FAILED: patch "[PATCH] mm: khugepaged: fix swap entry value to folio_pfn()" failed to apply to 6.12-stable tree

PATCH New [email protected] 2 participants 2 messages Nov 4 – Nov 5

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Stable branch Memory management Tracing THP

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[email protected]

author maintainer

2026-11-04 14:19 UTC #0 lore raw

The patch below does not apply to the 6.12-stable tree.
If someone wants it applied there, or to any other stable or longterm tree, then please email the backport, including the original git commit id to <[email protected]>.

To reproduce the conflict and resubmit, you may use the following commands:

git fetch https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/ linux-6.12.y
git checkout FETCH_HEAD
git cherry-pick -x 942c8ec27aa4ffc587511650718349964e1696e6
# <resolve conflicts, build, test, etc.>
git commit -s
git send-email --to '<[email protected]>' --in-reply-to '2026110434-getup-ongoing-7464@gregkh' --subject-prefix 'PATCH 6.12.y' 'HEAD^..'

Possible dependencies:

thanks,

greg k-h

------------------ original commit in Linus's tree ------------------

From 942c8ec27aa4ffc587511650718349964e1696e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vernon Yang <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 9 Sep 2026 10:58:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] mm: khugepaged: fix swap entry value to folio_pfn()

Patch series "mm: khugepaged: fix tracepoint UAF", v5.

The khugepaged tracepoints take a folio pointer and call folio_pfn(), but by then the folio may no longer be valid: freed after folio_put(), folio_unlock() or pte_unmap_unlock(), or not a folio at all but an xarray-encoded swap entry. On classic SPARSEMEM, dereferencing it oopses khugepaged as soon as the trace event is enabled; on other memory models it merely prints a bogus pfn.

Pass the pfn to the tracepoints directly, captured while the folio is still pinned, closing the use-after-free windows in mm_khugepaged_scan_file(), mm_khugepaged_scan_pmd() and mm_khugepaged_collapse_file().

This patch (of 3):

When the swap entries found exceed max_ptes_swap, the loop is left via break with folio still holding the xarray value that encodes the swap entry, not valid folio pointer.

That value is passed to trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_file(), which feeds it to folio_pfn(). On FLATMEM and SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP, the page_to_pfn() is plain pointer arithmetic, so the trace event merely prints bogus scan_pfn. On classic SPARSEMEM, the page_to_pfn() reads page->flags, dereferencing the tiny encoded integer and oopsing khugepaged whenever the trace event is enabled.

So when folio is the swap entry value, simply set pfn to -1, just like exhausted scan naturally.

And the folio_put() has maybe dropped the last reference of folio. The trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_file() is left with a dangling folio pointer. so using the folio_pfn() before dropping the reference, closing use-after-free window.

Link https://lore.kernel.org/[email protected] open here

Fixes d41fd2016ed0 ("mm/khugepaged: add tracepoint to hpage_collapse_scan_file()")

Signed-off-by Vernon Yang <[email protected]>

Signed-off-by Andrew Morton <[email protected]>

Acked-by David Hildenbrand (Arm) <[email protected]>

Cc Barry Song <[email protected]>

Cc Dev Jain <[email protected]>

Cc Lance Yang <[email protected]>

Cc Lorenzo Stoakes <[email protected]>

Cc Ryan Roberts <[email protected]>

Cc Zach O'Keefe <[email protected]>

Cc <[email protected]>

include/trace/events/huge_memory.h +3 -3

index 5a48c5406cce..7b526528f85b 100644
@@ -178,10 +178,10 @@ TRACE_EVENT(mm_collapse_huge_page_swapin,
 
 TRACE_EVENT(mm_khugepaged_scan_file,
 
-	TP_PROTO(struct mm_struct *mm, struct folio *folio, struct file *file,
+	TP_PROTO(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pfn, struct file *file,
 		 int present, int swap, int result),
 
-	TP_ARGS(mm, folio, file, present, swap, result),
+	TP_ARGS(mm, pfn, file, present, swap, result),
 
 	TP_STRUCT__entry(
 		__field(struct mm_struct *, mm)

@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(mm_khugepaged_scan_file,
 
 	TP_fast_assign(
 		__entry->mm = mm;
-		__entry->pfn = folio ? folio_pfn(folio) : -1;
+		__entry->pfn = pfn;
 		__assign_str(filename);
 		__entry->present = present;
 		__entry->swap = swap;

mm/khugepaged.c +6 -1

index 75639298efc2..6380a12b8eee 100644
@@ -2683,6 +2683,7 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm,
 	int present, swap;
 	int node = NUMA_NO_NODE;
 	enum scan_result result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
+	unsigned long failed_pfn = -1;
 
 	present = 0;
 	swap = 0;

@@ -2715,6 +2716,7 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm,
 
 		if (is_pmd_order(folio_order(folio))) {
 			result = SCAN_PTE_MAPPED_HUGEPAGE;
+			failed_pfn = folio_pfn(folio);
 			/*
 			 * PMD-sized THP implies that we can only try
 			 * retracting the PTE table.

@@ -2726,6 +2728,7 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		node = folio_nid(folio);
 		if (collapse_scan_abort(node, cc)) {
 			result = SCAN_SCAN_ABORT;
+			failed_pfn = folio_pfn(folio);
 			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}

@@ -2733,12 +2736,14 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm,
 
 		if (!folio_test_lru(folio)) {
 			result = SCAN_PAGE_LRU;
+			failed_pfn = folio_pfn(folio);
 			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}
 
 		if (folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + 1 != folio_ref_count(folio)) {
 			result = SCAN_PAGE_COUNT;
+			failed_pfn = folio_pfn(folio);
 			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}

@@ -2773,7 +2778,7 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		}
 	}
 
-	trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_file(mm, folio, file, present, swap, result);
+	trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_file(mm, failed_pfn, file, present, swap, result);
 	return result;
 }

Sasha Levin

maintainer

2026-11-05 00:08 UTC #1 lore raw

PATCH 1/1 mm: khugepaged: fix swap entry value to folio_pfn()

From: Vernon Yang <[email protected]>

[ Upstream commit 942c8ec27aa4ffc587511650718349964e1696e6 ]