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CodingStyle: Clarify and complete chapter 7

PATCH In review Jean Delvare 4 participants 5 messages Jul 25, 2016 – Aug 15, 2016 Documentation

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PATCH 1/1 CodingStyle: Clarify and complete chapter 7

Chapter 7 (Centralized exiting of functions) of the coding style documentation is unclear at times, and lacks some information (such as the possibility to indent labels with a single space.) Clarify and complete it.

Cc Markus Elfring <[email protected]>
Cc Jonathan Corbet <[email protected]>
---
 Documentation/CodingStyle |   25 +++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
Documentation/CodingStyle +19 -6
@@ -396,9 +396,13 @@ locations and some common work such as c
 cleanup needed then just return directly.
 
 Choose label names which say what the goto does or why the goto exists.  An
-example of a good name could be "out_buffer:" if the goto frees "buffer".  Avoid
-using GW-BASIC names like "err1:" and "err2:".  Also don't name them after the
-goto location like "err_kmalloc_failed:"
+example of a good name could be "out_free_buffer:" if the goto frees "buffer".
+Avoid using GW-BASIC names like "err1:" and "err2:", as you would have to
+renumber them if you ever add or remove exit paths, and they make correctness
+difficult to verify anyway.
+
+It is advised to indent labels with a single space (not tab), so that
+"diff -p" does not confuse labels with functions.
 
 The rationale for using gotos is:
 
@@ -425,20 +429,29 @@ The rationale for using gotos is:
 			goto out_buffer;
 		}
 		...
-	out_buffer:
+	 out_free_buffer:
 		kfree(buffer);
 		return result;
 	}
 
 A common type of bug to be aware of is "one err bugs" which look like this:
 
-	err:
+	 err:
 		kfree(foo->bar);
 		kfree(foo);
 		return ret;
 
 The bug in this code is that on some exit paths "foo" is NULL.  Normally the
-fix for this is to split it up into two error labels "err_bar:" and "err_foo:".
+fix for this is to split it up into two error labels "err_free_bar:" and
+"err_free_foo:":
+
+	 err_free_bar:
+		kfree(foo->bar);
+	 err_free_foo:
+		kfree(foo);
+		return ret;
+
+Ideally you should simulate errors to test all exit paths.
 
 
 		Chapter 8: Commenting
Signature · 2 lines
Jean Delvare
SUSE L3 Support
maintainer
#1 lore raw
Quoted 4 lines · On Mon, 25 Jul 2016 14:29:06 +0200 Jean Delvare <[email protected]> wrote:

Chapter 7 (Centralized exiting of functions) of the coding style documentation is unclear at times, and lacks some information (such as the possibility to indent labels with a single space.) Clarify and complete it.

OK, I've applied this (finally) to the docs tree, sorry for sitting on it for so long. One question, though...

Documentation/CodingStyle The rationale for using gotos is: · line 444

Quoted 9 lines

A common type of bug to be aware of is "one err bugs" which look like this:

Documentation/CodingStyle +1 -1
-	err:
+	 err:
 		kfree(foo->bar);
 		kfree(foo);
 		return ret;
 
 The bug in this code is that on some exit paths "foo" is NULL.  Normally the

...except that kfree() can handle null pointers just fine, so this isn't actually a bug, right? Someday when somebody has time it would be good to come up with a better example.

Thanks,

jon

#2 lore raw
Quoted 19 lines · Jonathan Corbet
Quoted 4 lines · On Mon, 25 Jul 2016 14:29:06 +0200 Jean Delvare <[email protected]> wrote:

Chapter 7 (Centralized exiting of functions) of the coding style documentation is unclear at times, and lacks some information (such as the possibility to indent labels with a single space.) Clarify and complete it.

OK, I've applied this (finally) to the docs tree, sorry for sitting on it for so long. One question, though...

Quoted 8 lines

A common type of bug to be aware of is "one err bugs" which look like this:

Documentation/CodingStyle +1 -1
-	err:
+	 err:
 		kfree(foo->bar);
 		kfree(foo);
 		return ret;
Quoted 5 lines
Quoted 1 line

The bug in this code is that on some exit paths "foo" is NULL. Normally the

...except that kfree() can handle null pointers just fine, so this isn't actually a bug, right? Someday when somebody has time it would be good to come up with a better example.

But if foo is NULL, foo->bar is not NULL and so kfree will have a problem with it. So this is a bug.

--
Mark Rustad, [email protected]

maintainer
#3 lore raw
Quoted 5 lines · On Sun, 14 Aug 2016 13:12:33 -0700 Mark D Rustad <[email protected]> wrote:
Quoted 5 lines
Quoted 5 lines
Documentation/CodingStyle +1 -0
+	 err:
 		kfree(foo->bar);
 		kfree(foo);
 		return ret;
Quoted 8 lines
Quoted 5 lines
Quoted 1 line

The bug in this code is that on some exit paths "foo" is NULL. Normally the

...except that kfree() can handle null pointers just fine, so this isn't actually a bug, right? Someday when somebody has time it would be good to come up with a better example.

But if foo is NULL, foo->bar is not NULL and so kfree will have a problem with it. So this is a bug.

Oops, sigh, duh. OK, ignore me. (Though technically kfree will not have a problem with it, since things won't get that far.. :)

jon

#4 lore raw
In reply to Mark D Rustad
Quoted 8 lines
Quoted 8 lines
Quoted 8 lines

A common type of bug to be aware of is "one err bugs" which look like this:

Documentation/CodingStyle +1 -1
-    err:
+     err:
         kfree(foo->bar);
         kfree(foo);
         return ret;
Quoted 7 lines
Quoted 5 lines
Quoted 1 line

The bug in this code is that on some exit paths "foo" is NULL. Normally the

...except that kfree() can handle null pointers just fine, so this isn't actually a bug, right? Someday when somebody has time it would be good to come up with a better example.

But if foo is NULL,

An important condition …

Quoted 1 line

foo->bar is not NULL

I wonder about this information. Which run-time environment will provide this behaviour?

Quoted 1 line

and so kfree will have a problem with it.

I find that the parameter evaluation will result in side effects (because of a null pointer access) which are usually unwanted. So the execution of this function call will eventually not start.

Quoted 1 line

So this is a bug.

How do you think about further software development possibilities to improve corresponding exception handling?

How much can the selection of jump labels influence the software design?

Regards,
Markus