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pinctrl: renesas: rcar-gen4: Fix GPIO function on I2C-capable pins

PATCH In review Geert Uytterhoeven 2 participants 5 messages Apr 22, 2022 – May 3, 2022

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Geert Uytterhoeven

author maintainer
#0 lore raw

cover pinctrl: renesas: rcar-gen4: Fix GPIO function on I2C-capable pins

Hi all,

Configuring I2C-capable pins for GPIO may not work on R-Car V3U and S4-8, as R-Car Gen4 SoCs need additional configuration in a Module Select Register (MODSELn) register, which is currently missing from the pin control subdrivers.

Hence when using i2c-gpio instead of i2c-rcar using the commented-out patch below, I2C
- fails on the Spider development board (with R-Car S4-8), as the firmware/bootloader has configured the corresponding MODSEL bits for I2C,
- still works on the Falcon development board (with R-Car V3U), as the firmware/bootloader has configured the corresponding MODSEL bits for GPIO.
It can be made to fail by changing the MODSEL bits from U-Boot, before booting Linux:
1. Write ffff0000 to e6050800 (unlock PMMR using inverted value),
2. Write 0000ffff to e6050900 (enable I2C functions in MODSEL).

This patch series adds the missing configuration, by temporarily overriding the GP_*_FN function enums to expand to two enums: the original GP_*_FN enum to configure the GSPR register bits, and the missing FN_SEL_I2Cn_0 enum to configure the MODSEL register bits.

I picked this solution as it is simpler than the alternative, which would be:
1. Add a copy of the CPU_ALL_GP() macro to describe all GPIO pins that are not I2C-capable,
2. Add a copy of the PINMUX_DATA_GP_ALL() macro to emit mark/function

     enums in pinmux_data[] for GPIO pins that are not I2C-capable,
  3. Add a copy of the _GP_DATA() macro to emit mark/function 
     enums in pinmux_data[] for an I2C-capable GPIO pin,

4. Invoke the macro above for all I2C-capable GPIO pins.

I intend to queue this in renesas-pinctrl-for-v5.19.

Thanks for your comments!

Geert Uytterhoeven (2):
pinctrl: renesas: r8a779a0: Fix GPIO function on I2C-capable pins
pinctrl: renesas: r8a779f0: Fix GPIO function on I2C-capable pins

 drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779a0.c | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779f0.c | 21 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+)
Signature · 243 lines
2.25.1

# diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0-falcon-cpu.dtsi b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0-falcon-cpu.dtsi
# index ee81c715eb865d0e..d4fb3f122b709d2f 100644
# --- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0-falcon-cpu.dtsi
# +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0-falcon-cpu.dtsi
# @@ -170,8 +170,10 @@ &extalr_clk {
#  };
#  
#  &i2c0 {
# +#ifndef I2C_GPIO
#  	pinctrl-0 = <&i2c0_pins>;
#  	pinctrl-names = "default";
# +#endif
#  
#  	status = "okay";
#  	clock-frequency = <400000>;
# @@ -185,8 +187,10 @@ eeprom@50 {
#  };
#  
#  &i2c1 {
# +#ifndef I2C_GPIO
#  	pinctrl-0 = <&i2c1_pins>;
#  	pinctrl-names = "default";
# +#endif
#  
#  	status = "okay";
#  	clock-frequency = <400000>;
# @@ -231,8 +235,10 @@ sn65dsi86_out: endpoint {
#  };
#  
#  &i2c6 {
# +#ifndef I2C_GPIO
#  	pinctrl-0 = <&i2c6_pins>;
#  	pinctrl-names = "default";
# +#endif
#  
#  	status = "okay";
#  	clock-frequency = <400000>;
# diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0-falcon.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0-falcon.dts
# index fb10bb3626694227..12b433c2f30dd60d 100644
# --- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0-falcon.dts
# +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0-falcon.dts
# @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
#   * Copyright (C) 2020 Renesas Electronics Corp.
#   */
#  
# +#define I2C_GPIO
#  /dts-v1/;
#  #include "r8a779a0-falcon-cpu.dtsi"
#  #include "r8a779a0-falcon-csi-dsi.dtsi"
# diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0.dtsi b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0.dtsi
# index c251fdca18ab808b..dc2bbe2aa82878a4 100644
# --- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0.dtsi
# +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779a0.dtsi
# @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
#  #include <dt-bindings/clock/r8a779a0-cpg-mssr.h>
#  #include <dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/arm-gic.h>
#  #include <dt-bindings/power/r8a779a0-sysc.h>
# +#include <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h>
#  
#  / {
#  	compatible = "renesas,r8a779a0";
# @@ -438,6 +439,25 @@ tmu4: timer@ffc00000 {
#  			status = "disabled";
#  		};
#  
# +#ifdef I2C_GPIO
# +		i2c0: i2c0 {
# +			#address-cells = <1>;
# +			#size-cells = <0>;
# +			compatible = "i2c-gpio";
# +			scl-gpios = <&gpio2 2 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			sda-gpios = <&gpio2 3 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>;
# +		};
# +
# +		i2c1: i2c1 {
# +			#address-cells = <1>;
# +			#size-cells = <0>;
# +			compatible = "i2c-gpio";
# +			scl-gpios = <&gpio2 4 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			sda-gpios = <&gpio2 5 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>;
# +		};
# +#else
#  		i2c0: i2c@e6500000 {
#  			compatible = "renesas,i2c-r8a779a0",
#  				     "renesas,rcar-gen4-i2c";
# @@ -469,6 +489,7 @@ i2c1: i2c@e6508000 {
#  			#size-cells = <0>;
#  			status = "disabled";
#  		};
# +#endif
#  
#  		i2c2: i2c@e6510000 {
#  			compatible = "renesas,i2c-r8a779a0",
# @@ -534,6 +555,17 @@ i2c5: i2c@e66e0000 {
#  			status = "disabled";
#  		};
#  
# +#ifdef I2C_GPIO
# +		i2c6: i2c6 {
# +			#address-cells = <1>;
# +			#size-cells = <0>;
# +			compatible = "i2c-gpio";
# +			scl-gpios = <&gpio2 14 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			sda-gpios = <&gpio2 15 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>;
# +		};
# +
# +#else
#  		i2c6: i2c@e66e8000 {
#  			compatible = "renesas,i2c-r8a779a0",
#  				     "renesas,rcar-gen4-i2c";
# @@ -549,6 +581,7 @@ i2c6: i2c@e66e8000 {
#  			#size-cells = <0>;
#  			status = "disabled";
#  		};
# +#endif
#  
#  		hscif0: serial@e6540000 {
#  			compatible = "renesas,hscif-r8a779a0",
# diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0-spider-cpu.dtsi b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0-spider-cpu.dtsi
# index 999c823719bc0bf5..18b8da87f2b2d251 100644
# --- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0-spider-cpu.dtsi
# +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0-spider-cpu.dtsi
# @@ -32,8 +32,10 @@ &extalr_clk {
#  };
#  
#  &i2c4 {
# +#ifndef I2C_GPIO
#  	pinctrl-0 = <&i2c4_pins>;
#  	pinctrl-names = "default";
# +#endif
#  
#  	status = "okay";
#  	clock-frequency = <400000>;
# diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0-spider.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0-spider.dts
# index 2e3b719cc749492d..c12045cc8b106f6b 100644
# --- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0-spider.dts
# +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0-spider.dts
# @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
#   * Copyright (C) 2021 Renesas Electronics Corp.
#   */
#  
# +#define I2C_GPIO
#  /dts-v1/;
#  #include "r8a779f0-spider-cpu.dtsi"
#  #include "r8a779f0-spider-ethernet.dtsi"
# diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0.dtsi b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0.dtsi
# index 155a7ee8dae43454..d56e17f714f353b1 100644
# --- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0.dtsi
# +++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/r8a779f0.dtsi
# @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
#  #include <dt-bindings/clock/r8a779f0-cpg-mssr.h>
#  #include <dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/arm-gic.h>
#  #include <dt-bindings/power/r8a779f0-sysc.h>
# +#include <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h>
#  
#  / {
#  	compatible = "renesas,r8a779f0";
# @@ -164,6 +165,61 @@ sysc: system-controller@e6180000 {
#  			#power-domain-cells = <1>;
#  		};
#  
# +#ifdef I2C_GPIO
# +		i2c0: i2c0 {
# +			#address-cells = <1>;
# +			#size-cells = <0>;
# +			compatible = "i2c-gpio";
# +			scl-gpios = <&gpio1 0 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			sda-gpios = <&gpio1 1 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>;
# +		};
# +
# +		i2c1: i2c1 {
# +			#address-cells = <1>;
# +			#size-cells = <0>;
# +			compatible = "i2c-gpio";
# +			scl-gpios = <&gpio1 2 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			sda-gpios = <&gpio1 3 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>;
# +		};
# +
# +		i2c2: i2c2 {
# +			#address-cells = <1>;
# +			#size-cells = <0>;
# +			compatible = "i2c-gpio";
# +			scl-gpios = <&gpio1 4 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			sda-gpios = <&gpio1 5 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>;
# +		};
# +
# +		i2c3: i2c3 {
# +			#address-cells = <1>;
# +			#size-cells = <0>;
# +			compatible = "i2c-gpio";
# +			scl-gpios = <&gpio1 6 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			sda-gpios = <&gpio1 7 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>;
# +		};
# +
# +		i2c4: i2c4 {
# +			#address-cells = <1>;
# +			#size-cells = <0>;
# +			compatible = "i2c-gpio";
# +			scl-gpios = <&gpio1 8 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			sda-gpios = <&gpio1 9 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>;
# +		};
# +
# +		i2c5: i2c5 {
# +			#address-cells = <1>;
# +			#size-cells = <0>;
# +			compatible = "i2c-gpio";
# +			scl-gpios = <&gpio1 10 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			sda-gpios = <&gpio1 11 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH | GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>;
# +			i2c-gpio,delay-us = <5>;
# +		};
# +#else
#  		i2c0: i2c@e6500000 {
#  			compatible = "renesas,i2c-r8a779f0",
#  				     "renesas,rcar-gen4-i2c";
# @@ -265,6 +321,7 @@ i2c5: i2c@e66e0000 {
#  			#size-cells = <0>;
#  			status = "disabled";
#  		};
# +#endif
#  
#  		ufs: ufs@e6860000 {
#  			compatible = "renesas,r8a779f0-ufs";

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

						Geert

--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- [email protected]

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
							    -- Linus Torvalds
author maintainer
#1 lore raw

PATCH 1/2 pinctrl: renesas: r8a779a0: Fix GPIO function on I2C-capable pins

Unlike on R-Car Gen3 SoCs, setting a bit to zero in a GPIO / Peripheral Function Select Register (GPSRn) on R-Car V3U is not always sufficient to configure a pin for GPIO. For I2C-capable pins, the I2C function must also be explicitly disabled in the corresponding Module Select Register (MODSELn).

Add the missing FN_SEL_I2Ci_0 function enums to the pinmux_data[] array by temporarily overriding the GP_2_j_FN function enum to expand to two
enums: the original GP_2_j_FN enum to configure the GSPR register bits, and the missing FN_SEL_I2Ci_0 enum to configure the MODSEL register bits.

Fixes 741a7370fc3b8b54 ("pinctrl: renesas: Initial R8A779A0 (V3U) PFC support")
---
 drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779a0.c | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+)
drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779a0.c +29 -0
index 70551ba8b524656d..d79228d6d3c6097c 100644
@@ -615,7 +615,36 @@ enum {
 };
 
 static const u16 pinmux_data[] = {
+/* Using GP_2_[9-0] requires disabling I2C in MOD_SEL2 */
+#define GP_2_2_FN	GP_2_2_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C0_0
+#define GP_2_3_FN	GP_2_3_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C0_0
+#define GP_2_4_FN	GP_2_4_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C1_0
+#define GP_2_5_FN	GP_2_5_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C1_0
+#define GP_2_6_FN	GP_2_6_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C2_0
+#define GP_2_7_FN	GP_2_7_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C2_0
+#define GP_2_8_FN	GP_2_8_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C3_0
+#define GP_2_9_FN	GP_2_9_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C3_0
+#define GP_2_10_FN	GP_2_10_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C4_0
+#define GP_2_11_FN	GP_2_11_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C4_0
+#define GP_2_12_FN	GP_2_12_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C5_0
+#define GP_2_13_FN	GP_2_13_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C5_0
+#define GP_2_14_FN	GP_2_14_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C6_0
+#define GP_2_15_FN	GP_2_15_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C6_0
 	PINMUX_DATA_GP_ALL(),
+#undef GP_2_2_FN
+#undef GP_2_3_FN
+#undef GP_2_4_FN
+#undef GP_2_5_FN
+#undef GP_2_6_FN
+#undef GP_2_7_FN
+#undef GP_2_8_FN
+#undef GP_2_9_FN
+#undef GP_2_10_FN
+#undef GP_2_11_FN
+#undef GP_2_12_FN
+#undef GP_2_13_FN
+#undef GP_2_14_FN
+#undef GP_2_15_FN
 
 	PINMUX_SINGLE(MMC_D7),
 	PINMUX_SINGLE(MMC_D6),
Signature · 1 line
2.25.1
#2 lore raw

Re: [PATCH 1/2] pinctrl: renesas: r8a779a0: Fix GPIO function on I2C-capable pins

Quoted 6 lines · Geert Uytterhoeven

Unlike on R-Car Gen3 SoCs, setting a bit to zero in a GPIO / Peripheral Function Select Register (GPSRn) on R-Car V3U is not always sufficient to configure a pin for GPIO. For I2C-capable pins, the I2C function must also be explicitly disabled in the corresponding Module Select Register (MODSELn).

Quoted 8 lines

Add the missing FN_SEL_I2Ci_0 function enums to the pinmux_data[] array by temporarily overriding the GP_2_j_FN function enum to expand to two
enums: the original GP_2_j_FN enum to configure the GSPR register bits, and the missing FN_SEL_I2Ci_0 enum to configure the MODSEL register bits.

Fixes 741a7370fc3b8b54 ("pinctrl: renesas: Initial R8A779A0 (V3U) PFC support")

Queueing in renesas-pinctrl-for-v5.19, with the comment fixed.

drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779a0.c enum { · line 618

Quoted 7 lines
drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779a0.c +1 -0
@@ -615,7 +615,36 @@ enum {
 };
 
 static const u16 pinmux_data[] = {
+/* Using GP_2_[9-0] requires disabling I2C in MOD_SEL2 */

GP_2_[2-15]

Quoted 4 lines
drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779a0.c +4 -0
+#define GP_2_2_FN      GP_2_2_FN,      FN_SEL_I2C0_0
+#define GP_2_3_FN      GP_2_3_FN,      FN_SEL_I2C0_0
+#define GP_2_4_FN      GP_2_4_FN,      FN_SEL_I2C1_0
+#define GP_2_5_FN      GP_2_5_FN,      FN_SEL_I2C1_0

drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779a0.c enum { · line 632

Quoted 10 lines
drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779a0.c +10 -0
+#define GP_2_6_FN      GP_2_6_FN,      FN_SEL_I2C2_0
+#define GP_2_7_FN      GP_2_7_FN,      FN_SEL_I2C2_0
+#define GP_2_8_FN      GP_2_8_FN,      FN_SEL_I2C3_0
+#define GP_2_9_FN      GP_2_9_FN,      FN_SEL_I2C3_0
+#define GP_2_10_FN     GP_2_10_FN,     FN_SEL_I2C4_0
+#define GP_2_11_FN     GP_2_11_FN,     FN_SEL_I2C4_0
+#define GP_2_12_FN     GP_2_12_FN,     FN_SEL_I2C5_0
+#define GP_2_13_FN     GP_2_13_FN,     FN_SEL_I2C5_0
+#define GP_2_14_FN     GP_2_14_FN,     FN_SEL_I2C6_0
+#define GP_2_15_FN     GP_2_15_FN,     FN_SEL_I2C6_0

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

Geert

--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- [email protected]

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
-- Linus Torvalds

author maintainer
#3 lore raw

PATCH 2/2 pinctrl: renesas: r8a779f0: Fix GPIO function on I2C-capable pins

In reply to Geert Uytterhoeven

Unlike on R-Car Gen3 SoCs, setting a bit to zero in a GPIO / Peripheral Function Select Register (GPSRn) on R-Car S4-8 is not always sufficient to configure a pin for GPIO. For I2C-capable pins, the I2C function must also be explicitly disabled in the corresponding Module Select Register (MODSELn).

Add the missing FN_SEL_I2Ci_0 function enums to the pinmux_data[] array by temporarily overriding the GP_2_j_FN function enum to expand to two
enums: the original GP_2_j_FN enum to configure the GPSR register bits, and the missing FN_SEL_I2Ci_0 enum to configure the MODSEL register bits.

Fixes 030ac6d7eeff81e3 ("pinctrl: renesas: Initial R8A779F0 PFC support")
---
 drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779f0.c | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+)
drivers/pinctrl/renesas/pfc-r8a779f0.c +21 -0
index 69f3abca1e22b2b5..23676e509bba4fba 100644
@@ -254,7 +254,28 @@ enum {
 };
 
 static const u16 pinmux_data[] = {
+/* Using GP_1_[9-0] requires disabling I2C in MOD_SEL1 */
+#define GP_1_0_FN	GP_1_0_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C0_0
+#define GP_1_1_FN	GP_1_1_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C0_0
+#define GP_1_2_FN	GP_1_2_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C1_0
+#define GP_1_3_FN	GP_1_3_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C1_0
+#define GP_1_4_FN	GP_1_4_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C2_0
+#define GP_1_5_FN	GP_1_5_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C2_0
+#define GP_1_6_FN	GP_1_6_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C3_0
+#define GP_1_7_FN	GP_1_7_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C3_0
+#define GP_1_8_FN	GP_1_8_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C4_0
+#define GP_1_9_FN	GP_1_9_FN,	FN_SEL_I2C4_0
 	PINMUX_DATA_GP_ALL(),
+#undef GP_1_0_FN
+#undef GP_1_1_FN
+#undef GP_1_2_FN
+#undef GP_1_3_FN
+#undef GP_1_4_FN
+#undef GP_1_5_FN
+#undef GP_1_6_FN
+#undef GP_1_7_FN
+#undef GP_1_8_FN
+#undef GP_1_9_FN
 
 	PINMUX_SINGLE(SD_WP),
 	PINMUX_SINGLE(SD_CD),
Signature · 1 line
2.25.1
#4 lore raw

Re: [PATCH 2/2] pinctrl: renesas: r8a779f0: Fix GPIO function on I2C-capable pins

Quoted 9 lines · Geert Uytterhoeven

Unlike on R-Car Gen3 SoCs, setting a bit to zero in a GPIO / Peripheral Function Select Register (GPSRn) on R-Car S4-8 is not always sufficient to configure a pin for GPIO. For I2C-capable pins, the I2C function must also be explicitly disabled in the corresponding Module Select Register (MODSELn).

Add the missing FN_SEL_I2Ci_0 function enums to the pinmux_data[] array by temporarily overriding the GP_2_j_FN function enum to expand to two
enums: the original GP_2_j_FN enum to configure the GPSR register bits,

GP_1_j_FN

Quoted 5 lines

and the missing FN_SEL_I2Ci_0 enum to configure the MODSEL register bits.

Fixes 030ac6d7eeff81e3 ("pinctrl: renesas: Initial R8A779F0 PFC support")

queuing in renesas-pinctrl-for-v5.19, with the above fixed.

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

Geert

--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- [email protected]

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
-- Linus Torvalds