mac80211: use hardware flags for signal/noise units

trying to clean up the signal/noise mess. the previous code in mac80211 did not have much definition of what units of signal and noise were provided and used weird implicit mechanisms from the wireless extensions.

introduce hardware capability flags to let the hardware specify if it can provide signal and noise level values and which units it can provide:

IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC - unspecified, unknown, hw specific
IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB - dB difference to unspecified reference point
IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DBM - dBm, difference to 1mW

IEEE80211_HW_NOISE_DBM - dBm, difference to 1mW

also clean up the misleading and confusing names which were used for signal, noise and qual before.

i tried my best to find out for each driver what it can provide and update it but i'm not sure (?) for many of them and used the more conservative guess in doubt. could driver authors please check and fix that up later or tell me the correct units?

DRIVER SIGNAL NOISE QUAL
-----------------------------------------------------------------

adm8211         unspec?  n/a     missing
at76_usb        unspec?  unused  missing
ath5k           dBm      dBm     percent rssi
b43legacy       dBm      dBm     percent jssi(?)
b43             dBm      dBm     percent jssi(?)
iwl-3945        dBm      dBm     percent snr+more
iwl-4965        dBm      dBm     percent snr+more
p54             unspec   n/a     missing
rt2x00          dB(?)    n/a     percent rssi+tx/rx frame success
  rt2400        dB(?)    n/a
  rt2500pci     dB(?)    n/a
  rt2500usb     dB(?)    n/a
  rt61pci       dB(?)    n/a
  rt73usb       dB(?)    n/a
rtl8180         unspec?  n/a     ?
rtl8187         unspec?  ?       noise?
zd1211          dB?      n/a     percent

---

 drivers/net/wireless/adm8211.c              |    6 ++--
 drivers/net/wireless/at76_usb.c             |    5 ++-
 drivers/net/wireless/ath5k/base.c           |   23 +++-----------
 drivers/net/wireless/b43/main.c             |    8 ++---
 drivers/net/wireless/b43/xmit.c             |    5 +--
 drivers/net/wireless/b43legacy/main.c       |    7 ++--
 drivers/net/wireless/b43legacy/xmit.c       |    4 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwl-3945.c     |   18 +++++------
 drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwl-4965.c     |   12 ++++---
 drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwl-core.c     |   16 ++-------
 drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwl3945-base.c |   15 ++-------
 drivers/net/wireless/p54common.c            |    6 ++--
 drivers/net/wireless/rt2x00/rt2400pci.c     |    5 +--
 drivers/net/wireless/rt2x00/rt2500pci.c     |    6 ++--
 drivers/net/wireless/rt2x00/rt2500usb.c     |    6 ++--
 drivers/net/wireless/rt2x00/rt2x00dev.c     |    4 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/rt2x00/rt61pci.c       |    5 +--
 drivers/net/wireless/rt2x00/rt73usb.c       |    5 +--
 drivers/net/wireless/rtl8180_dev.c          |    8 ++---
 drivers/net/wireless/rtl8187_dev.c          |    9 ++---
 drivers/net/wireless/zd1211rw/zd_mac.c      |   11 +++---
 include/net/mac80211.h                      |   46 ++++++++++++++++++---------
 net/ieee80211/ieee80211_rx.c                |    2 +
 net/mac80211/debugfs_sta.c                  |    2 +
 net/mac80211/ieee80211.c                    |   10 +++---
 net/mac80211/ieee80211_i.h                  |    2 +
 net/mac80211/ieee80211_ioctl.c              |   20 ++++++++----
 net/mac80211/ieee80211_sta.c                |   12 ++++---
 net/mac80211/rx.c                           |    4 +-
 net/mac80211/sta_info.h                     |    2 +
 30 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 147 deletions(-)

index 2e257ee..f90953e 100644
@@ -446,9 +446,9 @@ static void adm8211_interrupt_rci(struct ieee80211_hw *dev)
 			struct ieee80211_rx_status rx_status = {0};
 
 			if (priv->pdev->revision < ADM8211_REV_CA)
-				rx_status.ssi = rssi;
+				rx_status.signal = rssi;
 			else
-				rx_status.ssi = 100 - rssi;
+				rx_status.signal = 100 - rssi;
 
 			rx_status.rate_idx = rate;
 

@@ -1901,9 +1901,9 @@ static int __devinit adm8211_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev,
 
 	dev->extra_tx_headroom = sizeof(struct adm8211_tx_hdr);
 	/* dev->flags = IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS in promisc mode */
+	dev->flags = IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC;
 
 	dev->channel_change_time = 1000;
-	dev->max_rssi = 100;	/* FIXME: find better value */
 
 	dev->queues = 1; /* ADM8211C supports more, maybe ADM8211B too */
 

index 33fa026..009f8a7 100644
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ static void at76_rx_tasklet(unsigned long param)
 	at76_dbg_dump(DBG_RX_DATA, priv->rx_skb->data,
 		      priv->rx_skb->len, "RX: len=%d", priv->rx_skb->len);
 
-	rx_status.ssi = buf->rssi;
+	rx_status.signal = buf->rssi;
 	rx_status.flag |= RX_FLAG_DECRYPTED;
 	rx_status.flag |= RX_FLAG_IV_STRIPPED;
 

@@ -2273,7 +2273,8 @@ static int at76_init_new_device(struct at76_priv *priv,
 
 	/* mac80211 initialisation */
 	priv->hw->wiphy->bands[IEEE80211_BAND_2GHZ] = &at76_supported_band;
-	priv->hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS;
+	priv->hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS |
+			  IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC;
 
 	SET_IEEE80211_DEV(priv->hw, &interface->dev);
 	SET_IEEE80211_PERM_ADDR(priv->hw, priv->mac_addr);

index b5c0a0d..538c815 100644
@@ -461,13 +461,11 @@ ath5k_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev,
 
 	/* Initialize driver private data */
 	SET_IEEE80211_DEV(hw, &pdev->dev);
-	hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS;
+	hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DBM |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_NOISE_DBM;
 	hw->extra_tx_headroom = 2;
 	hw->channel_change_time = 5000;
-	/* these names are misleading */
-	hw->max_rssi = -110; /* signal in dBm */
-	hw->max_noise = -110; /* noise in dBm */
-	hw->max_signal = 100; /* we will provide a percentage based on rssi */
 	sc = hw->priv;
 	sc->hw = hw;
 	sc->pdev = pdev;

@@ -1893,20 +1891,9 @@ accept:
 		rxs.freq = sc->curchan->center_freq;
 		rxs.band = sc->curband->band;
 
-		/*
-		 * signal quality:
-		 * the names here are misleading and the usage of these
-		 * values by iwconfig makes it even worse
-		 */
-		/* noise floor in dBm, from the last noise calibration */
 		rxs.noise = sc->ah->ah_noise_floor;
-		/* signal level in dBm */
-		rxs.ssi = rxs.noise + rs.rs_rssi;
-		/*
-		 * "signal" is actually displayed as Link Quality by iwconfig
-		 * we provide a percentage based on rssi (assuming max rssi 64)
-		 */
-		rxs.signal = rs.rs_rssi * 100 / 64;
+		rxs.signal = rxs.noise + rs.rs_rssi;
+		rxs.qual = rs.rs_rssi * 100 / 64;
 
 		rxs.antenna = rs.rs_antenna;
 		rxs.rate_idx = ath5k_hw_to_driver_rix(sc, rs.rs_rate);

index a4e6a59..e86cd57 100644
@@ -4301,10 +4301,10 @@ static int b43_wireless_init(struct ssb_device *dev)
 
 	/* fill hw info */
 	hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE |
-		    IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS;
-	hw->max_signal = 100;
-	hw->max_rssi = -110;
-	hw->max_noise = -110;
+		    IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DBM |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_NOISE_DBM;
+
 	hw->queues = b43_modparam_qos ? 4 : 1;
 	SET_IEEE80211_DEV(hw, dev->dev);
 	if (is_valid_ether_addr(sprom->et1mac))

index ec10a8e..1c8f8e1 100644
@@ -574,13 +574,12 @@ void b43_rx(struct b43_wldev *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, const void *_rxhdr)
 		}
 	}
 
-	status.ssi = b43_rssi_postprocess(dev, jssi,
+	status.signal = b43_rssi_postprocess(dev, jssi,
 					  (phystat0 & B43_RX_PHYST0_OFDM),
 					  (phystat0 & B43_RX_PHYST0_GAINCTL),
 					  (phystat3 & B43_RX_PHYST3_TRSTATE));
 	status.noise = dev->stats.link_noise;
-	/* the next line looks wrong, but is what mac80211 wants */
-	status.signal = (jssi * 100) / B43_RX_MAX_SSI;
+	status.qual = (jssi * 100) / B43_RX_MAX_SSI;
 	if (phystat0 & B43_RX_PHYST0_OFDM)
 		status.rate_idx = b43_plcp_get_bitrate_idx_ofdm(plcp,
 						phytype == B43_PHYTYPE_A);

index f518e79..5f95ef2 100644
@@ -3689,10 +3689,9 @@ static int b43legacy_wireless_init(struct ssb_device *dev)
 
 	/* fill hw info */
 	hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE |
-		    IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS;
-	hw->max_signal = 100;
-	hw->max_rssi = -110;
-	hw->max_noise = -110;
+		    IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DBM |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_NOISE_DBM;
 	hw->queues = 1; /* FIXME: hardware has more queues */
 	SET_IEEE80211_DEV(hw, dev->dev);
 	if (is_valid_ether_addr(sprom->et1mac))

index dcad249..906a087 100644
@@ -532,12 +532,12 @@ void b43legacy_rx(struct b43legacy_wldev *dev,
 		}
 	}
 
-	status.ssi = b43legacy_rssi_postprocess(dev, jssi,
+	status.signal = b43legacy_rssi_postprocess(dev, jssi,
 				      (phystat0 & B43legacy_RX_PHYST0_OFDM),
 				      (phystat0 & B43legacy_RX_PHYST0_GAINCTL),
 				      (phystat3 & B43legacy_RX_PHYST3_TRSTATE));
 	status.noise = dev->stats.link_noise;
-	status.signal = (jssi * 100) / B43legacy_RX_MAX_SSI;
+	status.qual = (jssi * 100) / B43legacy_RX_MAX_SSI;
 	/* change to support A PHY */
 	if (phystat0 & B43legacy_RX_PHYST0_OFDM)
 		status.rate_idx = b43legacy_plcp_get_bitrate_idx_ofdm(plcp, false);

index e116ed7..9b270fc 100644
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ static void iwl3945_add_radiotap(struct iwl3945_priv *priv,
 {
 	/* First cache any information we need before we overwrite
 	 * the information provided in the skb from the hardware */
-	s8 signal = stats->ssi;
+	s8 signal = stats->signal;
 	s8 noise = 0;
 	int rate = stats->rate_idx;
 	u64 tsf = stats->mactime;

@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ static void iwl3945_rx_reply_rx(struct iwl3945_priv *priv,
 	}
 
 	/* Convert 3945's rssi indicator to dBm */
-	rx_status.ssi = rx_stats->rssi - IWL_RSSI_OFFSET;
+	rx_status.signal = rx_stats->rssi - IWL_RSSI_OFFSET;
 
 	/* Set default noise value to -127 */
 	if (priv->last_rx_noise == 0)

@@ -710,21 +710,21 @@ static void iwl3945_rx_reply_rx(struct iwl3945_priv *priv,
 	 * Calculate rx_status.signal (quality indicator in %) based on SNR. */
 	if (rx_stats_noise_diff) {
 		snr = rx_stats_sig_avg / rx_stats_noise_diff;
-		rx_status.noise = rx_status.ssi -
+		rx_status.noise = rx_status.signal -
 					iwl3945_calc_db_from_ratio(snr);
-		rx_status.signal = iwl3945_calc_sig_qual(rx_status.ssi,
+		rx_status.qual = iwl3945_calc_sig_qual(rx_status.signal,
 							 rx_status.noise);
 
 	/* If noise info not available, calculate signal quality indicator (%)
 	 *   using just the dBm signal level. */
 	} else {
 		rx_status.noise = priv->last_rx_noise;
-		rx_status.signal = iwl3945_calc_sig_qual(rx_status.ssi, 0);
+		rx_status.qual = iwl3945_calc_sig_qual(rx_status.signal, 0);
 	}
 
 
 	IWL_DEBUG_STATS("Rssi %d noise %d qual %d sig_avg %d noise_diff %d\n",
-			rx_status.ssi, rx_status.noise, rx_status.signal,
+			rx_status.signal, rx_status.noise, rx_status.qual,
 			rx_stats_sig_avg, rx_stats_noise_diff);
 
 	header = (struct ieee80211_hdr *)IWL_RX_DATA(pkt);

@@ -734,8 +734,8 @@ static void iwl3945_rx_reply_rx(struct iwl3945_priv *priv,
 	IWL_DEBUG_STATS_LIMIT("[%c] %d RSSI:%d Signal:%u, Noise:%u, Rate:%u\n",
 			      network_packet ? '*' : ' ',
 			      le16_to_cpu(rx_hdr->channel),
-			      rx_status.ssi, rx_status.ssi,
-			      rx_status.ssi, rx_status.rate_idx);
+			      rx_status.signal, rx_status.signal,
+			      rx_status.noise, rx_status.rate_idx);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_IWL3945_DEBUG
 	if (iwl3945_debug_level & (IWL_DL_RX))

@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ static void iwl3945_rx_reply_rx(struct iwl3945_priv *priv,
 	if (network_packet) {
 		priv->last_beacon_time = le32_to_cpu(rx_end->beacon_timestamp);
 		priv->last_tsf = le64_to_cpu(rx_end->timestamp);
-		priv->last_rx_rssi = rx_status.ssi;
+		priv->last_rx_rssi = rx_status.signal;
 		priv->last_rx_noise = rx_status.noise;
 	}
 

index 1db873b..91daad5 100644
@@ -3294,7 +3294,7 @@ static void iwl4965_add_radiotap(struct iwl_priv *priv,
 				 struct ieee80211_rx_status *stats,
 				 u32 ampdu_status)
 {
-	s8 signal = stats->ssi;
+	s8 signal = stats->signal;
 	s8 noise = 0;
 	int rate = stats->rate_idx;
 	u64 tsf = stats->mactime;

@@ -3951,7 +3951,7 @@ static void iwl4965_rx_reply_rx(struct iwl_priv *priv,
 	priv->ucode_beacon_time = le32_to_cpu(rx_start->beacon_time_stamp);
 
 	/* Find max signal strength (dBm) among 3 antenna/receiver chains */
-	rx_status.ssi = iwl4965_calc_rssi(rx_start);
+	rx_status.signal = iwl4965_calc_rssi(rx_start);
 
 	/* Meaningful noise values are available only from beacon statistics,
 	 *   which are gathered only when associated, and indicate noise

@@ -3960,11 +3960,11 @@ static void iwl4965_rx_reply_rx(struct iwl_priv *priv,
 	if (iwl4965_is_associated(priv) &&
 	    !test_bit(STATUS_SCANNING, &priv->status)) {
 		rx_status.noise = priv->last_rx_noise;
-		rx_status.signal = iwl4965_calc_sig_qual(rx_status.ssi,
+		rx_status.qual = iwl4965_calc_sig_qual(rx_status.signal,
 							 rx_status.noise);
 	} else {
 		rx_status.noise = IWL_NOISE_MEAS_NOT_AVAILABLE;
-		rx_status.signal = iwl4965_calc_sig_qual(rx_status.ssi, 0);
+		rx_status.qual = iwl4965_calc_sig_qual(rx_status.signal, 0);
 	}
 
 	/* Reset beacon noise level if not associated. */

@@ -3976,12 +3976,12 @@ static void iwl4965_rx_reply_rx(struct iwl_priv *priv,
 	iwl4965_dbg_report_frame(priv, pkt, header, 1);
 
 	IWL_DEBUG_STATS_LIMIT("Rssi %d, noise %d, qual %d, TSF %llu\n",
-			      rx_status.ssi, rx_status.noise, rx_status.signal,
+			      rx_status.signal, rx_status.noise, rx_status.qual,
 			      rx_status.mactime);
 
 	network_packet = iwl4965_is_network_packet(priv, header);
 	if (network_packet) {
-		priv->last_rx_rssi = rx_status.ssi;
+		priv->last_rx_rssi = rx_status.signal;
 		priv->last_beacon_time =  priv->ucode_beacon_time;
 		priv->last_tsf = le64_to_cpu(rx_start->timestamp);
 	}

index da51349..f050a22 100644
@@ -220,18 +220,10 @@ static void iwlcore_init_hw(struct iwl_priv *priv)
 	struct ieee80211_hw *hw = priv->hw;
 	hw->rate_control_algorithm = "iwl-4965-rs";
 
-	/* Tell mac80211 and its clients (e.g. Wireless Extensions)
-	 *	 the range of signal quality values that we'll provide.
-	 * Negative values for level/noise indicate that we'll provide dBm.
-	 * For WE, at least, non-0 values here *enable* display of values
-	 *	 in app (iwconfig). */
-	hw->max_rssi = -20; /* signal level, negative indicates dBm */
-	hw->max_noise = -20;	/* noise level, negative indicates dBm */
-	hw->max_signal = 100;	/* link quality indication (%) */
-
-	/* Tell mac80211 our Tx characteristics */
-	hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE;
-
+	/* Tell mac80211 our characteristics */
+	hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DBM |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_NOISE_DBM;
 	/* Default value; 4 EDCA QOS priorities */
 	hw->queues = 4;
 #ifdef CONFIG_IWL4965_HT

index 5bc5f6f..eb266c4 100644
@@ -7973,17 +7973,10 @@ static int iwl3945_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *e
 
 	priv->ibss_beacon = NULL;
 
-	/* Tell mac80211 and its clients (e.g. Wireless Extensions)
-	 *   the range of signal quality values that we'll provide.
-	 * Negative values for level/noise indicate that we'll provide dBm.
-	 * For WE, at least, non-0 values here *enable* display of values
-	 *   in app (iwconfig). */
-	hw->max_rssi = -20;	/* signal level, negative indicates dBm */
-	hw->max_noise = -20;	/* noise level, negative indicates dBm */
-	hw->max_signal = 100;	/* link quality indication (%) */
-
-	/* Tell mac80211 our Tx characteristics */
-	hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE;
+	/* Tell mac80211 our characteristics */
+	hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DBM |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_NOISE_DBM;
 
 	/* 4 EDCA QOS priorities */
 	hw->queues = 4;

index 63f9bad..d6322be 100644
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ static void p54_rx_data(struct ieee80211_hw *dev, struct sk_buff *skb)
 	struct ieee80211_rx_status rx_status = {0};
 	u16 freq = le16_to_cpu(hdr->freq);
 
-	rx_status.ssi = hdr->rssi;
+	rx_status.signal = hdr->rssi;
 	/* XX correct? */
 	rx_status.rate_idx = hdr->rate & 0xf;
 	rx_status.freq = freq;

@@ -1004,9 +1004,9 @@ struct ieee80211_hw *p54_init_common(size_t priv_data_len)
 	skb_queue_head_init(&priv->tx_queue);
 	dev->wiphy->bands[IEEE80211_BAND_2GHZ] = &band_2GHz;
 	dev->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING | /* not sure */
-		    IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS;
+		     IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS |
+		     IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC;
 	dev->channel_change_time = 1000;	/* TODO: find actual value */
-	dev->max_rssi = 127;
 
 	priv->tx_stats.data[0].limit = 5;
 	dev->queues = 1;

index a6e9c89..c8a0fa7 100644
@@ -1353,10 +1353,9 @@ static void rt2400pci_probe_hw_mode(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev)
 	/*
 	 * Initialize all hw fields.
 	 */
-	rt2x00dev->hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING;
+	rt2x00dev->hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING |
+			       IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB;
 	rt2x00dev->hw->extra_tx_headroom = 0;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_signal = MAX_SIGNAL;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_rssi = MAX_RX_SSI;
 	rt2x00dev->hw->queues = 2;
 
 	SET_IEEE80211_DEV(rt2x00dev->hw, &rt2x00dev_pci(rt2x00dev)->dev);

index 1bdb873..db2a6e2 100644
@@ -1673,10 +1673,10 @@ static void rt2500pci_probe_hw_mode(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev)
 	/*
 	 * Initialize all hw fields.
 	 */
-	rt2x00dev->hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING;
+	rt2x00dev->hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING |
+			       IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB;
+
 	rt2x00dev->hw->extra_tx_headroom = 0;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_signal = MAX_SIGNAL;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_rssi = MAX_RX_SSI;
 	rt2x00dev->hw->queues = 2;
 
 	SET_IEEE80211_DEV(rt2x00dev->hw, &rt2x00dev_pci(rt2x00dev)->dev);

index f5c18f0..aa4c4fe 100644
@@ -1590,10 +1590,10 @@ static void rt2500usb_probe_hw_mode(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev)
 	rt2x00dev->hw->flags =
 	    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE |
 	    IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS |
-	    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING;
+	    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING |
+	    IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB;
+
 	rt2x00dev->hw->extra_tx_headroom = TXD_DESC_SIZE;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_signal = MAX_SIGNAL;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_rssi = MAX_RX_SSI;
 	rt2x00dev->hw->queues = 2;
 
 	SET_IEEE80211_DEV(rt2x00dev->hw, &rt2x00dev_usb(rt2x00dev)->dev);

index d2c0967..2acb224 100644
@@ -607,9 +607,9 @@ void rt2x00lib_rxdone(struct queue_entry *entry,
 	rt2x00dev->link.qual.rx_success++;
 
 	rx_status->rate_idx = idx;
-	rx_status->signal =
+	rx_status->qual =
 	    rt2x00lib_calculate_link_signal(rt2x00dev, rxdesc->rssi);
-	rx_status->ssi = rxdesc->rssi;
+	rx_status->signal = rxdesc->rssi;
 	rx_status->flag = rxdesc->flags;
 	rx_status->antenna = rt2x00dev->link.ant.active.rx;
 

index 0d2e6f7..af0196c 100644
@@ -2229,10 +2229,9 @@ static void rt61pci_probe_hw_mode(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev)
 	 */
 	rt2x00dev->hw->flags =
 	    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE |
-	    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING;
+	    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING |
+	    IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB;
 	rt2x00dev->hw->extra_tx_headroom = 0;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_signal = MAX_SIGNAL;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_rssi = MAX_RX_SSI;
 	rt2x00dev->hw->queues = 4;
 
 	SET_IEEE80211_DEV(rt2x00dev->hw, &rt2x00dev_pci(rt2x00dev)->dev);

index b3c8462..44e071f 100644
@@ -1817,10 +1817,9 @@ static void rt73usb_probe_hw_mode(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev)
 	 */
 	rt2x00dev->hw->flags =
 	    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE |
-	    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING;
+	    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING |
+	    IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB;
 	rt2x00dev->hw->extra_tx_headroom = TXD_DESC_SIZE;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_signal = MAX_SIGNAL;
-	rt2x00dev->hw->max_rssi = MAX_RX_SSI;
 	rt2x00dev->hw->queues = 4;
 
 	SET_IEEE80211_DEV(rt2x00dev->hw, &rt2x00dev_usb(rt2x00dev)->dev);

index b1b3a47..6839c4f 100644
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ static void rtl8180_handle_rx(struct ieee80211_hw *dev)
 
 			rx_status.antenna = (flags2 >> 15) & 1;
 			/* TODO: improve signal/rssi reporting */
-			rx_status.signal = flags2 & 0xFF;
-			rx_status.ssi = (flags2 >> 8) & 0x7F;
+			rx_status.qual = flags2 & 0xFF;
+			rx_status.signal = (flags2 >> 8) & 0x7F;
 			/* XXX: is this correct? */
 			rx_status.rate_idx = (flags >> 20) & 0xF;
 			rx_status.freq = dev->conf.channel->center_freq;

@@ -894,9 +894,9 @@ static int __devinit rtl8180_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev,
 	dev->wiphy->bands[IEEE80211_BAND_2GHZ] = &priv->band;
 
 	dev->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING |
-		     IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS;
+		     IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS |
+		     IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC;
 	dev->queues = 1;
-	dev->max_rssi = 65;
 
 	reg = rtl818x_ioread32(priv, &priv->map->TX_CONF);
 	reg &= RTL818X_TX_CONF_HWVER_MASK;

index c03834d..1086e01 100644
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ static void rtl8187_rx_cb(struct urb *urb)
 	}
 
 	rx_status.antenna = (hdr->signal >> 7) & 1;
-	rx_status.signal = 64 - min(hdr->noise, (u8)64);
-	rx_status.ssi = signal;
+	rx_status.qual = 64 - min(hdr->noise, (u8)64);
+	rx_status.signal = signal;
 	rx_status.rate_idx = rate;
 	rx_status.freq = dev->conf.channel->center_freq;
 	rx_status.band = dev->conf.channel->band;

@@ -737,11 +737,10 @@ static int __devinit rtl8187_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
 
 	priv->mode = IEEE80211_IF_TYPE_MNTR;
 	dev->flags = IEEE80211_HW_HOST_BROADCAST_PS_BUFFERING |
-		     IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS;
+		     IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS |
+		     IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC;
 	dev->extra_tx_headroom = sizeof(struct rtl8187_tx_hdr);
 	dev->queues = 1;
-	dev->max_rssi = 65;
-	dev->max_signal = 64;
 
 	eeprom.data = dev;
 	eeprom.register_read = rtl8187_eeprom_register_read;

index 69c45ca..335f2d0 100644
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ static int filter_ack(struct ieee80211_hw *hw, struct ieee80211_hdr *rx_hdr,
 
 			memset(&status, 0, sizeof(status));
 			status.flags = IEEE80211_TX_STATUS_ACK;
-			status.ack_signal = stats->ssi;
+			status.ack_signal = stats->signal;
 			__skb_unlink(skb, q);
 			tx_status(hw, skb, &status, 1);
 			goto out;

@@ -691,8 +691,8 @@ int zd_mac_rx(struct ieee80211_hw *hw, const u8 *buffer, unsigned int length)
 
 	stats.freq = zd_channels[_zd_chip_get_channel(&mac->chip) - 1].center_freq;
 	stats.band = IEEE80211_BAND_2GHZ;
-	stats.ssi = status->signal_strength;
-	stats.signal = zd_rx_qual_percent(buffer,
+	stats.signal = status->signal_strength;
+	stats.qual = zd_rx_qual_percent(buffer,
 		                          length - sizeof(struct rx_status),
 		                          status);
 

@@ -982,9 +982,8 @@ struct ieee80211_hw *zd_mac_alloc_hw(struct usb_interface *intf)
 	hw->wiphy->bands[IEEE80211_BAND_2GHZ] = &mac->band;
 
 	hw->flags = IEEE80211_HW_RX_INCLUDES_FCS |
-		    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE;
-	hw->max_rssi = 100;
-	hw->max_signal = 100;
+		    IEEE80211_HW_HOST_GEN_BEACON_TEMPLATE |
+		    IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB;
 
 	hw->queues = 1;
 	hw->extra_tx_headroom = sizeof(struct zd_ctrlset);

index 1e3f87c..c5d7e4c 100644
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ int ieee80211_rx(struct ieee80211_device *ieee, struct sk_buff *skb,
 
 		wstats.updated = 0;
 		if (rx_stats->mask & IEEE80211_STATMASK_RSSI) {
-			wstats.level = rx_stats->rssi;
+			wstats.level = rx_stats->signal;
 			wstats.updated |= IW_QUAL_LEVEL_UPDATED;
 		} else
 			wstats.updated |= IW_QUAL_LEVEL_INVALID;

index fc2c1a1..04216c2 100644
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ STA_FILE(tx_fragments, tx_fragments, LU);
 STA_FILE(tx_filtered, tx_filtered_count, LU);
 STA_FILE(tx_retry_failed, tx_retry_failed, LU);
 STA_FILE(tx_retry_count, tx_retry_count, LU);
-STA_FILE(last_rssi, last_rssi, D);
 STA_FILE(last_signal, last_signal, D);
+STA_FILE(last_qual, last_qual, D);
 STA_FILE(last_noise, last_noise, D);
 STA_FILE(channel_use, channel_use, D);
 STA_FILE(wep_weak_iv_count, wep_weak_iv_count, LU);

index 616ce10..a484443 100644
@@ -1643,13 +1643,13 @@ int ieee80211_register_hw(struct ieee80211_hw *hw)
 
 	local->hw.conf.beacon_int = 1000;
 
-	local->wstats_flags |= local->hw.max_rssi ?
-			       IW_QUAL_LEVEL_UPDATED : IW_QUAL_LEVEL_INVALID;
-	local->wstats_flags |= local->hw.max_signal ?
+	local->wstats_flags |= local->hw.flags & (IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC |
+						  IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB |
+						  IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DBM) ?
 			       IW_QUAL_QUAL_UPDATED : IW_QUAL_QUAL_INVALID;
-	local->wstats_flags |= local->hw.max_noise ?
+	local->wstats_flags |= local->hw.flags & IEEE80211_HW_NOISE_DBM ?
 			       IW_QUAL_NOISE_UPDATED : IW_QUAL_NOISE_INVALID;
-	if (local->hw.max_rssi < 0 || local->hw.max_noise < 0)
+	if (local->hw.flags & IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DBM)
 		local->wstats_flags |= IW_QUAL_DBM;
 
 	result = sta_info_start(local);

index a6485f0..2b5aa3f 100644
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct ieee80211_sta_bss {
 	u16 capability; /* host byte order */
 	enum ieee80211_band band;
 	int freq;
-	int rssi, signal, noise;
+	int signal, noise, qual;
 	u8 *wpa_ie;
 	size_t wpa_ie_len;
 	u8 *rsn_ie;

index 5af23d3..731ecd2 100644
@@ -158,12 +158,20 @@ static int ieee80211_ioctl_giwrange(struct net_device *dev,
 	range->num_encoding_sizes = 2;
 	range->max_encoding_tokens = NUM_DEFAULT_KEYS;
 
-	range->max_qual.qual = local->hw.max_signal;
-	range->max_qual.level = local->hw.max_rssi;
-	range->max_qual.noise = local->hw.max_noise;
+	range->max_qual.level = 0;
+	if (local->hw.flags & IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC)
+		range->max_qual.level = 100;
+	else if  (local->hw.flags & IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB)
+		 /* this is pretty arbitrary but the range of most drivers */
+		 range->max_qual.level = 64;
+	else if  (local->hw.flags & IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DBM)
+		range->max_qual.level = -110;
+
+	range->max_qual.noise = -110;
+	range->max_qual.qual = 100;
 	range->max_qual.updated = local->wstats_flags;
 
-	range->avg_qual.qual = local->hw.max_signal/2;
+	range->avg_qual.qual = 0;
 	range->avg_qual.level = 0;
 	range->avg_qual.noise = 0;
 	range->avg_qual.updated = local->wstats_flags;

@@ -974,8 +982,8 @@ static struct iw_statistics *ieee80211_get_wireless_stats(struct net_device *dev
 		wstats->qual.noise = 0;
 		wstats->qual.updated = IW_QUAL_ALL_INVALID;
 	} else {
-		wstats->qual.level = sta->last_rssi;
-		wstats->qual.qual = sta->last_signal;
+		wstats->qual.level = sta->last_signal;
+		wstats->qual.qual = sta->last_qual;
 		wstats->qual.noise = sta->last_noise;
 		wstats->qual.updated = local->wstats_flags;
 	}

index cf51ca6..dccc9a5 100644
@@ -1910,8 +1910,8 @@ static void ieee80211_rx_mgmt_assoc_resp(struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata,
 					   local->hw.conf.channel->center_freq,
 					   ifsta->ssid, ifsta->ssid_len);
 		if (bss) {
-			sta->last_rssi = bss->rssi;
 			sta->last_signal = bss->signal;
+			sta->last_qual = bss->qual;
 			sta->last_noise = bss->noise;
 			ieee80211_rx_bss_put(dev, bss);
 		}

@@ -2628,9 +2628,9 @@ static void ieee80211_rx_bss_info(struct net_device *dev,
 
 	bss->timestamp = beacon_timestamp;
 	bss->last_update = jiffies;
-	bss->rssi = rx_status->ssi;
 	bss->signal = rx_status->signal;
 	bss->noise = rx_status->noise;
+	bss->qual = rx_status->qual;
 	if (!beacon)
 		bss->probe_resp++;
 

@@ -3335,9 +3335,9 @@ static int ieee80211_sta_config_auth(struct net_device *dev,
 		    !ieee80211_sta_match_ssid(ifsta, bss->ssid, bss->ssid_len))
 			continue;
 
-		if (!selected || top_rssi < bss->rssi) {
+		if (!selected || top_rssi < bss->signal) {
 			selected = bss;
-			top_rssi = bss->rssi;
+			top_rssi = bss->signal;
 		}
 	}
 	if (selected)

@@ -3966,8 +3966,8 @@ ieee80211_sta_scan_result(struct net_device *dev,
 
 	memset(&iwe, 0, sizeof(iwe));
 	iwe.cmd = IWEVQUAL;
-	iwe.u.qual.qual = bss->signal;
-	iwe.u.qual.level = bss->rssi;
+	iwe.u.qual.qual = bss->qual;
+	iwe.u.qual.level = bss->signal;
 	iwe.u.qual.noise = bss->noise;
 	iwe.u.qual.updated = local->wstats_flags;
 	current_ev = iwe_stream_add_event(current_ev, end_buf, &iwe,

index 644d277..c1efdcf 100644
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ ieee80211_rx_monitor(struct ieee80211_local *local, struct sk_buff *origskb,
 				cpu_to_le16(IEEE80211_CHAN_DYN |
 					    IEEE80211_CHAN_2GHZ);
 
-		rtfixed->antsignal = status->ssi;
+		rtfixed->antsignal = status->signal;
 		rthdr->it_len = cpu_to_le16(rtap_len);
 	}
 

@@ -725,8 +725,8 @@ ieee80211_rx_h_sta_process(struct ieee80211_rx_data *rx)
 
 	sta->rx_fragments++;
 	sta->rx_bytes += rx->skb->len;
-	sta->last_rssi = rx->status->ssi;
 	sta->last_signal = rx->status->signal;
+	sta->last_qual = rx->status->qual;
 	sta->last_noise = rx->status->noise;
 
 	if (!(rx->fc & IEEE80211_FCTL_MOREFRAGS)) {

index f166c80..63b0f30 100644
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ struct sta_info {
 				       * from this STA */
 	unsigned long rx_fragments; /* number of received MPDUs */
 	unsigned long rx_dropped; /* number of dropped MPDUs from this STA */
-	int last_rssi; /* RSSI of last received frame from this STA */
 	int last_signal; /* signal of last received frame from this STA */
+	int last_qual;  /* qual of last received frame from this STA */
 	int last_noise; /* noise of last received frame from this STA */
 	/* last received seq/frag number from this STA (per RX queue) */
 	__le16 last_seq_ctrl[NUM_RX_DATA_QUEUES];

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Hi there,

I'm, currently on business trip. I'll try to answer the best I
can. Ping me again next week.
Note that I did not define what went into mac80211.h, and I
disclaim any responsability from that.
My idea is that the API should be based on real physical
measurable values as much as possible. The tradeoff is that those values should also be useful, often raw values are useless.

mble on

m an

instead.

e

,

Having a absolute signal measurement is very interesting to
some applications. A signal in dBm tells you how "far" radio wise you are from the AP, and you may use it for roaming. Also, if you want to do localisation (triangulation) using RSSI, you need the signal in dBm.
SNR is useful, but less, and can be calculated using both the
signal and the noise value. That's why I did not include it in the WE API. SNR could be used to pick the most appropriate bit rate for example.
The most common unit for the RSSI is dBm, but I see that IEEE
is using RCPTI. I personally don't like RCPTI because it's more opaque, people are physically measuring dBm, and are having transmit, gain and loss measured in dBs. That's why I think it's important that the unit used for that value be dBm.
Now, we would like all hardware to report RSSI in dBm, and get
done with it. However, some hardware (Atheros) can not do it, because their RSSI hardware is uncalibrated. So, what do you do with those hardware ? Reporting a "relative" signal strength is probably better than nothing.
Note that it could be uncalibrated in two way. One way is the
offset (like the Atheros), the other is the slope (older hardware). It means that for some hardware, it does not even follow a dB curve. Uncalibrated usually means that every instance of the hardware is different and you can't have a global correction factor.
For example, check the Aironet driver. The driver has a RSSI
correction table, for every raw RSSI value, the driver check in a table to get the RSSI in dBm. The table is stored in the EPROM of the card, and I believe specific to each card. The correction curve is not even linear !
For the Atheros, there is another issue, the offset changes
over time and is not constant for the card.
Note also that many hardware are not truly calibrated, but
"sort of" calibrated (Orinoco, HostAP). Good measurement is expensive, that's why most implementation do measurement on the cheap. It means the value will be correct within some few percents for a large part range. Up to now, we pretented that those devices report dBm properly. That's why RCPTI talk of expected accuracy of measurement.

So, in WE we have :
o signal is RSSI in dBm, which is the most useful to apps.
o if can't do dBm, do relative, which has no expectations.

Now, back to your question.
This additional value would be cases where only the offset is
uncalibrated and the slope is correct, like the Atheros. What it would allow is to calculate SNR in dB, which a "unspec" would not allow. If the offset is constant (as specified above, but not the case for Atheros), you could compare different value over time and make a difference in dB.
Clearly, you have to think hard and define is the reference is
fixed (as stated above) or variable (Atheros). The fixed reference could be more useful to apps, but I don't know how many HW would fit that definition. The variable reference would accomodate the Atheros nicely.
Also, with respect to "sort of calibrated" device, you would
have to device if they are dBm or dB. What is the accuracy you expect.

And of course, the main question to ask is, is this extra
functionality worth the additional complexity of the API, and the potential confusion to users. I don't know, but for WE the answer was no.

Note also that you may need an agregate measure of how good
the link is, but that would be best generated by the stack itself. I guess for most devices, the bitrate in use will tell you that kind of information.

nits. To be

e linear

stead.

Note that for some hardware, you can not get liner values (see
above). Anyway, what does linear means, is it linear on a log/dBm scale or on a power/mW scale ?
This is exactly why I introduced avg_qual in WE.

om

andardized

bel difference

Noise only defined in dBm ? Some older devices have noise in
"unspec". I also don't know what Atheros does here.

11_ioctl.c

et_device *dev,

drivers */

ax_qual],

0].

k */

R,

=2E.) */

/

Yes. This is what make most sense.
Remember we also have "avg_qual".
The idea is that if we want to graphically represent the value
on a graph, we need to know the bounds. Think about a thermometer. Most thermometers show a range of temperature from -20C to +100C.
Usually, level and noise will have the same range [-110;0],
and qual will have its own range [0-100] or whatever.

ndwidth.

r

o

Remember, what we care most here is to give a range so that
graphical applications know the bound of the value. We don't need to be absolutely accurate here. Think about the thermometer example.
Now, what you are talking is the channel noise. Receiver noise
is different, as the receiver chain adds its own noise. Then, if you use DS (1 MB/s) or other complex modulation, you can have a processing gain which lower the noise floor. When I looked at the Orinoco at 1Mb/s, I believe the -110 dBm was correct, but I may have got it wrong.
I think it would be wise to use a value that change as little
as possible, so that the various applications can cache it (well, they will do it anyway).
But yeah, please use whatever value make sense and give good
result in userspace applications.

Regards,

Jean
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the best thing to specify is dBm and all drivers should try to do that. it's the only absolute value which makes sense and can be compared between different drivers and devices.

however as we know some drivers simply cannot provide that. instead they have some form of RSSI - RSSI in general meaning nothing more than "received signal strength indication", which could be *anything*: voltage, any numbers, in dB or linear or whatever. RSSI does *not* in general mean SNR! for example you might remember the values of prism54, they were somewhere around 200. or prism2 cards which had something around 100 (it's been a while since i've touched them, so that might have changed). as jean noted the values don't even have to be linear - so i think we should remove that from the definition.

so in the "unspecified" case we really don't know much about the units, in the worst case we can't even assume that 1/2 the value will mean 1/2 of the received signal strength. it's very hard to work with this values, but it's better than nothing.

other cards might not have noise, so no absolute (dBm) measurement, but a form of RSSI which is measured in dB (that is a logarithmic difference). in this case we might not know which reference point the measurement is taken to, but we know how it behaves: -3 dB means half of the signal strength. if you add a 6dB gain antenna you can expect to see the signal reading to increase by 6dB. it's not strictly SNR (because we don't know the noise) but quite close to it.

i think it's important to know the difference between this 3 cases i order to make some sense of the values in userspace gui, roaming agents, mesh link metrics, etc...

bruno

hi jean!

i really appreciate your input based on your experiences with the wireless extensions!

i definetly agree with that. dBm is what we want!

can you explain why you think atheros HW is "relative"?

in the past in madwifi RSSI was said to be measured against a fixed noise value of -95dBm (which should be expressed by using _SIGNAL_DB in my patch) but now we have a periodic noise floor calibration and we assume RSSI to be relative to that, so we believe to be able to provide dBm for both values. that's how it is currently reported in madwifi and ath5k and what we believe to be correct (without having much documentation from atheros, however) - if that's not correct we have to modify the drivers.

hmm, accuracy is another question. i think at the moment as long as the device tries to report dBm i would say it's dBm no matter what the accuracy is. in the future, when we know more about the devices we can add some hw flags or variables which can state that accuracy of the signal/noise measurements.

again, please tell us more about atheros. we believe RSSI to be relative to the noise floor, which we can measure. therefore we have dBm for both.

sorry jean, no offense, but the usage of these values in WE was really confusing and the lack of knowing what the values acutally mean made it really hard for applications to work with them. i think it is worth the effort to make that clearer and explicity state the HW capabilities instead of using implicit mechanisms so applications can know more exactly what to expect. applications which would have benefits from that would include NetworkManager, roaming agents, link metric calculations for mesh networks,...

once we have the signal units properly specified by the HW we can and should do things like this in mac80211 - i think we should move the "qual" link quality calculation up into mac80211 so it will be the same for all devices.

ok, good point! i think we should remove that from the definition then.

linear would mean linar on whatever units the device uses (might be a power/mW scale). log/dBM i would call "logarithmic". but anyhow, as you said not all devices can do linear, so i would tend to remove that from the definition and just say "totally unspecified".

if the need arises we could invent 2 different flags like IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC_LOG and IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC_LINEAR but i think that would be overkill right now.

so far as far as i can see drivers either know the noise in dBm or don't know it at all. if there is HW which has "unspec" we can add that.

bruno

I have to admit to not particularly caring about these things, so if you're willing to accept responsibility for all breakage I'm ok with the patch going in :)

johannes

My pleasure, always glad to help ;-)

One of my coworkers was doing experiments on interference
measurements. For that, we need to measure the signal strength of various packets. Those recalibrations throw havoc in our measurements. In other words, the RSSI we measure is consistent between recalibration points, but not across those recalibration.
This co-worker was using some NetBSD and not MadWifi, and I
don't know which version, so I can not say for sure if this affect the current version of MadWifi.

You have to look at what the application wants. The
application wants consistent measurements. You can *NOT* define properly APIs unless you understand how application will use it.
I don't understand enough about the Atheros hardware (I
haven't used it), but I don't see why you would need to recalibrate the noise floor and how you could acheive that. Any "noise" you measure on the channel would be subject to interference and fading. The only way you could measure some noise with some certainty would be to ground the antenna and measure.
If you calibrate your RSSI using the noise on the channel, I
believe you are measuring SNR, not signal strength. Of course, I may be wrong.

Yes, that's the practical and sane way to do it.

RSSI is absolute, like transmit power. Anything relative to
the noise floor is SNR, in dB.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBm

Everybody is entitled to their opinion. Those values were
clearly documenteed but nobody bothered to read the documentation.

Ideally, qual should aggregate as many measurements as
possible, such as RSSI, noise, packet loss, beacon loss, etc... I think Bill Moss did some work in that direction in the ipw2*00 drivers.
As I said above, I agree that it should probably be deal in
the stack.

For most of those systems, linear measurement is not very
useful, and I believe most measurements are "sort of dB", i.e. closer to log scale than linear.

Anyway, those old harware that did not do dBm are going the
way of dinausors, so we probably should not care that much about them.

Regards,

Jean

well, i'm going to - for whatever that means :)

i have compile tested the current patch with all mac80211 based drivers, i believe and function tested with ath5k and iwl4965 - but lets give the driver authors some more time for feedback and review. also i'd like to integrate jean's suggestion that unspec doesn't have to be linear.

bruno

there are actually two types of noise calibration for atheros hardware: one is for the internal circuit noise, which is done by detaching the antennas and another one for the environment noise (interference) on the channel, which is measured during silent times of the MAC protocol (SIFS for example). at least that's my understanding of what is described in an atheros patent:

http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=%22Method+system+noise+floor+calibration+receive+signal+strength+detection%22.TI.&OS=TTL/

i think that's what is happening. that seems to be consistent with both your collegues experimental results, the patent and the way we interpret the "RSSI" as SNR in madwifi and ath5k.

of course lacking any documentation from atheros this all mostly speculations.

true. it's unfair to blame WE for that. the problems came mostly from the fact that devices used completely different methods of reporting these values and not much was know about the devices sometimes.

now that have a mac80211 stack which unifies different drivers i would like to improve that situation by also unifying the way we report signal and noise across most devices. most modern cards support dBm so this is probably the way to go for the future.

but the remaining question is how do we deal with devices where we don't know how to map RSSI to dBm.

i take your suggestion that we should remove the "linear" requirement from the definition. do you think it would be feasible to require the drivers to normalize their RSSI to a range of 0-100, so we would have at least some consistency between devices? (of course their steps within this percentage would be different and it would still be impossible to compare these values across different devices).

best regards,
bruno

Patents are hard to read. And you don't even know if the
patent apply to the current hardware.
Reading the patent, the intention is good. They want to
calculate dBm. Because their hardware does not have a fixed offset, they do all kind of tricks to calibrate the offset.
Now, the problem of their method is that they need to
determine the channel noise floor. And this is where it falls apart, as there is no guarantee that you can measure the noise floor, because there is no guarantee that you can measure a time where there is no transmission and no interference. With all the cordless phones, BlueTooth, adjacent cell, channel overlap and so on, the 2.4 GHz band tend to be quite busy.
What the patent seem to advocate is to measure the noise over
a long period of time and use the lowest measurement. The patent seems to say that this channel noise vary little by temperature, so you could actually measure it once and store it. They also seem to say that it could be the same for all units.

Yes, I don't want to claim anything, because I've not used
this hardware, we have only hearsay and I belive those kind of things need to be verified in details.
From the patent, it looks like you could measure dBm this way
but you would need more care in managing the channel noise measurement.

Note that's the trouble with doing things bottom up. Very
often, hardware does it some specific way because it was easier to implement or because the designer made some choices. Unfortunately, applications may have other needs.
I've also seen Atheros based AP where the Tx power is relative
(dB to max) instead of absolute (dBm). And in the case, the max did depend on various things, such as the band (2.4 GHx vs. 5GHz) and the type of antenna (internal/external). Very messy.

I think you are in a way better position. We now have 10 year
of experience, there are way more people concerned about it and application are finally starting to pay attention to those APIs.

I believe most devices will have a "sort of dBm" measurement
(i.e. log scale), because that's what you need to perform CSMA-CA, roaming and bit-rate adaptation.

If the measurement is not linear or log, it does not make
sense mandating the 0-100, because 50 won't be the mid-point. And we assume that devices are not consistent to start with...
Anyway, to avoid quantisation errors, I prefer to defer
normalisation to the end software. For example, if the app use a 64 pixel window to show the RSSI, it wants a value 0-63, not 0-100.

	Have fun...

	Jean

ok, got it :) i will keep max_signal for this, then. it should be used for IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_UNSPEC and IEEE80211_HW_SIGNAL_DB. in the case of dBm i think we can always assume the same range.

cheers,
bruno

Agreed, but can you give me an example of a card which does provide RSSI in db for values we don't know and that UNSPEC cannot handle? Is this what is assumed of the rt2x00 cards?

Luis

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Understood, this is why I took my time answering you.

Yes, I "misspoke". Note that RCPI is implemented in WT-29. If
iwconfig sees a RCPI value over WE, it converts it to dBm.

Cisco Aironet 350 (later firmware using calibration
table). That's probably the best I can think off.

As I explained in other parts of this thread, I have no
experience of Atheros. Some coworker has been using NetBSD and has seen inconsistency over time due to noise recalibration. Note that we operate in an environment with noise.

On top of my head, I don't remember. It affected mostly
pre-802.11 devices. There is a Raylink which is a 802.11 FH device, but that probably does not count. Then, a lot of devices are "sort of calibrated", and I don't know where you want to draw the line.

My coworker was complaining a significant change. Enough to
impact is interference measurements. It was related to noise recalibration that occur at periodic intervals. Note that it was with NetBSD, the driver may be different.

Don't think so, but I did not look at all design. And nowadays
I can't be bothered to check it.

I like RCPI for the accuracy expectation. But I would rather
present a dBm value to the user (in floating point, obviously).

Well, check my other e-mail in this thread. Measuring channel
noise is, I believe, much more tricky than it looks.

Initially, dBm did not had a "max", and the max_qual value was
zero (there are probably drivers still like that). With dBm, you know the min and max if you know the frequency and the band. So, I did not bother with it.
When we went with multi band and multi rate, I failed to
properly extend the API, and retrofited the noise floor in the max. That was the most expedient at the time.
Ideally, we should have a true "min and max". The most
important value to know if the min, as you want to know in marginal condition how close you are from the limit. For the max, there is no way of knowing, as it mostly depend on the transmitter (power, gain, etc...). I believe 0 is close enough to a good value.
Note also that most receiver will saturate if the received
signal is too strong and won't measure accurately dBm in those range.

Yes.
In my API, I have : signal quality, signal level and
noise. Therefore, in my API, "signal" is ambiguous.

No, I think you get it.

At 1 and 2 Mb/s using Direct Sequence, you have a processing
gain. In other words, you should consider the DS signal to be 1 or 2 MHz, not 20 MHz.
I think I also did some measurements with the Orinoco to see
what values were reported. People hate when it shows values out of bounds ;-)

	Have fun...

	Jean

nal

osed

o

from a paper, from Joshua Bardwell, also available at:
http://madwifi.org/attachment/wiki/UserDocs/RSSI/you_believe_D100201.pd=
f

"Bear in mind that, realistically, stations will nearly always receive = signals=20
below 1 mW, unless they are very close (within a few feet) of the acces= s=20
point. Therefore, the power levels below 1 mW are critical to the opera= tion=20
of an 802.11 chipset."
=2E..
"Realistically, 1 mW is about the maximum power that a station is likel= y to=20
receive, and the station would have to be within inches of a powerful A= P to=20
receive even that much! (That might surprise you, but remember that 802= =2E11=20
NICs can receive signals down to about 10-7 to 10-9 mW, so a =E2=80=9Cw= eak=E2=80=9D 1 mW=20
signal is actually millions of times stronger than the weakest signal t= he=20
card could discern.)"
=2E..
"Consequently, the RSSI ranges used by the 802.11 chipset manufacturers=
don=E2=80=99t=20
measure at all above 1 mW. The maximum RSSI value for all 802.11 chipse= ts and=20
NICs represents a power level that is less than 1 mW. Everything betwee= n 1 mW=20
and 100 mW is simply considered =E2=80=9C100 %=E2=80=9D RSSI."

bruno
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i currently assume that for rt2x00 and zd1211 cards - but i'm really just guessing here. feedback from driver authors or people who have more knowledge about the hardware would be greatly appreciated!

here's the current table:

DRIVER SIGNAL MAX NOISE QUAL
-----------------------------------------------------------------
adm8211 unspec(?) 100 n/a missing
at76_usb unspec(?) (?) unused missing
ath5k dBm dBm percent rssi
b43legacy dBm dBm percent jssi(?)
b43 dBm dBm percent jssi(?)
iwl-3945 dBm dBm percent snr+more
iwl-4965 dBm dBm percent snr+more
p54 unspec 127 n/a missing
rt2x00 percent rssi+tx/rx frame success
rt2400 dB(?) 100 n/a
rt2500pci dB(?) 100 n/a
rt2500usb dB(?) 100 n/a
rt61pci dB(?) 100 n/a
rt73usb dB(?) 100 n/a
rtl8180 unspec(?) 65 n/a (?)
rtl8187 unspec(?) 65 (?) noise(?)
zd1211 dB(?) 100 n/a percent

bruno