What's cooking in git.git (Nov 2026, #04)

DISCUSSION Junio C Hamano 1 participant 1 message Nov 10

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Junio C Hamano

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2026-11-10 18:19 UTC #0 lore raw

Here are the topics that have been cooking in my tree. Commits prefixed with '+' are in 'next' (being in 'next' is a sign that a topic is stable enough to be used and is a candidate to be in a future release). Commits prefixed with '-' are only in 'seen', and aren't considered "accepted" at all. Each topic is annotated with one-line comment of its status (e.g., "Waiting for response", "Will merge to 'master'") and may be annotated with URLs of messages that led to the status, but these references are by no means exhaustive. A topic without enough support may be discarded after a long period of inactivity (of course, it can be resubmitted when new interest arises).

A security release Git 2.56.1 and equivalents for older maintenance tracks have been tagged and released, and these fixes have also been merged to all the integration branches.

Copies of the source code to Git live in many repositories, and the following is a list of the ones I push into or their mirrors. Some repositories have only a subset of branches.

With maint, master, next, seen, todo:

	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/
	git://repo.or.cz/alt-git.git/
	https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/git/git/
	https://github.com/git/git/
	https://gitlab.com/git-scm/git/

With all the integration branches and topics broken out:

https://github.com/gitster/git/

Even though the preformatted documentation in HTML and man format are not sources, they are published in these repositories for convenience (replace "htmldocs" with "manpages" for the manual pages):

git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git-htmldocs.git/
https://github.com/gitster/git-htmldocs.git/

Release tarballs are available at:

https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/

--------------------------------------------------
[Graduated to 'master']

* cr/doc-gpg-ssh-key-lifetime (2026-10-29) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-02 at bda724db1d)
+ doc: gpg: say which date SSH key lifetimes are checked against

The documentation for SSH signature verification has been updated to clarify that key lifetime checks depend on spoofable dates.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* fd/check-ref-format-onelevel-tests (2026-10-29) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at cc117c8364)
+ t1402: test --no-allow-onelevel option precedence

Tests for the option precedence of '--allow-onelevel' and its negated form have been added to 'git check-ref-format', establishing the current behavior before a planned migration to the 'parse_options()' API.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* hk/test-t1467-refs-rename (2026-10-28) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-03 at 7204b09aee)
+ t/t1467: use test_must_fail in place of NOT operator

The 't1467-refs-rename.sh' test script has been updated to use the 'test_must_fail' helper instead of the '!' operator when checking for expected command failures, ensuring that crashes are not silently ignored.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* iw/connected-deepen-fetch-no-alternate-refs (2026-10-19) 2 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at 9fe72d6c2d)
+ odb: ignore refs of shallow and grafted alternates
+ connected: negate alternate refs in deepening fetches too

The post-fetch connectivity check in 'git fetch' has been corrected to avoid passing alternate refs as positive revisions during a deepening fetch, plugging a severe performance bug.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* jc/mark-static (2026-10-30) 4 commits
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-03 at 1fea0f626a)
+ unpack-trees: hide verify_uptodate()
+ read-cache: hide refresh_cache_entry()
+ add -i: hide init/clear_add_i_state() functions
+ ident: remove unused author_ident_sufficiently_given()

Various functions and data structures that no longer need to be globally visible, such as those exposed for the now-removed 'recursive' merge strategy, have been made file-scope static or removed entirely to shrink the public API surface.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* je/doc-new-git-tutorial (2026-10-30) 2 commits
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-03 at 28eda1de12)
+ doc: add new Git tutorial for beginners
+ doc: remove gittutorial

The beginner's tutorial in 'gittutorial.adoc' has been rewritten to focus on a minimal set of commands needed to create a repository, make commits, and push to a remote host, optimizing for a quick one-hour learning experience.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* kn/fetch-tag-backfill-batch-fix (2026-10-29) 3 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at dbb6507bec)
+ fetch: advertise fetched refs when backfilling tags
+ transport: add transport_options_release()
+ t5510: cover upstream info update on fetch failure

The tag backfilling negotiation in 'git fetch' has been updated to explicitly include the in-flight fetched tips as 'haves', preventing the server from resending objects when batched reference updates are used.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* mh/init-show-abspath (2026-10-27) 1 commit
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-03 at 63303464d4)
+ init: show absolute path of (re)initialized repository
+ Merge branch 'ps/odb-alternates-at-creation' into mh/init-show-abspath

The output from 'git init' has been corrected to display the absolute path of the created repository, addressing a recent regression.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* oa/bundle-uri-drop-the-repository (2026-10-29) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at 1e9fed4ae1)
+ bundle-uri: stop using the_repository

The 'bundle-uri' subsystem has been updated to stop using the global 'the_repository' variable by passing down the repository context to helper functions, allowing the removal of the 'USE_THE_REPOSITORY_VARIABLE' macro.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ot/t5300-test-path-is-file (2026-10-29) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at 499e382c9f)
+ t5300: modernize test path checks in t5300

Test updates (in 't5300') to use the 'test_path_is_file' helper for checking file existence.

Graduated to 'master'.
source: <[email protected]>

* pp/midx-write-skip-empty (2026-10-29) 1 commit
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-02 at 2afeb6d816)
+ midx-write: skip writes with no object entries

The 'git multi-pack-index write' command has been updated to silently return success when there are no object entries to index. This avoids writing empty 'multi-pack-index' layers, which previously caused subsequent incremental midx writes using the '--bitmap' option to fail when attempting to load the missing reverse index.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <auOtMGiGOvWVtkl7@com-79390>
source: <97eca05600afc5828e3f27c6fcfd3f7872ca326b.1793260625.git.pia@pierre.co>

* ps/commit-graph-cleanups (2026-10-28) 7 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-03 at 6ccffba740)
+ builtin/commit-graph: de-globalize options handling
+ builtin/commit-graph: de-globalize write options handling
+ builtin/commit-graph: simplify how we wire up common options
+ builtin/commit-graph: drop global "--object-dir=" switch
+ builtin/commit-graph: get rid of the_repository
+ builtin/commit-graph: drop declaration for read_replace_refs
+ builtin/commit-graph: rename subcommand functions (this branch is used by ps/commit-graph-write-refactor.)

Various cleanups in the 'commit-graph' builtin command, removing global state and updating to not rely on the implicit 'the_repository' variable, in preparation for making the commit-graph subsystem pluggable.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <CAOLa=ZRVhZjv3yXA76wK+fZ0o=FrwScHcT3=xJOOgYvjG6cSiQ@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/gitlab-ci-whitespace-job-shallow-clone-fix (2026-10-16) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at f64c61c70b)
+ gitlab-ci: fix "check" jobs with large merge requests

The GitLab CI configuration has been updated to disable shallow clones for the 'check-whitespace' and 'check-style' jobs by setting 'GIT_DEPTH' to 0, preventing them from failing on large merge requests that exceed the default shallow clone depth.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <CAOLa=ZTwyGnWFa4U=8UDzEUuyhQ7jT555FCh-CBp_wos9rJG9w@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/odb-object-storage-extension (2026-10-26) 7 commits
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at 32d7b72031)
+ builtin/submodule: propagate "--object-storage-format="
+ builtin/clone: introduce "--object-storage-format="
+ builtin/init: introduce handling of object storage format
+ builtin: expose the object storage format
+ setup: allow overriding object storage format via environment
+ setup: introduce object storage extension
+ loose: drop unused repo_write_loose_object_map()
+ Merge branch 'ps/setup-enforce-repo-passed-to-create-repository-has-no-state' into ps/odb-object-storage-extension
+ Merge branch 'ps/odb-files-alternates' into ps/odb-object-storage-extension
(this branch is used by ps/storage-format-improvements.)

The object storage format has been made configurable via the 'extensions.objectStorage' configuration variable, allowing users to specify the storage backend and an optional payload, mirroring the design of 'extensions.refStorage'.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <CAOLa=ZRWktyBmeeiMbPqnX_OkizqPA2mmGrnTABW7Pkk7DcKpA@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/odb-reload-alternates (2026-10-28) 6 commits
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-03 at 295bac407e)
+ odb/source-files: only reload alternates when the file has changed
+ odb/source-files: avoid stat'ing already-known alternates
+ odb/source-files: simplify directory duplication detection
+ odb/source-files: reload alternates on retry
+ odb/source-files: always load alternates via primary object directory
+ odb/source-files: rename alternates-related functions
+ Merge branch 'ps/odb-files-alternates-cleanups' into ps/odb-reload-alternates

The object database files backend has been updated to reload alternates when an object lookup fails on retry. This restores a lost capability to find objects moved to a newly added alternate during a concurrent repository rewrite, with caching and deduplication optimizations to avoid performance regressions.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <CAP8UFD2Os79AwJrFvoPti-AD=v6wDf7BVWy4o9dQxQriFD3FzQ@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <20261028-pks-odb-files-reload-alternates-v3-0-011ddb64b626@pks.im>

* ps/repo-ref-storage-format-fix (2026-10-05) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at db2983a541)
+ builtin/repo: rename "references.format" to "references.storageFormat"

The output of 'git repo info' has been updated to use 'references.storageFormat' instead of 'references.format' for consistency with recent ref-storage-format terminology updates.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <CAOLa=ZTNNY_XuixqZ96TK0zFfDpWvxSupxVGOnH1VGXK4KF_0w@mail.gmail.com> cf. <as61Dh7ui54gdzGV@denethor>
source: <[email protected]>

* sj/oss-fuzz-commit-graph-gitdir (2026-10-24) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at 485e72bba4)
+ oss-fuzz: set a gitdir in the commit-graph fuzzer

The commit-graph fuzzer has been updated to supply a placeholder '.gitdir' to the repository. This prevents early failures when prepare_repo_settings() is called, allowing the fuzzer to proceed and test optional chunks such as generation data and Bloom filters.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <CAOJ8FdeyJp4ZOfp99DBSp4brWzngdqzrkSY36ByEh=4UPw28Mg@mail.gmail.com>

* sm/prune-packed-libification (2026-10-27) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-03 at 936609cfa0)
+ prune-packed: remove USE_THE_REPOSITORY_VARIABLE

The prune_packed_objects() API and its callbacks have been updated to take a 'struct repository' pointer instead of relying on the global 'the_repository' variable, moving the subsystem closer to being fully libified.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* sp/t0001-avoid-pipe (2026-10-29) 1 commit
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at c34f3ac17b)
+ t0001: avoid pipes in test scripts

The test script 't0001-init' has been updated to avoid piping the output of 'git version' directly into 'sed', ensuring command failures are properly caught.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* tk/t0410-test-path-exists (2026-10-29) 1 commit
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-01 at d86ae8198b)
+ t0410: use test_path_exists instead of test -e

A test script has been updated to use the test_path_exists helper instead of a raw test -e command, improving diagnostic output on failure.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* tk/t5402-test-path-helper (2026-10-29) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-02 at 506a7eabc5)
+ t5402: use test_path_* helpers instead of test -e and test -f

Use of "test -e" and "! test -e" in t5402 have been updated to use test_path_exists and test_path_missing.

Graduated to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

--------------------------------------------------
[New Topics]

* jc/unpack-trees-repo (2026-11-09) 2 commits
- unpack-trees: consistently use "struct index_state *istate"
- unpack-trees: lose USE_THE_REPOSITORY

The low level functions in the unpack-trees API have been updated to rely on the repository instance pointed at by the 'struct index_state' and 'struct unpack_trees_options' variables instead of implicitly depending on the global 'the_repository'.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* bc/setup-default-hash-algo (2026-11-07) 1 commit
- setup: default hash algo to GIT_HASH_DEFAULT

The object format initialization in 'git init' has been updated to use the default hash algorithm compiled into the binary, ensuring new repositories use 'sha256' when breaking changes are enabled.

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* hs/doc-promisor-fetch-order (2026-11-08) 1 commit
- doc: describe promisor remote fetch order

The documentation on partial clone has been updated to describe the order in which promisor remotes are tried when fetching missing objects.

Will merge to 'next'?
source: <[email protected]>

* kk/test-tool-genbytes (2026-11-08) 2 commits
- t: replace "test-tool genzeros" with "genbytes 00"
- t: add "test-tool genbytes" to avoid slow tr(1) on macOS

The test helper used for generating large files with repeated bytes has been replaced with test-tool genbytes that generates them natively, bypassing slow tr performance on macOS.

Expecting a reroll.
cf. <CAL71e4Mrw2h-D+yKLVE30q-7dnkT31CVsyVmktmS9Wx6Xu6ocQ@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

--------------------------------------------------
[Stalled]

* ap/http-preserve-wwwauth-redirect (2026-08-19) 1 commit
- http: preserve wwwauth_headers across redirects

When an HTTP request triggers a redirect and the target yields an authentication challenge, the WWW-Authenticate headers received during the redirect are now explicitly preserved across the credential URL update, fixing an issue where they were incorrectly cleared.

Waiting for response for too long, stalled.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <20260819-http-preserve-wwwauth-redirect-v2-1-4c61039432b0@nvidia.com>

* vv/branch-recurse-no-start-ref (2026-08-21) 2 commits
- branch: allow recursion with no tracking name
- branch: do not track a start point with no ref

The --recurse-submodules option in 'git branch' has been fixed to avoid a crash when the start point is not a reference (e.g., a raw object ID). The creation path now skips setting up tracking and properly forwards the absent tracking name to the submodule helper.

Waiting for response.
cf. <CALnO6CAxSHWzvB+jvWw8rFXtWuj9Upv+i3g5EA_b2PkvZ=LV+A@mail.gmail.com> cf. <CALnO6CDqtVuUqm0xW7Cd=MVbDSaa0Q+T6D9rx_CL7jjUbeb=DQ@mail.gmail.com>
source: <20260822-vv-branch-recurse-no-start-ref-v1-0-46dc140acaa8@zitro.id>

* ec/commit-fixup-options (2026-09-22) 2 commits
- commit: allow -c/-C for all kinds of --fixup
- commit: allow -m/-F for all kinds of --fixup

Support for '-m', '-F', '-c', or '-C' options to supply a commit log message from outside the editor has been added for all 'git commit --fixup' variations.

Expecting a reroll for too long, stalled. cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]> cf. <auyXU7spezFBYohU@mbp>
source: <[email protected]>

* dm/libsecret-explicit-load (2026-09-27) 1 commit
- credential/libsecret: load secrets explicitly

The 'libsecret' credential helper has been updated to explicitly load secrets instead of relying on the search flag, preventing assertion failures when items are concurrently deleted or locked.

Waiting for response for too long, stalled.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* js/coverity-overflow-fixes (2026-10-13) 5 commits
- date: avoid overflow in approxidate relative-time multiplication
- git-compat-util: add signed_mult_overflows and mult_overflows macros
- wrapper: reject insanely large byte counts when reading/writing
- http: use size_t for byte position in fwrite_sha1_file
- archive-tar: guard get_path_prefix against zero-length input

Various integer overflow and bounds-checking issues reported by Coverity have been fixed, including adding robust compile-time macros for overflow detection in integer multiplication and using them to protect time offset calculations.

Waiting for response for too long, stalled.
cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* mc/repo-structure-filtering (2026-10-15) 1 commit . repo: add filtering options to "repo structure"

The 'git repo structure' command has been taught to accept standard revision arguments to filter the set of objects being counted.

Waiting for response for too long, stalled.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

--------------------------------------------------
[Cooking]

* kj/repo-info-more-path-keys (2026-11-07) 7 commits
- repo: add path.cdup
- repo: add path.git-prefix
- repo: add path.index with absolute and relative suffixes
- repo: add path.hooks with absolute and relative suffixes
- repo: add path.superproject-root with absolute and relative suffixes
- submodule: use repository to find superproject
- repo: add path.toplevel with absolute and relative suffix formatting

The 'git repo info' command has been taught more keys to output paths of various repository components (such as the working tree root, superproject working tree, object database, etc.), supporting both absolute and relative path formats.

Expecting a reroll.
cf. <CA+rGoLef6b35hjJAcO5Nm57NiyDGK-iDbWO2MUMeoKVCkbRf5A@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* jt/object-file-error-handling (2026-11-03) 2 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 49c648c8de)
+ object-file: return error on index-pack abnormal exit
+ object-file: warn on failed unlink

Error handling in the object file writing paths has been polished to properly surface failures when 'index-pack' exits abnormally, and to issue a warning rather than failing silently when the cleanup of temporary lockfiles fails.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <CAOLa=ZRvbcjRt1MNn1ssun_Sfxm4ihQ+prw3sxc7=V5FcpVkMQ@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* cu/doc-api-parse-options (2026-11-04) 1 commit
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 4d9a913f8f)
+ api-parse-options.adoc: restore a dropped word

The documentation for the parse-options API has been corrected to restore a missing word.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ta/ci-retire-cirrus-ci (2026-11-05) 1 commit
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 2e2d3c1b2f)
+ ci: delete defunct Cirrus CI configuration

The Cirrus CI configuration file has been deleted, as the service was shut down and the configuration is no longer functional.

Will merge to 'master'.
source: <[email protected]>

* tj/annotate-blame-args (2026-11-04) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at cc6f965ac2)
+ annotate: pass the arguments to blame unchanged

The git annotate command has been simplified to pass its arguments down to git blame unchanged, as the redundant string array manipulation was causing an issue with --git-completion-helper.

Will merge to 'master'.
source: <[email protected]>

* ta/command-list-guides-sync-lint (2026-10-29) 2 commits
- lint-docs: check the guide list in command-list.txt
- command-list.txt: add gitformat-loose(5) and gitpacking(7)

The manual page linter has been extended to ensure that concept guides and interface manuals listed in the documentation makefile are also properly featured in the command list.

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/ci-speedups (2026-11-09) 7 commits
- t5551: use reftables for repositories with many refs
- t1092: set up repositories from templates
- t0027: cache expected output files
- t0027: optimize how we reset repository state
- ci: build optimized binaries with Meson
- gitlab-ci: exclude intermediate outputs from Windows artifacts
- gitlab-ci: speed up installation of Git for Windows SDK

The GitLab CI and testing frameworks have been optimized to reduce execution time, bypassing some intermediate artifact extraction and redundant processes, and utilizing reftables to speed up tests dealing with large number of references.

Expecting a reroll.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* kn/parse-options-doc (2026-11-09) 1 commit
- api-parse-options: add missing flags and macros

The technical documentation for the parse-options API has been updated to include descriptions for various missing flags and macros.

Will merge to 'next'?
source: <[email protected]>

* kk/large-pack-assertions (2026-11-06) 2 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-09 at c5258f9d5a)
+ t5608: assert that the packs involved really are that large
+ unpack-objects: pass the size of a streamed blob as size_t

The 'unpack-objects' tool has been fixed to use 'size_t' instead of 'unsigned long' when streaming large blobs, preventing size truncation on Windows. The setup for 't5608' has also been updated to correctly synthesize packs larger than 2GB, with new assertions added to ensure the packs are indeed that large.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/storage-format-improvements (2026-11-05) 5 commits
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-09 at 1fa175c9b7)
+ t: allow testing with a non-default object storage format
+ builtin/rev-parse: print payload for the ref storage format
+ setup: allow speciyfing payloads with default storage formats
+ odb/files: create leading directories
+ refs: create leading directories
+ Merge branch 'ps/odb-object-storage-extension' into ps/storage-format-improvements

The handling of reference and object storage formats has been enhanced to properly support formats carrying payloads. Leading directories are now created automatically when initializing storage backends on disk, and the testing framework has been updated to allow running tests with a non-default object storage format.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <CAOLa=ZROTekhsC5g4vQKgCKg-akb4X0DMFf3bcfbO2k0uHtxsg@mail.gmail.com>
source: <20261105-pks-storage-format-improvements-v1-0-870bb4212518@pks.im>

* ik/fsmonitor-untracked-cache-trivial-response (2026-11-09) 1 commit
- fsmonitor: check the untracked cache after a trivial response

The index writer has been taught to check the untracked cache against the filesystem when an FSMonitor trivial response is received, preventing commands like 'git add' from saving a new token while leaving stale untracked cache entries intact.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* kk/connectivity-check-ignore-replace (2026-11-02) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-06 at 823f1167ae)
+ rev-list: ignore replacements in the connectivity check

The connectivity check algorithm has been updated to ignore replacement objects, aligning its behavior with operations like 'fsck' and 'pack-objects' that also require the original underlying objects to be present.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* tc/security-boundary-doc (2026-10-30) 1 commit
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-05 at 972d6e3ab6)
+ Documentation: clarify Git's security boundary

A new document, gitsecurityboundary(7), has been added to clarify the security boundaries Git guarantees and the responsibilities of the user, aiming to provide a clear reference for what constitutes a security vulnerability in Git.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* kk/quarantine-alternate-refs (2026-11-04) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 1a0e4e4d14)
+ odb: do not list our own refs as alternate refs

The object database alternate iteration code has been updated to avoid listing the repository's own refs as alternate refs. This fixes a significant performance issue where hidden refs were being loaded unnecessarily during the connectivity check in 'git-receive-pack(1)'.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* jc/freeze-repo-config-values (2026-11-02) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-06 at a26fc72ff8)
+ repo_config_values: freeze the structure for now

The 'struct repo_config_values' structure has been documented to explicitly discourage adding new members to it, pending a wider cleanup of repository configuration and settings.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* rm/http-retry-improvements (2026-11-06) 5 commits
- http: default http.retryAfter to 10 seconds
- remote-curl: retry transient HTTP errors in post_rpc()
- http: add http.retryStatusCodes config option
- http: add exponential backoff without Retry-After
- http: fix retry count and Retry-After timing

The HTTP retry mechanism has been enhanced to implement exponential backoff when a 'Retry-After' header is missing, to allow configuring additional transient HTTP status codes (like 502 or 503) for retries, and to extend these retry capabilities to HTTP POST operations such as 'git-upload-pack'.

Needs review.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <CAF+mdifT3HAw-EvSqUxQ2si6a8j+Cmj0Sri6Z1t+SWPMBXe1wA@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

* ep/pack-objects-streamed-large-blobs-fix (2026-11-01) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-06 at b0d1af577b)
+ pack-objects: use size_t for streamed large blobs

The code in 'git pack-objects' used to truncate object sizes on platforms where 'long' is 32-bit but 'size_t' is larger (like 64-bit Windows) when handling large objects exceeding 4GiB, which has been corrected by using 'size_t' and 'off_t' appropriately.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/ci-ubuntu-26.04-fixes (2026-11-01) 3 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-06 at 48352116f8)
+ ci: pin linux32 to ubuntu-24.04 to restore networking
+ install-dependencies: work around a permission problem
+ ci: use apt-get in the linux32 job

The GitHub Actions CI jobs have been updated to fix breakages caused by the move to Ubuntu 26.04 runner images, including using 'apt-get' instead of 'apt' for stable CLI output, elevating permissions when replacing system binaries, and temporarily pinning the 'linux32' job to Ubuntu 24.04 to avoid seccomp-related networking failures.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/odb-loose-stale-cache (2026-11-04) 2 commits
- odb/source-loose: fix existence checks for newly written objects
- odb/source-loose: extract logic to retrieve subdirectory bitmap

The loose object cache has been updated to track newly written loose objects to prevent stale cache entries from causing existence checks to fail, which previously caused issues when lazy-fetching missing objects during a partial clone.

Needs review.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <CAL71e4ONN4OQUZ2S==0TRWqZgA8ogT0smRL3Rk46voTm+0Tihw@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* cd/shift-root-in-graph-fix (2026-11-03) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 2ed1bc0bca)
+ graph: do not indent visual roots with columns to their right

The graph drawing logic has been updated to avoid indenting visual roots when there are columns to their right, which prevents rendering artifacts.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ds/path-walk-tagged-tree-revisit (2026-11-04) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 2bdad86c09)
+ path-walk: allow revisiting paths from tagged trees

The 'path-walk' traversal has been corrected to allow revisiting paths from tagged trees by removing processed paths from the queue suppression set, ensuring objects introduced by tagged trees at previously visited paths are no longer skipped.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <auuvwlhhRpA0T2ml@com-79390>
source: <[email protected]>

* jc/branch-doc-consistently-promote-switch (2026-11-03) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 1248b91c65)
+ branch doc: consistently promote 'switch'

The documentation for 'git branch' has been updated to consistently use 'git switch -c' instead of 'git checkout -b' in its examples, aligning with the earlier promotion of 'git switch'.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* je/doc-git-diff-examples (2026-11-09) 4 commits
- SQUASH???
- SQUASH???
- SQUASH???
- doc: git-diff: rewrite EXAMPLES section

The EXAMPLES section of the 'git diff' manual page has been rewritten to use a more readable cheat-sheet format, incorporating commonly used examples while preserving historical examples.

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* oa/negotiator-default-no-the-repository (2026-11-03) 1 commit
- negotiator/default: stop using the_repository

The default fetch negotiator has been updated to stop relying on the global 'the_repository' variable and instead use the repository context passed during its initialization.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/commit-graph-write-refactor (2026-11-04) 10 commits
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at bbb65f01a6)
+ commit-graph: modernize function names
+ odb/source-files: verify commit-graphs as part of fsck
+ builtin/commit-graph: set flags directly
+ commit-graph: fix mixup of write/verify flags
+ commit-graph: move remaining write parameters into options
+ commit-graph: merge the two commit graph writers
+ commit-graph: drop redundant flags in write context
+ commit-graph: drop NULL checks for write options
+ commit-graph: pass writer flags via options
+ commit-graph: rename struct commit_graph_opts
+ Merge branch 'ps/commit-graph-cleanups' into ps/commit-graph-write-refactor

Various refactoring patches around the commit-graph writing code have been applied to modernize interfaces and consolidate parameters into a single options structure, in preparation for pluggable commit-graph backends.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <CAL71e4N4BvO=eMfO0wnJ9=gGbfTRz5ayWFZULoN1dGSF7uCZAA@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <20261104-pks-commit-graph-write-refactorings-v1-0-d013d9401a59@pks.im>

* tc/push-multiple-force-with-lease (2026-11-04) 1 commit
- push: fix --force-with-lease forwarding in push_multiple()

The forwarding of the '--force-with-lease' option when pushing to a remote group has been fixed to ensure that both bare '--force-with-lease' and '--force-with-lease=<ref>:' forms are correctly passed to the underlying push commands.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/ccache-sloppiness-for-pch (2026-10-29) 1 commit
- Makefile: let ccache cache objects built with the precompiled header

The build procedure using GNU Make has been updated to export the 'CCACHE_SLOPPINESS' variable with 'pch_defines' and 'time_macros' when the precompiled header is in use, which allows 'ccache' to actually cache the objects built with it.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* jc/doc-gitignore-wildcard (2026-11-03) 1 commit
- gitignore: rewrite wildcard description

The documentation for '.gitignore' has been updated to clarify how wildcard characters like the asterisk and question mark behave, without relying on external references to the fnmatch(3) or glob(7) manuals.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/grep-recurse-submodules-fix (2026-11-03) 3 commits
- builtin/grep: read ".gitmodules" via passed-in repository
- builtin/grep: read sparse directory trees via passed-in repository
- builtin/grep: read submodule trees via their repository

A regression where 'git grep --recurse-submodules' failed to read nested trees in a submodule has been fixed by passing the correct repository context pointer instead of relying on the global 'the_repository' variable. Additional latent bugs where grep_cache() and grep_objects() incorrectly referenced the global state have also been corrected.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/remote-simple-push-triangular (2026-10-31) 2 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-04 at 3d87058231)
+ remote: resolve "simple" @{push} when pushing to another remote
+ remote: move "simple" @{push} resolution into a helper

The 'simple' push resolution in 'git rev-parse @{push}' has been updated to mirror the behavior of 'git push'. When the configured push remote differs from the fetch remote, it now resolves to the branch of the same name on the push remote instead of failing.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* jk/test-env-quoting-fix (2026-10-30) 1 commit
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-04 at a009c20290)
+ t5702: be more resilient to env quoting

Tests in 't5702' that grep the output of 'env' to check for the 'GIT_PROTOCOL' environment variable have been updated to explicitly echo the variable instead, making them resilient to quoting changes introduced in newer GNU coreutils.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* lt/describe-commit-date-skew (2026-10-30) 1 commit
- describe: count the distance correctly when commit dates are skewed

'git describe' has been taught to use commit generation numbers when available to accurately calculate commit distance even when commit dates are skewed.

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <CAHk-=wh6X3V49_RmYadHe-9+vEML1jDp2coy2YGBzrDqyDF1rg@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <CAL71e4PqEQkGoont3tL5wJWd1_itsaaxfX+DOkLj64x-S7xR1A@mail.gmail.com> cf. <CAL71e4Pp=rZSKd+vC9anjEVHS=a6DOoK-HC_Z+3vDaqjo0+6+Q@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* oa/range-diff-repo (2026-10-29) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-04 at ab1018250d)
+ range-diff: use diffopt->repo instead of the_repository

The 'range-diff' command has been updated to use the repository context pointer from 'diff_options' instead of relying on the global 'the_repository' and 'the_hash_algo' variables, as part of the libification effort.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* tb/merge-ort-valueless-rename-config (2026-10-31) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-04 at 345086619a)
+ merge-ort: accept rename settings given without a value

The configuration parsing in the 'merge-ort' backend has been updated to accept valueless settings for 'diff.renames', 'merge.renames', and 'merge.directoryRenames', which are now properly treated as true.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* sp/submodule-abbrev-fix (2026-11-04) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 73c6a1638b)
+ submodule: use the submodule repository to abbreviate commits

The abbreviation of commit IDs in submodule diff headers has been corrected to use the submodule's object database instead of the superproject's, avoiding potential ambiguity.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ep/pack-objects-streamed-large-blobs (2026-11-01) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-04 at 1e64290722)
+ pack-objects: use size_t for streamed large blobs

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ta/cg-require-perl-5.26.0 (2026-11-05) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 11baaac028)
+ CodingGuidelines: update the required Perl version

CodingGuidelines has been updated to state that Perl 5.26.0 is required these days, which is the case since late 2024.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* sa/submodule-root-relative-url (2026-10-26) 2 commits
- SQUASH??? test number conflict resolution
- submodule: make '^/' work like '../' but with an absolute path

A new ^/ URL syntax has been introduced for submodules to specify paths relative to the superproject's remote's server root, allowing submodules to remain reachable when the superproject is forked into a subgroup or different hierarchy depth.

Waiting for response.
cf. <CA+P7+xo8J_+3QECoGHnN1AxXPpjaKaHp3VoN9EEcyhZ+Q1fzew@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/rerere-subcommands (2026-11-06) 12 commits
- builtin/rerere: introduce proper usage strings for subcommands
- builtin/rerere: use OPT_SUBCOMMAND()
- builtin/rerere: turn "gc" into a proper subcommand
- builtin/rerere: turn "diff" into a proper subcommand
- builtin/rerere: turn "remaining" into a proper subcommand
- builtin/rerere: turn "status" into a proper subcommand
- builtin/rerere: turn "clear" into a proper subcommand
- builtin/rerere: turn "forget" into a proper subcommand
- builtin/rerere: stop passing flags to subcommands that ignore them
- builtin/rerere: drop the_repository
- rerere: convert flags into an enum
- rerere: rename repo_rerere()
- Merge branch 'ps/rerere-remove-global-state' into ps/rerere-subcommands

The subcommand parsing of 'git rerere' has been converted to use the standard 'OPT_SUBCOMMAND()' API, removing custom ad-hoc parsing logic and bringing it in line with other Git commands.

Expecting a reroll.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* sm/test-chmtime-parse-options (2026-11-02) 1 commit
- test-chmtime: use parse_options() to parse command-line flags

The 'test-chmtime' test helper has been updated to use the standard 'parse_options()' API for command-line argument parsing, simplifying the code and standardizing option handling.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* jk/unit-tests-via-test-lib (2026-10-27) 8 commits
- test-lib: drop the shell JUnit XML reporting code
- test-tool: drop the run-command testsuite mode
- t: drop redundant unit-test invocations
- t: run clar unit tests through test-lib.sh
- test-lib: allow an external program to supply TAP output
- test-lib: stop inventing a JUnit testcase for empty suites
- test-lib: drop unused test_external_has_tap variable
- unit-tests: report the correct unexpected argument

The unit-test execution has been refactored to run inside a regular 'test-lib.sh' shell script, which allows unit tests to benefit from standard test setup like sanitizer options and logging. The test suite's interaction with external TAP generators and JUnit XML reporting has also been cleaned up and simplified.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* ps/ci-consolidate-test-variables (2026-11-02) 7 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-05 at dbb1431606)
+ ci: don't override initial branch name in testbed job
+ ci/lib: add another NO_RUST build using glibc
+ t: honor default ref storage format
+ ci/lib: merge switches for specific job names
+ ci/lib: deduplicate test variables by pattern matching
+ ci/lib: always set GIT_TEST_USE_SET_E on Linux jobs
+ ci: consolidate setup of test environment

The test environment setup in the CI scripts has been consolidated and deduplicated to remove redundancies and simplify test flag management.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <20261102-b4-pks-ci-test-vars-consolidation-v2-0-a5485c437c62@pks.im>

* hn/reflog-operations (2026-11-07) 2 commits
- pretty: add %gb to name the branch of each reflog entry
- reflog: name the strings that mark switches, renames and rebase steps

The 'git reflog' and 'git log -g' commands have learned the '%gb' format placeholder, which decorates each reflog entry with the name of the branch HEAD was on when the entry was recorded, parsing the historical branch name even during a rebase.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* iy/sigchain-recover-concurrent-pops (2026-10-16) 1 commit
- sigchain: recover from concurrent double-pops of the same signal

The signal handler chaining mechanism has been updated to recover from concurrent deliveries of the same signal to multiple threads, which previously could corrupt the handler stack and cause the process to enter an infinite loop.

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ms/reftable-alloc-size-truncation (2026-10-21) 2 commits
- reftable/basics: widen allocation size arguments to uintmax_t
- Makefile: build the reftable record unit tests

The allocation size validation and memory allocation functions in the reftable backend have been updated to use 'uintmax_t' for their size and element count arguments. This prevents wide values from being truncated to 'size_t' on 32-bit platforms before the allocation size overflow check is performed.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* sp/t2030-modernize-test-path-checks (2026-10-17) 1 commit
- t2030: modernize test path checks

A test script has been modernized to use 'test_path_is_file' and 'test_path_is_missing' helpers.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ak/root-refs-vs-pseudorefs (2026-11-06) 5 commits
- t: stop calling root refs pseudorefs
- refs: stop calling root refs pseudorefs
- doc: stop calling root refs pseudorefs
- doc: glossary: update per-worktree refs
- doc: glossary: add root ref and clarify pseudorefs

The terminology in the documentation and tests has been updated to consistently distinguish between root refs (like 'HEAD' and 'ORIG_HEAD' that are stored in the ref backends) and pseudorefs (like 'FETCH_HEAD' and 'MERGE_HEAD' that are not).

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* jt/tmp-objdir-loose-idx-merge (2026-10-29) 4 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-06 at 2af75d5b30)
+ tmp-objdir: merge loose object index when migrating tmpdir
+ loose: lift loose object index writing logic into helper
+ loose: lift loose object index parsing logic into helper
+ loose: use finite timeout when locking "loose-object-idx" file

The temporary object directory migration logic, used for batch fsyncing, has been updated to correctly merge the loose object index file ('loose-object-idx') when migrating to the primary object directory, fixing a migration failure when a compatibility hash is enabled.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <CAOLa=ZRBdgNZ2D9B2ZFhMAOJc11ENZCcw2a7NhKtkv07t4VE-Q@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

* ag/reflog-count-plural (2026-10-24) 1 commit
- object-name: use Q_() for the reflog entry count

The error message given when a reflog entry is requested that is out of bounds has been updated to use the pluralized translation function, Q_().

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* oa/checkout-wo-the-repository (2026-11-04) 2 commits
- checkout: pass the repository to unique_tracking_name()
- remote: add repo_for_each_remote()

The unique_tracking_name() function in checkout.c was the only function that still assumed it works on 'the_repository'; the function and its dependencies have been updated to take an instance of 'struct repository' to work on an arbitrary repository.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* tj/drop-no-parseopt (2026-11-05) 3 commits
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at ac555242d0)
+ t0012: catch builtins that keep NO_PARSEOPT after conversion
+ git.c: drop NO_PARSEOPT from builtins that use parse-options
+ parse-options: answer --git-completion-helper before command runs

The 'NO_PARSEOPT' macro has been removed from a few commands that have migrated to use the parse_options() API, so that they will be included in the output of 'git --list-cmds=parseopt' for shell completion, and 'git fast-import' has been updated to handle shell completion requests without blocking on standard input.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* sp/diff-delta-safe-arithmetic (2026-10-27) 1 commit
- diff-delta: use safe integer arithmetic

The integer arithmetic used to compute the memory allocation size for the delta index has been updated to use safe helpers. While current limits prevent wrap-around on 32-bit platforms, this provides defensive hardening.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* ch/remote-defer-follow-remote-head-validation (2026-10-24) 2 commits
- SQUASH??? factor out parsing of follow-remote-head-raw into a helper
- remote.c: defer remote.<name>.followRemoteHEAD validation

The configuration validation for 'remote.<name>.followRemoteHEAD' has been deferred from parse time to execution time, preventing commands that do not use the setting (like 'git push' or 'git remote -v') from emitting spurious warnings about unrecognized values.

Expecting a reroll.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <CAHeTm9NOqLA=BfTU9ABDFt8+jOzaRDPRrMNP8thzAQN2NVZAew@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* tc/test-greplint-in-chainlint (2026-10-24) 4 commits
- t/chainlint: add --greplint to run greplint
- t/greplint: move parsing and token check to library
- t/greplint: skip test bodies without the word grep
- t/interop: replace bare grep with test_grep

The 'test-lint' target in the test suite has been optimized. The parsing effort of test scripts is now amortized by having the 'chainlint' script perform 'greplint' checks during its tokenization phase, significantly speeding up the linting process.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* os/rebase-doc-incompatible-options (2026-11-01) 1 commit
- doc: git-rebase: update incompatible options

Outdated cross-references to the 'INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS' section in the 'git rebase' documentation have been removed, and a missing one for the '--onto' option has been added.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* jc/config-honor-file-permission (2026-10-26) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at ea67756e9c)
+ config: honor file permission bits

The configuration file writing machinery has been updated to inspect the permission bits of the original configuration file and refrain from overwriting a read-only file using its lockfile renaming mechanism.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* tb/negotiator-skipping-parse-parents (2026-10-26) 2 commits
- negotiator/skipping.c: parse parents before queueing
- negotiator/default.c: mark commits seen only after parsing

The default and skipping fetch negotiators have been updated to parse parent commits before adding them to the priority queue. This ensures they are sorted by actual commit date rather than being delayed as old commits, and leaves unparsable commits out of the priority queue without incorrectly marking them as seen.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* ag/fsck-connectivity-count (2026-10-20) 1 commit
- fsck: report the real object count in the connectivity message
- Merge branch 'ag/fsck-connectivity-msg-i18n' into ag/fsck-connectivity-count

The verbose "Checking connectivity" message in 'git fsck' has been updated to report the actual number of objects instead of the size of the object hash bucket array.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/fetch-shallow-v2-fix (2026-10-20) 1 commit
- upload-pack: fix slow fetches from a shallow repository

The server-side computation of shallow boundaries for a protocol v2 fetch from a shallow repository has been optimized by directly sending all known shallow roots, avoiding expensive commit history walks and matching protocol v0 behavior. Additionally, local commit history traversal for 'git fetch --unshallow' has been corrected to visit each commit exactly once, preventing hangs on repositories with long histories.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* rk/mktree-batch-tests (2026-10-20) 1 commit
- t1010: add basic tests for mktree --batch

Basic tests for the batch mode of 'git mktree' have been added.

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* cc/pack-index-v3 (2026-10-23) 13 commits
- doc: move pack index v3 documentation
- packfile: allow looking up compat object IDs in packs
- loose: map object IDs using pack index v3
- packfile: validate pack index v3 tables
- packfile: add support for reading pack index v3
- object-file: handle compatibility algorithm
- builtin: populate pack index v3 fields when indexing
- pack-write: add support for pack index v3
- object-file-convert: implement mapping in terms of object DB
- odb: implement interoperability functions
- loose: add a flag to control whether we write mapped OIDs
- loose: rename repo_add_loose_object_map
- loose: allow looking up in object map with source

The third part of the SHA-1/SHA-256 interoperability work has been added, implementing support for reading and writing pack index v3. This allows packed objects to be mapped between hash algorithms by storing object IDs in both the main and compatibility hash algorithms.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* ep/status-missing-upstream (2026-10-21) 1 commit
- status: reword message for a missing upstream branch

The message given by 'git status' and 'git checkout' when the upstream branch does not exist has been reworded to explicitly say so, and to suggest running 'git push' if pushing would create it, instead of claiming that the upstream is gone.

Needs review.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/imap-send-header-fix (2026-11-01) 4 commits
- imap-send: match header names case insensitively
- imap-send: check git send-email copies like other messages
- imap-send: accept messages with Subject before Date
- imap-send: wait for the tunnel command to finish

The 'git imap-send' command has been updated to accept message headers in any order and to match header names case-insensitively, allowing it to properly process messages saved by 'git send-email'. A memory leak in the IMAP tunnel initialization has also been plugged.

Needs review.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/status-compare-branches-default (2026-10-25) 1 commit
- status: compare against both upstream and push branch by default

The default behavior of 'git status' has been updated to compare the current branch against both its upstream and push tracking counterparts. This makes it easier for users with triangular workflows to see all relevant comparisons without needing to configure 'status.compareBranches'.

Needs review.
cf. <CALnO6CBD2aGg_wDZZsT-mWJ99MXYUycx32JfsK8zJXfcmjTBDw@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

* jg/t3429-test-path-is-file (2026-10-21) 1 commit
- t3429: use test_path_is_file helper

A test script has been modernized to use 'test_path_is_file' instead of 'test -e' to verify the existence of a file.

Waiting for response.
cf. <CAPSxiM9SuRiRA6Xixp_zx=fFf_a6S8Mp327FP82Pg7mJdzQ3Kw@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/branch-delete-merged-squash (2026-11-01) 4 commits
- branch: let --delete-integrated find branches merged onto changed files
- branch: add --delete-integrated to delete rebase and squash merged branches
- branch: let delete_branches() name where a branch landed
- branch: move the deleteMerged opt-out check into a helper

A new '--delete-integrated' option has been added to 'git branch' to find and remove branches whose work has been squash-merged or rebase-merged into the upstream, by comparing the blobs of changed files.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* oa/merge-blobs-stop-using-the-repository (2026-10-17) 1 commit
- merge-blobs: stop using the_repository

The merge-blobs subsystem has been updated to remove its reliance on the global the_repository variable by threading the repository context available from the index_state down to its helper functions.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <CAPSxiM-OyrVEzYgja0nwa8PikfU1WpsCYbiNiXpcxb4TM4=mOA@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ss/t2403-modernize-test-d (2026-10-15) 1 commit
- t2403: modernize test for directory existence

The test for worktree removal in 't/t2403-worktree-move.sh' has been modernized to use the 'test_path_is_dir' helper instead of the raw 'test -d' shell command.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <CAPSxiM_gCkW3gvgF-ebK64bUS5za9CQgTFLAn-PnHS12o4afbA@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

* tb/sideband-skip-unrecognized-allow-control-characters (2026-10-16) 1 commit
- sideband: skip unrecognized allowControlCharacters keywords

The configuration parser for 'sideband.allowControlCharacters' has been updated to correctly advance past unrecognized values, preventing an infinite loop when an unknown control character keyword is encountered.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ak/pretty-wrap-fix (2026-10-17) 1 commit
- pretty: fix lost indent after newline in %w()

The string-wrapping logic used by the '%w()' formatting directive has been corrected to stop skipping a whitespace character that immediately follows a hard line break.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* dt/t0410-missing-tree-test (2026-10-20) 2 commits
- t0410: keep git's exit code in test_grep calls
- t0410: use rev-parse to get the subtree OID

The missing-tree test in 't0410' has been cleaned up to avoid dropped exit codes and hardcoded assumptions about the length of object names.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* yn/worktree-repair-fix (2026-10-17) 5 commits
- worktree repair: avoid breaking unrelated .git file and gitdir
- worktree repair: reduce .git file reads
- worktree repair: use read_gitfile_raw() in infer_backlink()
- worktree repair: centralize inferred backlink selection
- worktree repair: align .git file handling with repair_gitfile()

The 'git worktree repair' command learned to thoroughly validate the worktree ID and the inferred gitdir pathway, preventing it from corrupting unrelated '.git' files and gitdirs when repositories and their linked worktrees are moved or swapped.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* mv/log-follow-speedup (2026-11-09) 5 commits
- log: speed up --follow following renames for non-linear history
- log: simplify --follow following renames for non-linear history
- log: fix -m --follow losing the history of later parents
- log: extract showing the remerge/combined diff of a merge commit
- t4219: test more --follow cases across merges

The rename detection logic in 'git log --follow' across non-linear history has been optimized by checking for unmodified paths in parents first, while safely falling back to rename detection when a path is absent, resolving a performance regression.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* oa/merge-without-the-repository (2026-10-15) 1 commit
- merge: stop using the_repository

The 'merge.c' code has been updated to eliminate its reliance on the global 'the_repository' and 'the_hash_algo' variables by passing down the repository context already available to its entry points.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <CAPSxiM_2Dd86rBKPj7jaT8Wmazo3PFZajJaaL2bVhB1GFsfnbg@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* vs/refs-seek-fix (2026-10-15) 1 commit
- refs: fix loose-ref seeking across directory boundaries

The logic to seek through loose references across directory boundaries has been corrected by including the trailing slash when comparing directory components, and by properly adjusting the iterator position when leaf entries sort either strictly before or after the seek point.

Waiting for response.
cf. <CAFuK-oarU1rZOcDzYr=YA1SNvfAzyB6LaXXCjtZV6WWGswOnyw@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ab/describe-no-i18n-of-debug-messages (2026-10-16) 1 commit
- describe: do not translate --debug output

The debug output of 'git describe' has been updated not to localize the output to make it more helpful for developers.

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* je/doc-detached-head (2026-10-16) 2 commits
- SQUASH???
- doc: checkout: rewrite detached HEAD state explanation

The description of the detached HEAD state in 'git help checkout' has been updated and moved to a standalone guide to make it easier for users to understand and reference.

Needs review.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* js/doc-test-fix-anti-pattern (2026-10-11) 1 commit (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 9ff0977a2f)
+ SubmittingPatches: avoid add-failing-test-then-fix anti-pattern

The 'SubmittingPatches' document has been updated to discourage the anti-pattern of adding a failing test in one commit and fixing it in a subsequent one, advising contributors to combine the test and fix into a single commit for easier review

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* js/push-refspec-match-speedup (2026-10-13) 12 commits
- remote: use strmap for apply_push_cas()
- remote: restructure apply_push_cas() loops
- t/perf: measure --force-with-lease in p5516
- remote: use strmap for match_explicit_refs()
- remote: reject duplicate destinations on an empty remote
- t5408: check refspec order with distinct destinations
- t5408, t5410: test duplicate updates without relying on the client
- send-pack: plug leak upon match_push_refs failure
- remote: use strmap for check_push_refs()
- refs: stop using mkpath() in refname_match()
- t/perf: add explicit delete refspec matching test
- remote: validate --force-with-lease <refname> argument

The client-side refspec matching during 'git push' has been optimized by replacing linear traversals with string map lookups, speeding up pushes with lots of delete refspecs against a server with many advertised refs.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* bb/imap-send-openssl-set-verify (2026-10-17) 3 commits
- imap-send: prepare for OpenSSL 4.0
- imap-send: let OpenSSL do the hostname verification
- imap-send: use the recommended TLS_method()

imap-send used to use hand coded peer hostname verification, which has been replaced with the native API OpenSSL offered since version 1.1.0.

Waiting for response.
cf. <CABtdbsnrQ61eJv4GhawiFSHkN01tJhV5tYj8MNQT8F3zf3PgYw@mail.gmail.com> cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* cs/read-cache-conversion-size (2026-10-13) 1 commit
- read-cache: do not trust a size change when conversion is active

The index refresh logic has been updated to no longer trust a file size change as conclusive proof of modification when the path is subject to conversion, preventing false dirty statuses for files with only line-ending changes.

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <20261020205644.GB6367@tb-raspi4>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* jw/wait-for-index-lock (2026-10-17) 4 commits
- reset: fix write race
- commit: fix write race
- repository: add core.indexLockTimeout
- repository: add repo_try_hold_locked_index()

A new configuration variable 'core.indexLockTimeout' has been introduced to allow commands to retry when the index file is locked by another process, and 'git commit' has been updated to take advantage of this feature.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* mf/complete-log-graph-indent (2026-11-02) 1 commit
- completions: add some missing options for git log

The command line completion script (in contrib/) has been taught to complete the '--[no-]graph-indent' and '--graph-lane-limit' options of 'git log'.

Will merge to 'next'?
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <5735bacbd5c2c48eddafb43f75f7ddcdf402ff17.1793656021.git.mroik@delayed.space>

* qs/repack-kept-pack-fix (2026-10-26) 3 commits
- repack: tell pack-objects which packs it may delete
- pack-objects: add --ignore-pack-keep-from
- pack-objects: reset kept-pack cache for cruft walk

The behavior of 'git repack' and 'git pack-objects' has been updated to avoid losing objects to a '.keep' file that appears mid-run. 'git repack' now tells 'git pack-objects' which packs may be deleted via a new '--ignore-pack-keep-from' option, allowing it to ignore their '.keep' files.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/status-push-rebased-on-newer-upstream (2026-10-06) 6 commits
- push: suggest a force push after a clean rebase
- push: offer a force push after rewriting pushed commits
- push: name the branch to pull from when it is not the upstream
- status: suggest a force push after a clean rebase
- status: say when the push branch was rebased cleanly
- status: count push divergence outside the upstream

The 'git status' output and 'git push' rejection advice have been improved to recognize when a pushed branch was cleanly rebased onto a newer upstream, and now correctly suggest force-pushing instead of pulling.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* pw/stash-change-check-only-once (2026-10-23) 7 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-06 at f14c7472db)
+ stash: simplify reset_tree() function signature
+ stash create: remove unnecessary index load and refresh
+ stash create: rework temporary index creation
+ stash push: avoid duplicate calls to preload_index()
+ stash push: remove duplicate changes detection
+ stash create: remove duplicate changes detection
+ stash: use an enum for create status

The index loading and refreshing logic in 'git stash create' and 'git stash push' has been optimized by eliminating redundant change detection checks and preload_index() calls, saving several lstat() calls per changed path.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* tb/repack-cruft-less-midx-corner-cases (2026-09-30) 8 commits (merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at 47008bae94)
+ repack: include required packs in incremental MIDX writes
+ repack: defer allocating the append plan's write step
+ repack: track the preferred pack explicitly in MIDX write steps
+ repack: follow kept packs when omitting cruft from the MIDX
+ repack: use a sorted list for explicitly kept packs
+ repack: retain cruft packs in MIDXs after incremental repacks
+ pack-objects: ensure tree/tag closure with '--stdin-packs=follow'
+ pack-objects: introduce stdin_packs_context struct

Various corner cases in the cruft-less MIDX feature have been fixed to ensure reachability closure when writing reachability bitmaps, such as properly retaining cruft packs after incremental repacks or when containing kept packs.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/fetch-refmap (2026-10-30) 6 commits
- remote: resolve @{push} through remote.<name>.fetchRefmap
- remote: default to --limited-fetch in a shallow repository
- remote: add "git remote add --limited-fetch"
- fetch: infer branches to fetch from a refmap-only remote
- fetch: extract collect_upstream_from_remote() helper
- fetch: add remote.<name>.fetchRefmap

In a shallow repository, adding a new remote and fetching from it used to eagerly fetch all remote branches. The default refspec configured for remotes added in shallow repositories has been changed to rely on 'remote.<name>.fetchRefmap' rather than 'remote.<name>.fetch', pulling only those remote branches tracked by local branches.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* td/ls-files-untracked-cache (2026-10-23) 3 commits
- ls-files: use and update the untracked cache
- dir: share untracked caches across output modes
- dir: hash ignore files before appending newline

The git ls-files command has been optimized to reuse and populate the untracked cache for the working tree, and untracked cache implementations have been updated to share identical caches across -unormal and -uall outputs, avoiding redundant filesystem traversals.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* tc/push-force-if-includes-fixes (2026-10-18) 3 commits
- push: --force-if-includes should allow fast-forward
- push: fix --force-if-includes non-branch advice
- push: check pushed ref for --force-if-includes

The '--force-if-includes' protection for 'git push' has been updated to consult the reflog of the local branch being pushed, rather than incorrectly checking the reflog of a local branch that shares the name of the remote destination branch. The push advice for detached HEAD scenarios has also been adjusted to indicate that the remote ref cannot be verified locally. A bug that caused perfectly valid fast-forward pushes to be rejected when reflogs were expired has been fixed.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

* cc/early-scan-options (2026-11-02) 4 commits
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-06 at fff9cac6d4)
+ fast-import: use early_scan_options() for --allow-unsafe-features
+ parse-options: add early_scan_options()
+ parse-options: extract lookup_long_opt() from parse_long_opt()
+ parse-options: add parse_options_takes_argument()

The process of parsing command-line options in commands that perform an early scan over their arguments has been unified using a new early-scan sub-API. The 'git fast-import' command has been converted to use this API, safely parsing and skipping known options taking separate values to prevent logic bugs.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ll/doc-pushcert-if-asked (2026-08-29) 1 commit
(merged to 'next' on 2026-11-08 at c7cc8a1a0b)
+ doc: remote-helpers: option pushcert if-asked

The remote helper documentation for the 'pushcert' option has been updated to mention that it can also take 'if-asked', reflecting the existing implementation in the code.

Will merge to 'master'.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* dw/config-read-both-global (2026-10-09) 2 commits
- config: read global scope via config_sequence
- t1300: test list with missing global config

The 'git config --global' read operations have been updated to respect both '$HOME/.gitconfig' and '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config', fixing an inconsistency where only the former was read when both configuration files are present.

Waiting for response.
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <20261009-fix-config-list-global-home-and-xdg-v3-0-f936b9c8a0cc@microsoft.com>

* bc/restrict-hex-to-lowercase (2026-09-07) 7 commits
- hex: allow only lowercase object IDs in breaking changes mode
- t5324: adjust tests for corrupt commit-graph
- object-name: use hexval
- hex: label usages of hex parsing for object IDs
- hex: make hex_to_bytes accept kind of hex to use
- hex: allow specifying hex type with hex2chr
- hex: add functionality for lowercase-only hex

The parser for hex object names has been updated to reject uppercase hexadecimal characters when running in the breaking changes mode, in preparation for Git 3.0.

Needs review.
source: <[email protected]>

--------------------------------------------------
[Discarded]

Many of these topics were picked up prematurely but did not prove ready for inclusion, and will be removed. They can be resubmit if they gained enough interest and showed good fit to the system in the future, unless noted otherwise.

* ds/fsmonitor-invalidate-untracked (2026-11-04) 1 commit . fsmonitor: invalidate untracked cache after losing history

The 'fsmonitor' integration with the untracked cache has been updated to fully invalidate the untracked cache when 'fsmonitor' loses its event history. This prevents stale untracked cache entries from being incorrectly trusted when 'fsmonitor' is later re-enabled.

Retracted use ik/fsmonitor-untracked-cache-trivial-response instead. cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* am/p4-apply-commit-shell-injection-fix (2026-09-24) 1 commit . git-p4: avoid shell interpretation of commit ids in applyCommit

The applyCommit() function inside 'git-p4.py' has been updated to use direct subprocess pipes in order to avoid shell interpolation, plugging a potential shell injection vulnerability when processing commit IDs.

Will discard, as it has been stalled without much interest. cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* hn/shallow-history-advice (2026-09-23) 1 commit . object-name: explain why <rev>~N fails in a shallow clone

Advice is provided when '~<n>' or '^<n>' resolves to a commit whose parents are missing due to the repository being a shallow clone, replacing an unhelpful 'not a commit' error.

Will discard, as it has been stalled without much interest.
source: <[email protected]>

* mc/refs-hook-report-old-values (2026-09-24) 1 commit . refs: report old values to transaction hooks

The 'reference-transaction' hook has been updated to report the observed old object IDs and symref targets for unconditional ref updates and deletions, instead of reporting the null object ID.

Will discard, as it has been stalled without much interest.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <2af3eeadd18806c5298d53072428656885cff89d.1790269745.git.maciej.ciemborowicz@gmail.com>

* hn/range-diff-matched-only (2026-09-15) 1 commit . range-diff: add --matched-only to skip one-sided commits

The 'git range-diff' command has been augmented with a '--matched-only' option to skip commits that are only present on one side, allowing users to easily focus on only the commits that have been retained.

Will discard, as it has been stalled without much interest. cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* kh/format-rev-more-options (2026-08-18) 5 commits . format-rev: learn --abbrev, --color, and --date . doc: rev-list-options.adoc: factor out --date alts . format-rev: factor option variables into a struct . format-rev: place BUG calls first in callback . format-rev: use lower case for opts description

The experimental 'git format-rev' has been taught a few more formatting options.

Will discard, as it has been stalled without much interest. cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* pz/fetch-submodule-errors-config (2026-07-16) 2 commits
. fetch: add fetch.submoduleErrors to make submodule fetch errors non-fatal . submodule: fix premature failure in recursive submodule fetch

The 'git fetch' command can now configure how submodule fetch errors are handled via 'fetch.submoduleErrors' and '--submodule-errors', making them non-fatal. A premature failure during recursive submodule fetches has been fixed by deferring the error until the OID-based retry phase fails.

Will discard, as it has been stalled without much interest. cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* mm/line-log-limited-ops (2026-09-02) 7 commits
. diffcore-pickaxe: limit -G to the -L tracked range
. diff: support --check with -L line ranges
. diff: support stat formats with -L
. diff: extract a line-range diff helper for reuse
. diff: emit -L hunk headers via xdiff's formatter
. diff: simplify the line-range filter by classifying removals immediately . diff: rename line-range filter struct and clarify fields (this branch is used by mm/diff-process-hunks.)

The 'git log -L<range>:<path>' command has been taught to limit various 'diff' operations, such as '--stat', '--check', and '-G', to the specified range and path.

Will discard, as it has been stalled without much interest. cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* ws/squelch-svn-migrate (2026-08-27) 2 commits
. Makefile: add NO_GIT_SVN knob to skip building/installing git-svn . git-svn: don't print v1-layout migration noise when there's nothing to migrate

The 'git svn' v1-layout migration message has been silenced when there is no legacy metadata to migrate, preventing noise on newly initialized repositories. Additionally, a new 'NO_GIT_SVN' Makefile knob has been added to skip building and installing 'git-svn' entirely.

Will discard, as it has been stalled without much interest.
source: <[email protected]>

* tb/midx-incremental-custom-base (2026-06-12) 3 commits . midx-write: include packs above custom incremental base . midx: pass custom '--base' through incremental writes . t5334: expose shared nth_line() helper

The 'git multi-pack-index write --incremental' command has been corrected to properly honor the '--base' option. Previously, the custom base was ignored by the normal write path; packs from layers above the selected base were incorrectly skipped by the pack exclusion logic, and reachability closure for bitmaps was broken.

Expecting a reroll for too long, stalled.
cf. <an4uIQA09rDCwwBp@com-79390>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* mm/diff-process-hunks (2026-08-13) 11 commits
. fixup! diff: consult oid-only hunk providers via diff.<driver>.process . diff: consult oid-only hunk providers via diff.<driver>.process . userdiff: add diff.<driver>.process config
. sub-process: add a gentle status read
. sub-process: separate process lifecycle from hashmap management . blame: read precomputed hunks
. diff: read precomputed hunks for stat output
. diff: record precomputed hunks during stat output
. diff-hunks: add the store format, library, and command
. diff: introduce a hunk provider interface
. gitattributes: document how external diff drivers relate to diff features . Merge branch 'mm/line-log-limited-ops' into mm/diff-process-hunks (this branch uses mm/line-log-limited-ops.)

A new 'diff.<driver>.process' configuration has been introduced to allow a long-running external process to act as a hunk provider, enabling external tools to control which lines Git considers changed while leaving all output formatting (word diff, color, blame, etc.) to Git's standard pipeline.

Expecting a reroll for too long, stalled.
cf. <CAC2Qwm+kzT_3_GKrpay=JLGYsxS10oWCg2MJPHrCVogFHA0OdA@mail.gmail.com>
source: <[email protected]>

* ij/subtree-reject-v2-config (2026-07-06) 2 commits
. git-subtree: Bail out if we find output from Rust rewrite (test) . git-subtree: Bail out if we find output from Rust rewrite

The shell script implementation of 'git subtree' has been updated to check for the presence of the configuration file of the new Rust implementation, preventing users from accidentally running the old script on repositories already managed by the new tool.

Expecting a reroll for too long, stalled.
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* mh/rust-crate-subdir (2026-09-16) 1 commit . move rust gitcore crate to a different subdirectory

The Rust code and its 'Cargo.toml' file have been moved from the top-level repository root and 'src/' directory into a dedicated 'rust/' subdirectory. This avoids confusing Cargo's packaging mechanism when the Git repository is included as a submodule in other Rust projects.

Will discard, as it has been stalled without much interest. cf. <4brq3bxkdq6ewviznwrg7uqgpp2j6xf2bladpmdrpaypcjp63t@lqfpwwagpbss> cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* pm/replay-add-signing-support (2026-09-25) 2 commits . replay: add the -S option
. replay: handle failure to create commits

The experimental 'git replay' command has been taught to GPG-sign commits, fixing an existing limitation and plugging a bug where intermediate commit creation failures were silently ignored.

Waiting for response for too long, stalled. cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>

* mc/refs-rename-transaction (2026-10-08) 4 commits
. refs: remove backend-specific copy and rename callbacks . refs: run copy and rename through ordinary transactions . refs: support replacing reflogs in a transaction
. refs: distinguish internal transactions from logical updates

Both reference rename and copy operations have been refactored to use the generic reference transaction API, ensuring that hooks observe the updates as unified logical operations rather than piece-meal internal deletions and additions.

Waiting for response for too long, stalled. Breaks 'seen' when merged. cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
cf. <[email protected]>
source: <[email protected]>