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confusion about relocation (ARM)

DISCUSSION Matthias Kaehlcke 4 participants 7 messages Jan 1, 2010 – Jan 4, 2010

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#0 lore raw

hi,

i'm trying to run barebox on an EP93xx (ARM) board, but don't get beyond the invocation of some initcalls from start_barebox(). at the moment i have no JTAG for debugging and rely on LEDs for hints whats going on. my suspicion is that the stack or SDRAM isn't set up correctly.

a comment in start_barebox() says 'We are running from RAM now', so i deduced SDRAM must work. but after having a look at start-arm.S i'm a little bit confused. as far as i understand the barebox code is copied to RAM in copy_loop(). what i don't see is where the program counter is set to the address in RAM?

any insights?

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Matthias Kaehlcke
Embedded Linux Developer
Barcelona

    Me lo contaron y lo olvidé, lo vi y lo entendí, lo hice y lo aprendí
                              (Confucio)
                                                                 .''`.
    using free software / Debian GNU/Linux | http://debian.org  : :'  :
                                                                `. `'`
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#1 lore raw

Hi Matthias,

Quoted 6 lines · Matthias Kaehlcke

a comment in start_barebox() says 'We are running from RAM now', so i deduced SDRAM must work. but after having a look at start-arm.S i'm a little bit confused. as far as i understand the barebox code is copied to RAM in copy_loop(). what i don't see is where the program counter is set to the address in RAM?

in arch/arm/cpu/start-arm.S @ line 245 :
ldr pc, _start_armboot

Eric

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#2 lore raw

hi eric,

thanks for your reply

El Fri, Jan 01, 2010 at 09:36:29PM +0100 Eric Bénard ha dit:

Quoted 9 lines · Matthias Kaehlcke
Quoted 6 lines

a comment in start_barebox() says 'We are running from RAM now', so i deduced SDRAM must work. but after having a look at start-arm.S i'm a little bit confused. as far as i understand the barebox code is copied to RAM in copy_loop(). what i don't see is where the program counter is set to the address in RAM?

in arch/arm/cpu/start-arm.S @ line 245 :
ldr pc, _start_armboot

i saw this line, but i don't understand how it comes that the address at _start_armboot points to RAM and not to the flash.

another question: how does ARCH_TEXT_BASE fit in here? i defined it as 0x05700000, but in the barebox image _TEXT_BASE is 0x00000000

kind regards

Signature · 15 lines
Matthias Kaehlcke
Embedded Linux Developer
Barcelona

             You must have a plan. If you don't have a plan,
               you'll become part of somebody else's plan
                                                                 .''`.
    using free software / Debian GNU/Linux | http://debian.org  : :'  :
                                                                `. `'`
gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 47D8E5D4                  `-

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#3 lore raw
Quoted 13 lines · Matthias Kaehlcke

hi eric,

thanks for your reply

El Fri, Jan 01, 2010 at 09:36:29PM +0100 Eric Bénard ha dit:

Quoted 7 lines · Matthias Kaehlcke
Quoted 6 lines

a comment in start_barebox() says 'We are running from RAM now', so i deduced SDRAM must work. but after having a look at start-arm.S i'm a little bit confused. as far as i understand the barebox code is copied to RAM in copy_loop(). what i don't see is where the program counter is set to the address in RAM?

Quoted 5 lines
Quoted 2 lines

in arch/arm/cpu/start-arm.S @ line 245 :
ldr pc, _start_armboot

i saw this line, but i don't understand how it comes that the address at _start_armboot points to RAM and not to the flash.

When your barebox image is linked to RAM (that is 0x05700000 in your case) _start_armboot is in RAM, too.

Quoted 3 lines

another question: how does ARCH_TEXT_BASE fit in here? i defined it as 0x05700000, but in the barebox image _TEXT_BASE is 0x00000000

Have a look at barebox.S, it should look like:

barebox: file format elf32-littlearm

Disassembly of section .text:

87f00000 <_start>:
87f00000: ea000014 b 87f00058 <reset>
87f00004: e59ff014 ldr pc, [pc, #20] ; 87f00020<_end+0xfffe07c4>
87f00008: e59ff014 ldr pc, [pc, #20] ; 87f00024<_end+0xfffe07c8>
87f0000c: e59ff014 ldr pc, [pc, #20] ; 87f00028<_end+0xfffe07cc>
87f00010: e59ff014 ldr pc, [pc, #20] ; 87f0002c<_end+0xfffe07d0>
87f00014: e59ff014 ldr pc, [pc, #20] ; 87f00030<_end+0xfffe07d4>
87f00018: e59ff014 ldr pc, [pc, #20] ; 87f00034<_end+0xfffe07d8>
87f0001c: e59ff014 ldr pc, [pc, #20] ; 87f00038<_end+0xfffe07dc>

87f00020 <_undefined_instruction>:
87f00020: 87f14a20 .word 0x87f14a20

87f00024 <_software_interrupt>:
87f00024: 87f14a80 .word 0x87f14a80

87f00028 <_prefetch_abort>:
87f00028: 87f14ae0 .word 0x87f14ae0

87f0002c <_data_abort>:
87f0002c: 87f14b40 .word 0x87f14b40

87f00030 <_not_used>:
87f00030: 87f14ba0 .word 0x87f14ba0

87f00034 <_irq>:
87f00034: 87f14c00 .word 0x87f14c00

87f00038 <_fiq>:
87f00038: 87f14c60 .word 0x87f14c60
87f0003c: deadbeef .word 0xdeadbeef

87f00040 <_barebox_start>:
87f00040: 87f00000 .word 0x87f00000

87f00044 <_bss_start>:
87f00044: 87f1a908 .word 0x87f1a908

87f00048 <_bss_end>:
87f00048: 87f1f85c .word 0x87f1f85c

87f0004c <_TEXT_BASE>:
87f0004c: 87f00000 .word 0x87f00000

87f00050 <_MALLOC_BASE>:
87f00050: 87b00000 .word 0x87b00000

(With 87fxxxx replaced with 0570xxxx of course)

Since EP93xx is not in mainline maybe you can provide us your patches and I think we should be able to help you.

Regards
Sascha

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Pengutronix e.K.                           |                             |
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#4 lore raw

hi sascha,

El Mon, Jan 04, 2010 at 01:07:58PM +0100 Sascha Hauer ha dit:

Quoted 25 lines · Matthias Kaehlcke
Quoted 9 lines

El Fri, Jan 01, 2010 at 09:36:29PM +0100 Eric Bénard ha dit:

Quoted 7 lines · Matthias Kaehlcke
Quoted 6 lines

a comment in start_barebox() says 'We are running from RAM now', so i deduced SDRAM must work. but after having a look at start-arm.S i'm a little bit confused. as far as i understand the barebox code is copied to RAM in copy_loop(). what i don't see is where the program counter is set to the address in RAM?

Quoted 5 lines
Quoted 2 lines

in arch/arm/cpu/start-arm.S @ line 245 :
ldr pc, _start_armboot

i saw this line, but i don't understand how it comes that the address at _start_armboot points to RAM and not to the flash.

When your barebox image is linked to RAM (that is 0x05700000 in your case) _start_armboot is in RAM, too.

Quoted 3 lines

another question: how does ARCH_TEXT_BASE fit in here? i defined it as 0x05700000, but in the barebox image _TEXT_BASE is 0x00000000

Have a look at barebox.S, it should look like:

Quoted 7 lines

barebox: file format elf32-littlearm

Disassembly of section .text:

87f00000 <_start>:
...

thanks for your reply!

finally i figured out what was going wrong: after getting compiler errors when using a config file created from scratch, i took a defconfig of another ARM board as starting point. this board defines CONFIG_TEXT_BASE as 0x00000000, in consequence ARCH_TEXT_BASE (0x05700000) of the edb93xx board wasn't used.

after setting CONFIG_TEST_BASE to the correct value i got a barebox prompt :)

Signature · 15 lines
Matthias Kaehlcke
Embedded Linux Developer
Barcelona

      Debugging is like alien abduction. Large blocks of time disappear,
                    for which you have no explanation
                                                                 .''`.
    using free software / Debian GNU/Linux | http://debian.org  : :'  :
                                                                `. `'`
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#5 lore raw
Quoted 2 lines · Matthias Kaehlcke

after getting compiler errors when using a config file created from scratch,

Can you reproduce that and send us the offending config file? Looks like a bug somewhere.

rsc

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Pengutronix e.K.                           |                             |
Industrial Linux Solutions                 | http://www.pengutronix.de/  |
Peiner Str. 6-8, 31137 Hildesheim, Germany | Phone: +49-5121-206917-0    |
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#6 lore raw

El Mon, Jan 04, 2010 at 09:13:11PM +0100 Robert Schwebel ha dit:

Quoted 6 lines · Matthias Kaehlcke
Quoted 2 lines

after getting compiler errors when using a config file created from scratch,

Can you reproduce that and send us the offending config file? Looks like a bug somewhere.

the first problem i faced was the Makefile complaining about an empty default environment path, though CONFIG_DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT is not defined:

# CONFIG_DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT is not set

matze@darwin:/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0$ make
Makefile:1274: *** default environment path empty.  Stop.

this one was easy to work around by commenting the offending section in the Makefile

reproducing it is as easy as "make ARCH=sandbox menuconfig; <exit_and_save>; make" from a clean environment

i wasn't able to solve or work around the next one:

make[1]: `arch/arm/include/asm/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/linux/version.h
CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h
SYMLINK include/config.h -> board/at91sam9260ek/config.h

  CC      scripts/mod/empty.o
  MKELF   scripts/mod/elfconfig.h
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/modpost.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/sumversion.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/mod/modpost
  CC      /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/empty.o
  CC      /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.o

/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:14:19: error: ctype.h: No such file or directory In file included from /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:15:
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:2:20: error: stdlib.h: No such file or directory /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:5:23: error: sys/types.h: No such file or directory /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:6:22: error: sys/stat.h: No such file or directory /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:7:22: error: sys/mman.h: No such file or directory /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:9:20: error: unistd.h: No such file or directory /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:21:1: warning: "ELF_ST_BIND" redefined In file included from /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:10,

                 from /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:15:

include/elf.h:119:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition In file included from /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:15:
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:22:1: warning: "ELF_ST_TYPE" redefined In file included from /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:10,

                 from /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:15:

include/elf.h:120:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
In file included from /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:15:
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.h:122: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'Elf32_Section' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'fatal':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:57: warning: implicit declaration of function 'vfprintf' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:60: warning: implicit declaration of function 'exit' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'new_module':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:125: warning: implicit declaration of function 'malloc' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:125: warning: passing argument 1 of 'do_nofail' makes pointer from integer without a cast /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'alloc_symbol':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:184: warning: passing argument 1 of 'do_nofail' makes pointer from integer without a cast /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: At top level:
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:252: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'Elf32_Section' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'export_from_sec':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:254: error: 'sec' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:254: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:254: error: for each function it appears in.) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:254: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:256: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_unused_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:258: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_gpl_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:260: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_unused_gpl_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:262: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_gpl_future_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'grab_file':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:307: error: storage size of 'st' isn't known /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:311: warning: implicit declaration of function 'open' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:312: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fstat' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:316: warning: implicit declaration of function 'mmap' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:316: error: 'PROT_READ' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:316: error: 'PROT_WRITE' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:316: error: 'MAP_PRIVATE' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:316: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:317: warning: implicit declaration of function 'close' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:319: error: 'MAP_FAILED' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:307: warning: unused variable 'st' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'get_next_line':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:339: warning: implicit declaration of function 'isspace' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'release_file':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:361: warning: implicit declaration of function 'munmap' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'parse_elf':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:373: warning: implicit declaration of function 'perror' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:420: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'modinfo' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:421: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'modinfo_len' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:423: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:425: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_unused_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:427: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_gpl_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:429: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_unused_gpl_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:431: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'export_gpl_future_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:439: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'handle_modversions':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:467: error: too many arguments to function 'export_from_sec' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:483: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ELF32_ST_BIND' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'find_elf_symbol':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:733: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ELF32_ST_TYPE' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'is_valid_name':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:758: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'warn_sec_mismatch':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:837: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:838: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:843: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:851: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:852: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:858: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:864: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'addend_386_rel':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:888: error: 'R_386_32' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:891: error: 'R_386_PC32' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'addend_mips_rel':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:927: error: 'R_MIPS_HI16' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:931: error: 'R_MIPS_LO16' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:934: error: 'R_MIPS_26' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:937: error: 'R_MIPS_32' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'check_sec_ref':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1039: error: 'EM_386' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1047: error: 'EM_MIPS' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'read_symbols':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1258: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'modinfo' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1258: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'modinfo_len' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1266: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'modinfo' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1266: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'modinfo_len' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1270: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'strtab' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1279: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'modinfo' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1279: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'modinfo_len' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1281: error: 'struct elf_info' has no member named 'modinfo' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'buf_write':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1320: warning: implicit declaration of function 'realloc' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1320: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'write_if_changed':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1511: error: 'FILE' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1511: error: 'file' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1512: error: storage size of 'st' isn't known /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1512: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1514: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fopen' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1518: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fileno' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1524: warning: passing argument 1 of 'do_nofail' makes pointer from integer without a cast /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1525: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fread' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1531: warning: implicit declaration of function 'free' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1532: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fclose' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1545: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fwrite' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1512: warning: unused variable 'st' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'read_dump':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1581: warning: implicit declaration of function 'strtoul' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c: In function 'main':
/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1645: warning: implicit declaration of function 'getopt' /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1648: error: 'optarg' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.c:1676: error: 'optind' undeclared (first use in this function) make[1]: *** [/tmp/barebox-2009.12.0/scripts/mod/modpost.o] Error 1
make: *** [common] Error 2

to reproduce from a clean environment:

make ARCH=arm menuconfig
<exit_and_save>
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=<your_prefix>

Signature · 16 lines
Matthias Kaehlcke
Embedded Linux Developer
Barcelona

    Yo soy como soy y tú eres como eres, construyamos un mundo donde yo
    pueda ser sin dejar de ser yo, donde tú puedas ser sin dejar de ser
    tú, y donde ni yo ni tú obliguemos al otro a ser como yo o como tú
                                                                 .''`.
    using free software / Debian GNU/Linux | http://debian.org  : :'  :
                                                                `. `'`
gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 47D8E5D4                  `-

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