7 -2
index d2819baea414..1f88472aaac0 100644
@@ -415,10 +415,12 @@ bool xfrm_dev_offload_ok(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x)
 	struct net_device *dev = x->xso.dev;
 	bool check_tunnel_size;
 
-	if (x->xso.type == XFRM_DEV_OFFLOAD_UNSPECIFIED)
+	if (!x->type_offload ||
+	    (x->xso.type == XFRM_DEV_OFFLOAD_UNSPECIFIED && x->encap))
 		return false;
 
-	if ((dev == xfrm_dst_path(dst)->dev) && !xdst->child->xfrm) {
+	if ((!dev || dev == xfrm_dst_path(dst)->dev) &&
+	    !xdst->child->xfrm) {
 		mtu = xfrm_state_mtu(x, xdst->child_mtu_cached);
 		if (skb->len <= mtu)
 			goto ok;
@@ -430,6 +432,9 @@ bool xfrm_dev_offload_ok(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x)
 	return false;
 
 ok:
+	if (!dev)
+		return true;
+
 	check_tunnel_size = x->xso.type == XFRM_DEV_OFFLOAD_PACKET &&
 			    x->props.mode == XFRM_MODE_TUNNEL;
 	switch (x->props.family) {
Signature · 1 line
2.50.0
Reviewed-by on v1 1/3
#2 lore raw

Re: [PATCH ipsec 1/3] xfrm: restore GSO for SW crypto

Quoted 7 lines · Sabrina Dubroca

Commit 49431af6c4ef incorrectly assumes that the GSO path is only used by HW offload, but it's also useful for SW crypto.

This patch re-enables GSO for SW crypto. It's not an exact revert to preserve the other changes made to xfrm_dev_offload_ok afterwards, but it reverts all of its effects.

Quoted 6 lines
Fixes 49431af6c4ef ("xfrm: rely on XFRM offload")
---
 net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c | 9 +++++++--
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

Thanks,

Reviewed-by on v1 1/3
#3 lore raw

Re: [PATCH ipsec 1/3] xfrm: restore GSO for SW crypto

In reply to Sabrina Dubroca
Quoted 9 lines · Sabrina Dubroca

Commit 49431af6c4ef incorrectly assumes that the GSO path is only used by HW offload, but it's also useful for SW crypto.

This patch re-enables GSO for SW crypto. It's not an exact revert to preserve the other changes made to xfrm_dev_offload_ok afterwards, but it reverts all of its effects.

Fixes 49431af6c4ef ("xfrm: rely on XFRM offload")

Thanks a lot.

Zhu Yanjun

Quoted 33 lines
---
  net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c | 9 +++++++--
  1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c +7 -2
index d2819baea414..1f88472aaac0 100644
@@ -415,10 +415,12 @@ bool xfrm_dev_offload_ok(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x)
  	struct net_device *dev = x->xso.dev;
  	bool check_tunnel_size;
 
-	if (x->xso.type == XFRM_DEV_OFFLOAD_UNSPECIFIED)
+	if (!x->type_offload ||
+	    (x->xso.type == XFRM_DEV_OFFLOAD_UNSPECIFIED && x->encap))
  		return false;
 
-	if ((dev == xfrm_dst_path(dst)->dev) && !xdst->child->xfrm) {
+	if ((!dev || dev == xfrm_dst_path(dst)->dev) &&
+	    !xdst->child->xfrm) {
  		mtu = xfrm_state_mtu(x, xdst->child_mtu_cached);
  		if (skb->len <= mtu)
  			goto ok;
@@ -430,6 +432,9 @@ bool xfrm_dev_offload_ok(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x)
  	return false;
 
  ok:
+	if (!dev)
+		return true;
+
  	check_tunnel_size = x->xso.type == XFRM_DEV_OFFLOAD_PACKET &&
  			    x->props.mode == XFRM_MODE_TUNNEL;
  	switch (x->props.family) {
Signature · 2 lines
Best Regards,
Yanjun.Zhu
#4 lore raw

PATCH 2/3 Revert "xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from validate_xmit_xfrm"

In reply to Sabrina Dubroca

This reverts commit d53dda291bbd993a29b84d358d282076e3d01506.

This change causes traffic using GSO with SW crypto running through a NIC capable of HW offload to no longer get segmented during validate_xmit_xfrm.

Fixes d53dda291bbd ("xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from validate_xmit_xfrm")
---
 net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c +6 -1
index 1f88472aaac0..14d39ba9a362 100644
@@ -145,6 +145,10 @@ struct sk_buff *validate_xmit_xfrm(struct sk_buff *skb, netdev_features_t featur
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
+	/* This skb was already validated on the upper/virtual dev */
+	if ((x->xso.dev != dev) && (x->xso.real_dev == dev))
+		return skb;
+
 	local_irq_save(flags);
 	sd = this_cpu_ptr(&softnet_data);
 	err = !skb_queue_empty(&sd->xfrm_backlog);
@@ -155,7 +159,8 @@ struct sk_buff *validate_xmit_xfrm(struct sk_buff *skb, netdev_features_t featur
 		return skb;
 	}
 
-	if (skb_is_gso(skb) && unlikely(xmit_xfrm_check_overflow(skb))) {
+	if (skb_is_gso(skb) && (unlikely(x->xso.dev != dev) ||
+				unlikely(xmit_xfrm_check_overflow(skb)))) {
 		struct sk_buff *segs;
 
 		/* Packet got rerouted, fixup features and segment it. */
Signature · 1 line
2.50.0
Reviewed-by on v1 2/3
#5 lore raw

Re: [PATCH ipsec 2/3] Revert "xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from validate_xmit_xfrm"

Quoted 6 lines · Sabrina Dubroca

This reverts commit d53dda291bbd993a29b84d358d282076e3d01506.

This change causes traffic using GSO with SW crypto running through a NIC capable of HW offload to no longer get segmented during validate_xmit_xfrm.

Quoted 6 lines
Fixes d53dda291bbd ("xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from validate_xmit_xfrm")
---
 net/xfrm/xfrm_device.c | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

Thanks,

#6 lore raw

Re: [PATCH ipsec 2/3] Revert "xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from validate_xmit_xfrm"

In reply to Sabrina Dubroca
Quoted 9 lines · Sabrina Dubroca

This reverts commit d53dda291bbd993a29b84d358d282076e3d01506.

This change causes traffic using GSO with SW crypto running through a NIC capable of HW offload to no longer get segmented during validate_xmit_xfrm.

Fixes d53dda291bbd ("xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from

validate_xmit_xfrm")

Thanks for the fix, but I'm curious about details.

In that commit, I tried to map all of the possible code paths. Can you please explain what code paths I missed that need real_dev given that only bonding should use it now?

Thanks,
Cosmin.

#7 lore raw

Re: [PATCH ipsec 2/3] Revert "xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from validate_xmit_xfrm"

Quoted 11 lines · Cosmin Ratiu
Quoted 9 lines · Sabrina Dubroca

This reverts commit d53dda291bbd993a29b84d358d282076e3d01506.

This change causes traffic using GSO with SW crypto running through a NIC capable of HW offload to no longer get segmented during validate_xmit_xfrm.

Fixes d53dda291bbd ("xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from

validate_xmit_xfrm")

Quoted 5 lines

Thanks for the fix, but I'm curious about details.

In that commit, I tried to map all of the possible code paths. Can you please explain what code paths I missed that need real_dev given that only bonding should use it now?

After running some more tests, it's not about real_dev, it's the other check ("unlikely(x->xso.dev != dev)" below) that you also removed in that patch that causes the issue in my setup. I don't know how you decided that it should be dropped, since it predates bonding's ipsec offload.
The codepath is the usual:
__dev_queue_xmit -> validate_xmit_skb -> validate_xmit_xfrm

Since the commit message made the incorrect claim "ESP offload off:
validate_xmit_xfrm returns early on !xo." I didn't check if a partial revert was enough to fix the issue. My bad.

Signature · 1 line
Sabrina
#8 lore raw

Re: [PATCH ipsec 2/3] Revert "xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from validate_xmit_xfrm"

Quoted 21 lines · Sabrina Dubroca
Quoted 12 lines · Cosmin Ratiu
Quoted 10 lines · Sabrina Dubroca

This reverts commit d53dda291bbd993a29b84d358d282076e3d01506.

This change causes traffic using GSO with SW crypto running through a
NIC capable of HW offload to no longer get segmented during validate_xmit_xfrm.

Fixes d53dda291bbd ("xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from

validate_xmit_xfrm")

Quoted 7 lines

Thanks for the fix, but I'm curious about details.

In that commit, I tried to map all of the possible code paths. Can you
please explain what code paths I missed that need real_dev given that
only bonding should use it now?

Quoted 6 lines

After running some more tests, it's not about real_dev, it's the other
check ("unlikely(x->xso.dev != dev)" below) that you also removed in that patch that causes the issue in my setup. I don't know how you decided that it should be dropped, since it predates bonding's ipsec offload.

Apologies for that, I think I assumed that if offload is off, then xfrm_offload(skb) is NULL and the code bails out early on "if (!xo)". Seems I was wrong. On the TX side, the only place that adds a secpath and increments sp->olen (and thus add an xfrm_offload) is in xfrm_output, after the xfrm_dev_offload_ok check.

Quoted 7 lines

The codepath is the usual:
__dev_queue_xmit -> validate_xmit_skb -> validate_xmit_xfrm

Since the commit message made the incorrect claim "ESP offload off:
validate_xmit_xfrm returns early on !xo." I didn't check if a partial revert was enough to fix the issue. My bad.

No problem, good that we caught the actual issue. Will you prepare a follow-up patch then?

Cosmin.

#9 lore raw

Re: [PATCH ipsec 2/3] Revert "xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from validate_xmit_xfrm"

Quoted 29 lines · Cosmin Ratiu
Quoted 21 lines · Sabrina Dubroca
Quoted 12 lines · Cosmin Ratiu
Quoted 10 lines · Sabrina Dubroca

This reverts commit d53dda291bbd993a29b84d358d282076e3d01506.

This change causes traffic using GSO with SW crypto running through a
NIC capable of HW offload to no longer get segmented during validate_xmit_xfrm.

Fixes d53dda291bbd ("xfrm: Remove unneeded device check from

validate_xmit_xfrm")

Quoted 7 lines

Thanks for the fix, but I'm curious about details.

In that commit, I tried to map all of the possible code paths. Can you
please explain what code paths I missed that need real_dev given that
only bonding should use it now?

Quoted 6 lines

After running some more tests, it's not about real_dev, it's the other
check ("unlikely(x->xso.dev != dev)" below) that you also removed in that patch that causes the issue in my setup. I don't know how you decided that it should be dropped, since it predates bonding's ipsec offload.

Quoted 5 lines

Apologies for that, I think I assumed that if offload is off, then xfrm_offload(skb) is NULL and the code bails out early on "if (!xo)". Seems I was wrong. On the TX side, the only place that adds a secpath and increments sp->olen (and thus add an xfrm_offload) is in xfrm_output, after the xfrm_dev_offload_ok check.

Yes, the "offload" code is used for both HW offload and "SW offloads" (aka GSO/GRO).

Quoted 9 lines
Quoted 7 lines

The codepath is the usual:
__dev_queue_xmit -> validate_xmit_skb -> validate_xmit_xfrm

Since the commit message made the incorrect claim "ESP offload off:
validate_xmit_xfrm returns early on !xo." I didn't check if a partial revert was enough to fix the issue. My bad.

No problem, good that we caught the actual issue. Will you prepare a follow-up patch then?

I'll send a v2 of this series with this patch updated. Thanks.

Signature · 1 line
Sabrina
#10 lore raw

PATCH 3/3 udp: also consider secpath when evaluating ipsec use for checksumming

In reply to Sabrina Dubroca

Commit b40c5f4fde22 ("udp: disable inner UDP checksum offloads in IPsec case") tried to fix checksumming in UFO when the packets are going through IPsec, so that we can't rely on offloads because the UDP header and payload will be encrypted.

But when doing a TCP test over VXLAN going through IPsec transport mode with GSO enabled (esp4_offload module loaded), I'm seeing broken UDP checksums on the encap after successful decryption.

The skbs get to udp4_ufo_fragment/__skb_udp_tunnel_segment via __dev_queue_xmit -> validate_xmit_skb -> skb_gso_segment and at this point we've already dropped the dst (unless the device sets IFF_XMIT_DST_RELEASE, which is not common), so need_ipsec is false and we proceed with checksum offload.

Make need_ipsec also check the secpath, which is not dropped on this callpath.

Fixes b40c5f4fde22 ("udp: disable inner UDP checksum offloads in IPsec case")

---
Since the issue is related to IPsec and currently not visible since GSO is currently broken for SW crypto, I'm including this patch in the same series for the ipsec tree. I can split it out if that's prefered, just let me know.

 net/ipv4/udp_offload.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
net/ipv4/udp_offload.c +1 -1
index 85b5aa82d7d7..8758701c67d0 100644
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ static struct sk_buff *__skb_udp_tunnel_segment(struct sk_buff *skb,
 	remcsum = !!(skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type & SKB_GSO_TUNNEL_REMCSUM);
 	skb->remcsum_offload = remcsum;
 
-	need_ipsec = skb_dst(skb) && dst_xfrm(skb_dst(skb));
+	need_ipsec = (skb_dst(skb) && dst_xfrm(skb_dst(skb))) || skb_sec_path(skb);
 	/* Try to offload checksum if possible */
 	offload_csum = !!(need_csum &&
 			  !need_ipsec &&
Signature · 1 line
2.50.0